| Papers [153-171] of 11691 :: [Page 9 of 616] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Plague in the Medieval World, 2008.
An examination of how the sheer magnitude of the "Black Death" plague played havoc with ancient and medieval societies.
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the topic of the plague in history and summarizes how this plague, also known as the Black Death was perceived in the ancient and medieval worlds. The paper records that one of the worst outbreaks occurred in Europe when it decimated the population. The paper concludes that many historians believe this helped develop the forward-thinking age of the Renaissance, a time of learning and personal growth.
From the Paper
"In 14th century Europe, agriculture was the major industry, and there was still a much-layered society made up of serfs and peasants on one hand and lords and landowners on the other. Plagues had occurred before the Black Death, and societies reacted to them in various ways. In the 7th century, a plague hit the Muslim society, and they reacted by turning to Islam for answers to their questions about the plague. They learned to control panic and guilt when a plague occurred, which helped them deal with the Black Death in the 14th century.
"In contrast, Europeans viewed the plague with "fear, flight, and guilt" (Hays 2007, 37), and many felt the plague was sent from God to punish them for some wrongdoing or sin. While Muslims had developed tools to help them deal with the plague and keep society for widespread panic and hysteria, the European society had not developed these skills, and so the reacted quite differently to the disease. "
| |
|
Opportunity for All in the American West, 2008.
An analysis, through fiction and history, of the opportunities and challenges that faced those who moved to the American West.
2,015 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the American West in fiction and history. Specifically it discusses to what extent the U.S. West has been a place of opportunity for all. The paper concludes that in reality, the American West was a land of opportunity for many, but for others, it was simply a place of hard work, little gain, oblivion, and despair.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, many emigrants found exactly what they were looking for when they headed west. They found wealth, opportunity, and a new life. Even those who did not discover gold often found success in the West in the form of business, industry, and innovation that helped them become pillars of the community. Eventually, families were reunited and the West became settled, citified, and "home." For others, they only found despair, defeat, and suffering in the West. Some died without ever seeing their families again, others attempted to farm fallow land, and still others never found the gold and the pot at the end of the rainbow they were so desperately seeking. The West was not the same for everyone who traveled there, but it is still so romanticized in fiction and history that it still retains some of that rainbow-glow in the minds of many Americans. As Johnson states at the end of her narrative, "There is so much that we have not yet learned from the Gold Rush. If we can remember it differently, perhaps we can use that memory to different ends" (Johnson 344)."
| |
|
The Battle of Fredericksburg, 2008.
An analysis of the adverse conditions that the Union army faced at the Battle of Fredericksburg that led to their costly defeat.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862. It analyzes the battle itself and the adverse conditions that the army faced. The paper then discusses the ineffective tactical implementation on the Union side that resulted in a costly defeat for General Burnsides and a halt to his "fast" advance to the Confederate capital at Richmond.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Doctrine and Training
Condition and Morale
Leadership
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In short, despite a technical tactical victory for the Union, the victory was pyrrhic at best. We can attribute this final result to the general greater experi-ence of the Confederate forces, the rough terrain and weather conditions faced by an advancing Union army, and a more judicious tactical doctrine employed by Lee. On this last point, it is important to note that while Burnsides continued to press his doctrine of rapid deployment and decisive action even after it was no longer applicable, Lee chose the wiser doctrine of attacking from a position of strength to counter the Union advance and make their technical victory an ex-ceptionally costly one."
| |
|
The Iran Hostage Crisis, 2008.
This paper discusses the Iran hostage crisis and looks at the effect it had on the Carter presidency.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 74.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the 'Iran hostage crisis' refers to the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Iran on November 1979 by militant students during which 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage with the Iranian regime's consent for 444 days in contravention of all diplomatic norms. The writer notes that the crisis had a profound effect on US-Iran relations reverberations of which can still be felt today in a highly strained relationship. The writer discusses that it also influenced the domestic politics of both countries in no uncertain terms: helping the radical Iranian clergy led by Ayatollah Khomeini to consolidate its power in the early days of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, and contributing to a large extent in the decisive defeat of President Jimmy Carter in the November 1980 US Presidential elections. This paper gives the background and a brief overview of the crisis, analyzes its causes and explains the effect it had on the Carter Presidency.
Outline:
Background
The Embassy Take-over
Surprise for the Americans
Options for the Carter Administration
The Effect on Carter's Popularity
The Disastrous Rescue Attempt
The October Surprise
From the Paper
" The actual seizure of the American Embassy took place on the morning of November 4, 1979 that had been proclaimed as the National Students Day to honor the students who had been gunned down by the Shah's police the previous year. Thousands of students gathered outside the embassy shouting the customary anti-Shah and anti-US slogans and at first, it seemed to be a customary demonstration which had become a routine since the Iranian Revolution until a large group of students poured through the main gate of the compound and started to scale the embassy walls. Despite the best efforts of the embassy staff to prevent the takeover, the students soon overwhelmed the sixty-five Americans inside the embassy and took them hostage. Even though both the captors and the hostages had expected the seizure to be a short-term affair, the crisis proved to be a long-drawn out affair that lasted for more than a year and was mainly responsible for reducing the Carter presidency to a single term."
| |
|
Evolution of the Women's Business Suit, 2008.
An analysis of development of the purpose and style of the women's business suit from the 1550s until today.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the women's business suit. It begins by discussing the development of women's jackets from as far back as 1550. It looks at their function and practicality, as well as their fashion and stylishness. The paper particularly focuses on the role of the women's suit in business and the messages that it conveys.
From the Paper
"Today in her speech before an assembled audience of women leaders, even the editor of a women's fashion magazine, Glamour, wears a conservative suit, not one of the pastel confections of the 1950s. Everyone in the audience, all women wear suits. "To look professional and be taken seriously, you need to wear a jacket," is the testimony one style consultant (Givhan, 2006). Granted, women's business attire has become more "relaxed, more feminine and more flattering," since the 1970s, taking into consideration the different shapes of a women's form. Just as women no longer have to prove themselves to be the same as men to succeed in the boardroom, women no longer have to dress exactly like men to be taken seriously. But although dresses "might be ideal for a dinner or luncheon," they "are not favored by women looking to flash a little power" (Givhan, 2006). A suit jacket continues to exude power, and while it can be sexy and feminine, today no professional women's wardrobe is complete without a business suit."
| |
|
Genocide in Rwanda, 2008.
This paper relates the culture and history of the Tutsi tribe.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that the distinction between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes was fundamentally based in land, cattle and political access. The paper further relates that Hutu and Tutsi people on an individual basis were able to overcome their differences and develop friendships and even marital alliances. The paper explains, however, that with the incursion of European colonialism, first Germany and then Belgium, European considerations of power came to the forefront and they introduced racial and ethnic tensions that linger until this day.
From the Paper
"Today, the Tutsi tribe is most famous as the victims of one of the most notable acts of genocide of recent memory, in the Hutu-lead African nation of Rwanda. But the history of the Tutsis is a long and complicated one that cannot be surmised in a news article or a caption below a sad photograph. More than four hundred years ago, the Tutsi tribe settled in an area of what is now predominantly known as the African nation of Rwanda, while they were searching for more fertile land on which to graze their cattle. The land was then populated by the more numerous Hutu tribes and the less populous Twa tribe."
| |
|
Post-Westphalia Treaty Europe, 2008.
An analysis of transnational organizations within post-Westphalia treaty Europe.
11,750 words (approx. 47.0 pages), 54 sources, APA, $ 228.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses how the concept of national sovereignty established by the Treaty of Westphalia has slowly but surely been replaced with one of supra-national organizations of various types, assuming both the authority and the responsibility for many tasks that were jealously guarded by the nations of Europe in the past. It examines the Treaty of Westphalia in light of these recent trends and illustrates how the actions of transnational organizations are Machiavellian in their very nature. The paper suggests that this represents a source of future conflict within Europe wherein only a supra-national body can apply effective governance.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Review of the Literature
Treaty of Westphalia
Post-Modern Europe
Trans-Nationalism
Transnational Organisations
Essay
Introduction
Part One
Current European Political Climate
Pre-Westphalia Treaty Europe
European Spatial Development Perspective and the Issue of Polycentricism
Part Two
Three Types of Transnational Organizations
Transnational criminal/terrorist organizations
International non-governmental organizations
Part Three
Post-Westphalia Treaty Europe and Transnational Organisations
Summary
From the Paper
"The research clearly showed that the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 represented a demarcation point in European history wherein the concept of national sovereignty was established only to be replaced over time by a number of historical transformations in international law that have profound implications for the European Union of the 21st century. Based on the foregoing, it is reasonable to conclude that the actions of TNOs are Machiavellian in their very nature and this represents a fundamental source of future conflict within Europe and creates an environment in which only supra-national bodies can apply and sustain effective governance."
| |
|
Military Tactics of Imperial Rome, 2008.
This paper discusses the military tactics of Rome during its reign in the Imperial Period.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
There is a clear sense that Roman Imperialism was made possible to a large degree by the attainment of a high level of military knowledge and structure. Rome in the Imperial Period, roughly between 27 BC to 395 AD, was marked by a substantially large and well organized standing army. The Roman City State had developed and established sets of colonies, some of which created through collaboration and others through conquest, but delineated a sense of strategic protection and superiority regionally. According to this paper, it is the organization of the army which marks both Rome's success and its ability to utilize novel military tactics to defeat its enemy and gain imperial territory, which at its peak stretched through most of Europe, the Persian Gulf and North Africa.
From the Paper
"The ebb and flow of military tactics was to a large degree dependent upon the character, flexibility and acceptance of the emperor, who was more often than not the traveling and demonstrative leader of the empire or the future leader of the empire. Additionally, most successful imperial leaders of Rome beginning with Augustus, demonstrated a keen sense of the need to alter tactics to the size of the available troops, the known tactics of the enemy and the environment of the region, an issue that became paramount in very distant campaigns such as that of Britain, and especially North Britain. (Shotter 53) Roman military tactics are clearly marked as a standard for modern warfare of the time including issues such as defined logistics, military intelligence gathering and preliminary constructions of fortifications, both permanent and temporary as well as road building, which to a large degree was the lasting mark of Roman military success. (Goldsworthy 43-78) The building of Hadrian's wall in fact is argued to be the delineation of the length to which Rome was willing to go in its occupation of Britain, based on political but mostly environmental reasons. The organization of the northern occupied regions was markedly less and the infrastructure was much sparser, for the most part because few Roman citizens saw the wisdom in living in such an unfavorable and un-Roman region, with very limited regional gains to be had. (Shotter 9)"
| |
|
India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, 2008.
Looks at Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who deeply influenced the history of India.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the activities of India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in establishing India's economy, politics and development following the independence from British rule. Nehru's involvement transformed India into a civilized and powerful republic. The author describes Nehru's concept of Indianness in which he wanted to avoid a copy of European nationalism. The paper relates that, although Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru were bound together through their common quest for the truth, Gandhi was an eccentric, living in poverty and promoting non-violence and religion, while Nehru was more of a noble and a socialist person. The author contrasts their beliefs.
From the Paper
"An issue posed by the unification of India had been the Indian multiculturalism and the lack of cooperation between these specific cultural entities. Therefore, English appeared to be the only language through which the South and the North were able to communicate. This is why there was a need for a national point of reference. Thus, the Indian concept of an identity was a state and an organization that could implement a legal identity. Nehru's opinion was that the country's history could not be cleaned and invoked an acceptation of its past and its advantages, encouraging modernism and the need of unity.
| |
|
Changing Role of Women in America, 2008.
This paper discusses changes in regards to the status of women in American society.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that less than 100 years ago, American women enjoyed relatively few freedoms: they could not vote, they could not control money, and they were frequently treated like chattel or other property, owned by their male relatives. However, the last 100 years have seen tremendous advances in women's rights. The writer points out that, first, women have obtained significant legal advances in the past 100 years, which have led to the legal recognition of women as equals. Although women have not achieved absolute equality, these legal changes have led to significant equitable equality. The writer discusses that while these changes have impacted women of different races in different manners, the feminist movement has resulted in positive changes for all women. The writer concludes that, as a result of these changes, all American women have achieved substantial gender equality, and the changes have benefited women regardless of class or gender.
Outline:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Although women did not traditionally enjoy legal or real freedoms in America, there has been a tremendous change in women's rights in the last 100 years, and those changes have positively impacted women of all races and classes. Women have gone from being considered the property of husbands or the absolute property of slave-owners to autonomous individuals with the full range of legal rights and responsibilities. In addition, the law officially prohibits sex-based discrimination. These legal changes have led to increases in substantive equality. For example, women make up almost half of the American labor force and, though the wage gap still exists, it is slowly shrinking. In addition, American women have access to reliable contraceptives, giving them an unprecedented level of personal freedom. These changes have benefited women from all walks of life; though the feminist movement has not accomplished its goals of eliminating racism and classism, it has successfully benefited women of all races and classes. Such tremendous changes in such a relatively short period of time make total equality seem inevitable."
| |
|
The Sound of Music, 2008.
This paper studies the film 'The Sound of Music', focusing on the them and music featured in the movie.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the film 'The Sound of Music'. Specifically it discusses the music and theme of the film. The writer notes that 'The Sound of Music' is one of classic Hollywood's classic musicals and is still a family favorite today, even though it was first released in 1965 to movie theaters. The writer explains that it is a heartwarming story that tells the story of the rise of Nazi power in Austria in the 1930s, and how one family coped with the historic and frightening events swirling around them. The writer looks at the storyline and notes that the story is essentially true, but the film took fictional license with much of the truth involved. The writer discusses that the story would not be the same without all the music, and this indicates that it works in the film, making it more magical and charming than it would have been without all the wonderful songs.
From the Paper
"The overarching film theme is the theme of love transforming a dysfunctional family, something that is purely an invention for the film. While the Captain was strict, he was not as strict as the film portrays, and in reality, Maria went to the family home to act as a nurse, more than a governess. The couple did fall in love, however, and did marry. In the film, Maria is the catalyst that brings the family together and helps the Captain see how much he loves his family. She nurtures the children and gets the Captain to open up and be much more loving and open with his family, and brings the entire family together. The family in the film is dysfunctional, because the Captain is so strict and so unable to warm up to his children, and they need a woman's touch to get past this feeling of domination and fear that permeates the children. They are not allowed to just be "children" until Maria comes, and that transforms the family and turns it into a "real" loving and caring unit."
| |
|
"After The Face: The Art of Historical Detection", 2008.
A review of the history book "After The Face: The Art of Historical Detection" by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle.
1,412 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper examines "After The Face: The Art of Historical Detection" and shows how the authors, Davidson and Lytle, use interesting and vivid story-telling to bring the information to life. The paper focuses on two chapters; the account of the Dust Bowl, of struggling immigrants in California and the issue of Truman dropping the atom bomb on Japan. The paper highlights the effectiveness of the authors' techniques in writing this history book.
From the Paper
"The "Dust Bowl Odyssey" (Chapter Eleven) in the Davidson - Lytle book, After the Fact, is a very well-illustrated and well-thought-out part of the book. This chapter uses factual historical data, literary references (such as passages from John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath), and the works of well-known photographer Dorothea Lange. Not only does Davidson show some of Lange's work, the authors tell her story, which is a far more interesting way of looking at American history than bland factual narrative."
| |
|
Race, Gender, and Latin American Eugenics, 2008.
This essay discusses Nancy Leys Stepan's "The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America" and evaluates how theories of "racial improvement" aided modernization in Latin America.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the conceptualization of 'science' as purely objective and entirely distanced from the influences of politics. Specifically, this paper looks at the science of eugenics as extremely popular in many nations from the turn of the century until the 1940's. Instead of being purely 'science', as many conceptualized, eugenics was used to justify racial segregation and oppression, in Europe, North America and also in Latin America. According to Nancy Leys Stepan, simply because Latin American eugenics was not used as a tool of state policy on the same level of brutality as in Nazi Germany, does not mean that it was not still deployed by scientists and state officials alike to control human behavior.
From the Paper
"Latin American eugenics was driven by the desire to purify the physical appearance and morality of the nation. Gender, and the presumed inferior place of women also fueled the structure of the health policy, as monitoring the female body and creating the perfect mother was the justification for the compulsory registration of pregnant women and enforced medical exams for the 'good' of the baby and future citizen. Within the bodies of mothers, the new nation would be born, thus (as in Nazi Germany, but with a different scientific justification and emphasis on propagation rather than annihilation) the state 'owned' the body of the woman."
| |
|
Maltreatment of Children, 2008.
This paper looks at how the definition of child, along with the concepts of child maltreatment, have evolved over time within society.
3,680 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 102.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the conception of what constitutes maltreatment of children. Specifically, this paper establishes the view that the whole concept of what constitutes a designation of being a "child" has changed over time, like many other societal definitions. According to the author, the designation of a child as a vulnerable member of society that requires special protection by parents and others is in fact a relatively new concept, and this is especially true of the social designation of adolescence. This paper takes a look at child maltreatment as a concept that has evolved over time, especially with regards to the definitions in a legal sense and the afforded interventions that are offered to society as a whole when these new definitions are breeched. Furthermore, this paper asserts that just like any other recently designated social problem, the phenomena of child maltreatment, though it has existed for all of human history, has taken a significant amount of time to be defined in the manner it is today.
From the Paper
"Sadly, due to the nature of the limited communication skills of children and the desire of many abusers to deny events occurrences social workers are often engaged in resolving behavioral and social problems that occur as a result months or even years of maltreatment or single events that are so traumatic for the child that they relive them continually in thought and seek alternative behaviors to alleviate or even signal the need for intervention. Childhood trauma is a perceptual situation, and all trauma either intentional or unintentional, say as a result of witnessing unrelated acts of violence can effect all children in a different way, from not much at all to fundamentally and long lasting posttraumatic stress which can involve nightmares, behavioral problems, educational problems or even serious social concerns."
| |
|
Greek Studies, 2008.
This paper looks at Greek history, focusing on Aristotle's view of Spartan women.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of Greek history. Specifically, the writer discusses the view Aristotle has of Spartan women and looks at how this view compares with other sources on the women of Sparta. The writer points out that Aristotle's view of Spartan women was less than complementary, but this differs from most other sources on Greek history. The writer maintains that Aristotle may have been prejudiced against women, leading to his canted views on Spartan women and their accomplishments.
From the Paper
"Aristotle, one of the most illustrious Greek philosophers, believed, as many Greeks did, that women and education did not mix. In Athens (Aristotle's home), women were educated in the arts, such as spinning, weaving, and many other domestic activities. They were not educated in science and mathematics, as young men were, and there were many other differences, as well. In Sparta, the domestic tasks such as spinning were seen as work for the serfs or lower classes, while Spartan women were educated on the same level as the men. In fact, women also had to excel in athletics and warrior skills as they mastered their education in Sparta, while women in Athens not only were not fully educated, they could not participate in athletics, and could not own property or serve in the political arena, as well."
| |
|
John Shelby Spong: His Life and Ministry, 2008.
A discussion of Newark Episcopal Bishop John Shelby Spong's ministry and liberal social views.
2,455 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper addresses how the life and ministry of the Newark Episcopal bishop John Shelby Spong stand in stark contrast to the assumption that religious faith and a lack of tolerance have come to be seen as synonymous. The paper holds that Spong has stood in defiance of more conventional interpreters of his church's doctrines from both a theological and social standpoint. He has remained a proud advocate for liberal interpretations of the nature of Jesus. He has shown tolerance of homosexuality and feminism. Rather than defend his Episcopalian faith in absolute terms, Spong has proclaimed the need for openness and plurality and has made ecumenical beliefs the core of his ministry. The paper concludes that, although he remains widely controversial, the good he has done over the course of his life cannot be denied, in his pursuit of truth and justice.
From the Paper
"Whenever he believes the American government is being repressive, Spong has asserted that it is absurd to protect freedom by limiting freedom. All true faith derives from the human ability to choose, freely and openly, one's faith and convictions. To have faith means not to deny the rights of others, but to welcome discussion and dialogue. This spirit of openness is embodied in Spong's life, even in his appearance. To better relate to the people he served in the Diocese of Newark, Spong seldom wore a miter. Representing the authority of the church given to him by wearing the robes of his office was less important than teaching the truth in the most immediate and accessible way possible."
| |
|
Monopoly, 2008.
A look at the background and development of Monopoly, the nation's most popular board game.
2,196 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 68.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that the game Monopoly is modeled on Atlantic City and is based on the spirit of capitalism that helped create the city. The paper also discusses the game "The Landlord's Game" by Lizzie Magie that inspired the creation of Monopoly. In addition, the paper discusses the disputes over the ownership of Monopoly and the factors that contributed to its eventual success.
From the Paper
"To understand the game Monopoly, one must first understand how Atlantic City came in to existence, since the game is modeled on Atlantic City and is based on the spirit of capitalism that helped create the city. Atlantic City was created as a destination city by Richard Osborne, using a plan created by Jonathan Pitney. The streets were to "be named after the nation's thirty-one states and its north-south avenues for oceans and seas, to envision the entire globe." (Orbanes, p.xvi). The most remarkable part about the scheme was that Atlantic City was created entirely as a resort destination; nothing existed there prior to it being offered up to investors as a resort. Despite that, Osborne managed to get thirty-eight subscribers to purchase 10,000 shares of stock in his railroad company, and Atlantic City was born. (Orbanes, p.xvi)."
| |
|
Inculturation of Roman Rite, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of funeral rites concentrating on Roman rites.
4,616 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the Roman funeral rite and the ability of the Romans to successfully inculturate elements of this ritual into the other cultures that they touched. The writer supports the thesis that the successful inculturation of funeral rites into mainstream society is a result of the willingness to adapt the ritual to include elements of the culture that they wished to acquire, rather than getting them to submit by sheer brute force. The new funeral rite then represents a perfect blend of two cultures.
Outline:
Understanding Inculturation
Roman Funeral Rites Past and Present
Inculturation of Roman Funerary Rites
The Jewish Funerary Liturgy
Developing a Plan for Inculturation
On Liturgy and Faith
Inculturation Methodology
From the Paper
"As the pagan practices of the Roman Empire became entangled, and later replaced by Christianity, many of the pagan practices became obsolete. In some cases, they were no longer allowed, particularly those that honored pagan gods. However, as the Roman religion transformed into the Roman Catholic Church, many elements of the old funeral rites survived. The survival of these elements demonstrates a high degree of inculturation of the old Roman practices. The modern Catholic funerary service still maintains the basic structure of the old Roman ceremony.
"The modern Roman Catholic Church requires that burial rites contain three distinct lithurgical sections. A funeral must contain all three sections."
| |
|
Women in Ancient Athens, 2008.
This paper considers the theories of Frederick Engels regarding the position of women in ancient Athens.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the limited rights of women in archaic Athens regarding ownership of property. The paper looks at Frederick Engels belief that women's oppression was an unnatural consequence of property relations and was essential for the survival and the privileges of men. The paper therefore shows how Engels' theory on the oppression of women confirms the formal and legal position of women in archaic and classical Athens.
From the Paper
"Law in ancient Athens forbade a woman from engaging in business transactions with money value in excess of five or six days' food for her family (Thompson 2005). Buying anything beyond that required the approval of a male guardian. Ownership of property was likewise complicated and frustrating to her. She might have owned and used a slave, clothing, furniture and jewelry every day but she could not sell or give any of them. She might have claim over land but had no right either to use or sell it. Her rights over property did not mean or include ownership (Thompson)."
|
|
|