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Lewis & Clark, 2008.
This paper discusses the expedition of Lewis and Clark across the North American continent in the early nineteenth century.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the Lewis & Clark expedition. Specifically the writer discusses how the expedition came to be and looks at what findings with which the explorers returned. The writer explains that Lewis and Clark and their Corps of Discovery traveled across America to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806, and then returned east to report their findings. The writer notes that it was one of the greatest exploratory expeditions in American history, and it resulted in a much greater understanding of the lands "out west."
From the Paper
"He chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to lead the expedition, and asked Congress for the money to fund it ($2500). They chose 40 men to accompany them, trained them throughout the winter of 1803, and set off from St. Louis, Missouri in May 1804.
"Toussaint Charbonneau and his young wife, Sacagawea joined the expedition in North Dakota at the Mandan Indian settlement. Lewis & Clark hired Charbonneau, a French fur trapper, to act as a guide for the next leg of their journey, and he brought his wife and young son along. Sacagawea was a young Shoshone girl, who provided much help during the expedition."
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"A Respectable Army", 2008.
This paper dispels the myths of the colonial army's war against the British in "A Respectable Army" by James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that America likes to believe that the colonial army was different from the British and was based upon ordinary men volunteering their time out of ideology and a love of liberty rather than a desire for money. The paper looks at "A Respectable Army" by James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender who suggest that the war was actually won by paid soldiers, not by volunteers. The paper also discusses the class tension in the army that contradicts the preached ideal that the new colonial army was democratic and egalitarian.
From the Paper
"Rather than a citizen-solder, Martin and Lender stress that for most of the war, the majority of the colonial army had a relatively small percentage of landed farmers. The vast majority of the army's core was made up of poor men with little hope of employment elsewhere, who sought land and hopefully money and perhaps some social respectability as a result of the suffering they endured under Washington's command. They did not enlist for ideology, or to preserve their lifestyle, like the volunteer citizens, more often than not, they enlisted out of desperation. This vast social gulf and differing views of the rightness and importance of the colonial cause and the rightness of the social structure of America thus created an equally profound divide within the army between those who did serve as part of a standing, paid army and volunteers."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2008.
An examination of how the Cuban Missile Crisis showed
the US and the USSR how to understand the perils of a nuclear conflict.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Cold War, viewed as a battle of power between the two major actors, the United States of America and the USSR, had several turning points in its evolution. The paper continues and states that one of the most important moments of the Cold War, when mankind was closest to a nuclear disaster, happened in 1962 in Cuba. The paper then relates that, in order to further understanding of the crisis, it discusses it in a historical context, describes it and discusses its results within the Cold War evolution. The paper concludes that an effect of the crisis was the creation of a direct link between the US and the USSR (the Hot Line) which represented a first step towards a better communication and cooperation between the two political systems.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the crisis can be placed when the American President, John F. Kennedy was notified that the Soviets deployed missile equipment and missiles in Cuba, on October 16, 1962. Viewed as a serious threat not only for the American security but also a threat for the European Allies, the US's response had a large number of possibilities to be taken into account. These were "a Blockade Plan--employs 24 to 36 destroyers, a carrier task force, etc., which can marshal significant strength to blockade Cuba, both air and maritime; air Strike Plan--currently being revised, but employs between 450 and 500 aircraft. (...); fast Reaction Assault Plan--employs both air-borne and amphibious assault with about 32,000 troops in initial phase, with balance of assault forces arriving in increments as they become available. Ultimately builds up to about 80,000 troops in Cuba around D+18 days. Full-Scale Deliberate Assault Plan--employs simultaneous airborne and amphibious assault with around 49,000 troops engaged on D-Day, building to about 60,000 by D+5 days, and again to 80,000 by D+16 days." (The Avalon Project, 1998). Form the scenarios that President Kennedy and his team made, the first option was chosen. This was a very important moment not only for the crisis itself, but for the evolution of the Cold War. A military naval blockade was chosen for several reasons: Kennedy wanted to diffuse the crisis on the basis of a non-military action that would have probably given reason for an increase in tensions between the US and the USSR. Also, because the US was unable to 100% prove that USSR had rockets in that area it needed to gain support from its European allies. "
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"The War That Made America", 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War" by Fred Anderson.
1,332 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the French and Indian war that was a bitter struggle involving the French, British, American colonists and Native Americans for control of the North American continent. The paper examines "The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War" by Fred Anderson and discusses the author's thesis that this war helped forge the American Revolutionary War.
From the Paper
"The French and Indian War (also known as the Seven Years' War), began in 1754 in the Allegany region of what is now Pennsylvania. The author's thesis is that this war, which most Americans do not even know about or understand, really helped forge the American Revolutionary War. His history discusses just how that is possible, and what Americans should know about this pivotal conflict."
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WWI and the Vietnam Wars, 2008.
An analysis of how WWI and the Vietnam Wars influenced the changes in America.
2,949 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the manner in which WWI, WWII and the Vietnam Wars have changed America. The paper discusses how the wars changed society, how these changes were resisted and what the long term domestic results of the wars were on America. The paper places emphasis not on the conflicts themselves but on the evolving and lasting changes they each had upon society, politically, culturally and economically. The paper looks at each war chronologically and discusses aspects of domestic change. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.
From the Paper
"The period preceding the entrance of the US into WWI was a period known as the progressive era, the era was marked with demonstrative social change regarding the individual. Many changes were in progress and the general feeling of progressive thinkers was of social peace and individual prosperity and social service networks to support those in the economy who could not do so given the current state of employment, an often low paid sporadic and difficult condition. Political isolation also marked the day with a strong sense of independence and self realization. The progressive era was in direct response to the extreme disparity seen in class divisions associated with the industrial revolution."
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Theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 2008.
Looks at the life and teaching of anti-Nazi German theologian and philosopher Dietrich Bonhoeffer and reflects on his writings.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, among the first German Protestants to perceive the diabolical nature of Nazism, was implicated in the plot to assassinate Hitler and destroy his Third Reich for which Bonhoeffer was hanged. The author explains that Bonhoeffer taught that ethical behavior was founded on the unification of the reality of the world, God and Christ and criticized other theories for their failure to confront evil directly. The paper reflects upon a major work by Bonhoeffer "The Cost of Discipleship", published in 1948, in which he discussed "costly grace" as the center of discipleship.
Table of Contents:
Life
Teachings
Reading Reflection
From the Paper
"Grace is cheap if the sin is blotted out but the sinner remains unjustified or remains feeling unjustified. No human being can do the job. God's free grace alone can do and does everything. Despite man's best efforts at living well, the world can only go the same old way and sinners will remain sinners. The sinner must feel forgiven if the forgiveness is real. Otherwise, it is only cheap grace and cheap grace is unreal. True forgiveness releases the sinner from the sin and makes the sin leave the sinner. Cheap grace is also only ministerial or external."
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Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography, 2008.
An analysis of Mark Mathabane's book "Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography", specifically focusing on apartheid in South Africa and the appalling prejudice and segregation between blacks and whites under the regime.
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book "Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography" by Mark Mathabane. Mathabane's book allows the reader to enter the South African world of apartheid and understand more about the system as it worked in South African life. Apartheid, a system of separation and segregation between blacks and whites existed in South Africa until 1994, and it drove a wedge between the people, the country, and its relationship with the world. This paper discusses how the book shows the deep wedge between races, and how much blacks suffered under the system. Furthermore, it looks at how Mathabane's story makes the time of apartheid real to the reader, and shows how prejudice and hatred can tear a people and a country apart. It also discusses that even with apartheid and racism, the author still deeply loves his home country.
From the Paper
"As the book continues, it is difficult to believe some of the atrocities and outrages were allowed to continue as long as they did. The whites oppressed the blacks and other minorities so completely, it was difficult for them to even survive. For example, Mathabane's father is arrested simply for being unemployed, one of the 'worst' offenses a black man could commit in South Africa. Some of the situations would be laughable, if they were not so real, and many of them are remarkable. Blacks are not allowed to own houses, and the government can tear down their ghetto on a whim, leaving entire families homeless and desperate. Yet, the whites, who enjoy an incredibly high standard of living, do nothing to ease the tensions and inequalities in their country. It is as if there are two separate countries, united only by the name, 'South Africa,' and the as the book continues, it draws the reader in, until they feel as if they are a part of the fight for freedom. It also makes them feel outrage that such atrocities were allowed to continue for so very long."
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Contemporary Africa Ethnic Conflict Resolution, 2008.
Analyzes ethnic conflict resolution and policy in contemporary Africa, especially Ethiopia.
15,860 words (approx. 63.4 pages), 36 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies key elements in conflict and conflict resolution theories from the perspectives of ethnicity, culture, and politics in Africa and non-African countries. The author points out that Africa has been wracked time and time again by wars of all types, intensities and durations. The author then presents several ways that Africans resolve ethnic conflict and reports that, unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of the 1936-41 Italian occupation during World War II. However, Ethiopia has been wracked by a series of bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought and massive refugee problems.
Table of Contents:
Theory
Key Historical and Contemporary Theorist
Conflict Theories and African Policy Issues
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Social Learning Theory
Social Identity Theories
Implementation of Ethnic Conflict Management and Policy
Community Assembly: The Semai Becharaa'
Qat-Chewing Sessions
The Role of Poetry
Dia
Go-Between Mediator
Apology
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Public Trials
Reparations Payments
Writing a Common History
Track II Diplomacy
Literature Review
Global Ethnic Resolution, Conflict and Relevant Policy
African Ethnic Conflict and Policy
Application of Theory and Practice on Ethiopia
Ethnic Conflict Resolution and Theories within a Policy Context
Ethiopian Socioeconomic and Political Climate
From the Paper
"The native inhabitants of the area were organized in agrarian-based chiefdoms like those of the Bench and Dizi people (living in the highlands) or in decentralized age-grade societies like the Toposa, Anyuak, Nyangatom and Suri (living in the lowland plains). The state presence was constituted by superior military force (soldier contingents with better arms), and by the imposition on the locals of tribute and tax requirements, and the obligation to provide corvee agricultural labor for the northern immigrants. The latter also took cattle, ivory and slaves for trade to the north."
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Review: Political Organization of Chichen Itza, 2008.
This paper discusses themes in W. Ringle's paper, "On the Political Organization of Chichen Itza." Specifically, the authors looks at the leadership and worship of Quetzalcoatl in Mesoamerica.
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three general themes that are addressed in Ringle's "On the Political Organization of Chichen Itza." First, the paper explains that, in contrast to other authors, Ringle notes that worship of Quetzalcoatl is a primary means of Mesoamerican leadership and puts forth the fact that it is more properly viewed as a set of visual symbolism. Next, the paper explains that Ringle states that the ceremonial cores of specific larger cult centers served as a location for this investiture of leaders who wished to attach themselves to the cult. Lastly, it is surmised that Quetzalcoatl cannot be simply defined as a dynastic patron. Rather, leadership was often subdivided, with often some facet of dual leadership. The paper also analyzes the sources used within the work, the overall argumentative structure, and the fact that Ringle seems to contradict known theories on Quetzalcoastl worship instead of supporting them. The author the paper then ends his discussion with a personal reaction to Ringle's paper, stating that through Ringle's paper it can be shown that ritual is a powerful leadership tool, binding groups of people together despite disparate locations.
From the Paper
"In addition, Ringle notes that the UTJ jamb figures have this ornament as well. Likewise, so do all of the figures that are facing the Sun Disk figure that are found on the three faces that are carved on the inner lintel. Ringle further supports his disagreement with Kubler by observing that heron-feather ornaments only occur in the upper registers of the LTJ and the NT. This, he surmises, is further proof that this is an indication of specific rank or segment of warriors who were under the command of the 'Mixcoatl' figure. In addition, the author reminds the reader that among the objects given to initiates in the Quiche chronicles were heron feathers.
"Lastly, Ringle brings to light the fact that in the UTJ there is only one person who is lacking the heron feather ornament. This figure is situated to the left of the table bench carving. Ringle theorizes that if he is the initiate, the individual may simply not have been given his ornament yet, in the depiction. This theory would appear to be further supported by the fact that twin heron feathers are floating just above and to the right of the initiate."
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Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion, 2008.
This paper reviews the book "The Fire of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion" by Stephen B. Oates.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Nat Turner lead the largest and one of the most successful slave rebellions in American history in 1831, long before the American Civil War took place. However, the writer points out that most of the other facts about Turner's life remain elusive in the eyes of writers and historians alike. The writer discusses that to flesh out the myths and legends surrounding Turner's complicated theology, rebellion, and psychology, 19th century American historian Stephen Oates attempts to provide a speculative history as to the context of the plantation life in which Turner was reared as a slave. The writer looks at how Turner came to view himself as a prophetic figure and lead the fierce rebellion of the title. The writer notes that Oates suggests that Turner was both an extraordinary figure, a man whose rebellion changed the South, but also an ordinary man, who showed amazing courage, intelligence, and brutality in the face of history.
From the Paper
"In his book, Oates portrays slavery and the slave community as a totally enclosing institution, with heavy white control upon slave mobility, intellectually and geographically. This partially explains why more blacks did not rebel with Turner, he surmises. He also examines the empowering nature of slave religion, which originated as an instrument of white control upon slaves, but which also acted as a tool of empowerment for some slaves like Turner, who believed that his visions gave him prophetic status and the right to free his people. Religion and Christianity was a double-edged sword for slaves, preaching meekness when transmitted in the voices of slave-owners, but also a gospel of judgment, where the mighty would be brought low by the oppressed, in the name of justice."
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Heracles, Theseus, and Odysseus., 2008.
An essay describing the heroism of three characters in Greek mythology, namely Heracles, Theseus, and Odysseus.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Greek heroes who were an integral part of Greek society and relates that they were held in esteem just below the gods and demi-gods of the Greek pantheon. The paper states that they were considered progeny of the gods, and as such, were favored by them as the gods and demi-gods who protected them. The paper specifically examines the nature of the heroism of three Greek heroes, Heracles, Theseus, and Odysseus.
From the Paper
"Another characteristic that ties mythological heroes together is their encounter with a femme fatale. Aside from the various monsters encountered along the quest, this femme fatale adds to the difficulties by attempting to attract the hero romantically and detract them from their quest. Odysseus had Circes and Calypso, who caused a considerable delay in his return home (Stewart, "Odysseus"). Theseus had Ariadne who cause delay in his return home when she was kidnapped (Plutarch, online version). Sometimes the femme fatale is hostile, as with Circes and Calypso. Other times the femme fatale is benevolent, as with Ariadne. Either way, the femme fatale causes the hero to stray off schedule and delay his quest."
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The American War for Independence, 2008.
An analysis of David Hackett Fischer's "Washington's Crossing", which offers insight into the American victory in the War for Independence.
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how historian David Hackett Fischer, in his book "Washington's Crossing", perceives the American victory in the War for Independence as a true moral victory for the Americans. The paper explains his belief that since the Americans were free men who were willingly fighting for their values and ideals, they triumphed over the larger Hessian mercenary and British army who only half-believed in the British cause. The paper contrasts the moral force and discipline in the American army and their ethical care of prisoners of war to the conduct of the British army. The writer asserts that it is sad as an American to read this book in light of recent scandals about the American army's mistreatment of prisoners of war.
From the Paper
"Fischer uses as a kind of case study the famous crossing of the Delaware River by Washington, which proved such a decisive victory for the Americans in war. By all odds, the Americans should not have won because of their inferior numbers. The fact that they took the garrisoned Hessians by surprise on Christmas Day is part of the reason for their success. (Fischer notes that these professional soldiers, despite popular American mythology, were not drunk--surprised, yes, but not drunk). He attributes the survival of the Patriot army to their zeal and belief in freedom, and the way that the values of the Enlightenment and the common man were upheld by the Americans in the war. "
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The Evolution of Slavery, 2008.
An analysis of the evolution of slavery during the period of the Reconstruction after the Civil War.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of slavery in the United States. Specifically, the paper describes and explains the evolution of slavery in the country, especially during Reconstruction after the Civil War.
From the Paper
"Just before the Civil War, slaves began to fight for their freedom in rebellions such and John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, that killed many whites, and people in the South began to openly fear the slaves, and they attempted to create more controls for them. "This near hysteria was accompanied by a crackdown on slaves and free blacks, backed by new laws and imposed by state and local authorities, as well as by a resurgence of vigilante activity" (Parish 150). This led to more distrust between blacks and whites, and even more mistrust in their relationships. Whites clearly had the power, and used it to make sure slaves were completely under their control. Slave marriages were not legal, families could be separated at a moment's notice, and often slaveowners were extremely violent with their slaves, beating them and even killing them for the slightest infraction. The relationship between blacks and whites had deteriorated into a relationship based on power and racism, and this would continue even after the Civil War ended and Reconstruction began."
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Ancient Roman Literature, 2008.
A discussion of the worth of Roman literature and a comparison of the meter and themes of Roman literature to Greek literature.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the value of the works of the great Roman poets and prose authors. The paper specifically discusses how Roman literature and poetry is criticized because it lacks originality, being greatly indebted to the Greek texts. It describes the meter and themes of Roman literature and discusses how these, and even the mere details, are most of the times only imitations of the Greek writings.
From the Paper
"Thus, Roman art can be characterized by the lack of spontaneity and speculative power. The Romans were a logical and practical people, usually engaged in political affairs or warfare. The greatest conquerors of the antiquity, the Romans were also the greatest civilizing power. Their systematic and disciplined spirit laid the foundations of the Western civilization. As it is obvious from the lyric, dramatic and epical works of the Roman writers, they Roman people was certainly not inclined to philosophy as the Greeks had been. Indeed, the only writer who can be said to have contributed meaningfully to the realm of antique philosophy is the multidimensional Cicero, who is the only Roman methodological philosopher: "Philosophy was not a natural growth at Rome: indeed, it was regarded by the average Roman with definite mistrust, and we hear that philosophers were banished from the city in 161 B. C....The Roman, essentially a man of action engaged in the practical business of war or politics, was not given to pausing on his way to reflect deeply on the nature of the world or the ultimate meaning of human life."(Bailey, 183) The Romans were thus less preoccupied with the ultimate meaning of the universe and of life, as the Greeks were, but rather with the world of action and human behavior. Usually associated with imitation rather than creation, Roman art had nevertheless its own force precisely through its absolute conformity to classicism."
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Effective Leadership Styles, 2008.
A research paper that analyzes the different leadership styles and what makes an effective leader.
7,260 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 161.95
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Abstract
This research paper analyzes the characteristics of effective leadership. It describes different types of leadership styles and examines effective leaders from throughout history. The paper discusses if and how a leader can develop effective leadership styles and then focuses on how effective leadership impacts an organization's potential to succeed.
Table of Contents:
Chapter I
Introduction
Leaders
Leadership Ranges
Contemporary Leadership Types
Transactional Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Charismatic Leadership
Hypothesis
Aim and Objectives
Aim
Objective 1
Objective 2
Objective 3
Chapter II
Literature Review
The Heart of Effective Leadership
One Historical Leader: Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollins
Components of Effective Leadership Styles
Studies
Joseph: 2003
Rast and Latour 2004
Stefano and Wasylyshyn: 2005
Gray and Bryme: 2006
Brown and Gardner: 2007
Books Note...
Components of Effective Leadership Styles
Leader's Have to Choose
The Bottom Line
No Shortcuts to Effective Leadership
Developing Effective Leaders
Effective Leaders' Practices
From the Paper
"Long before recorded history, however, according to evolutionary anthropologists and psychologists, human beings developed a predisposition toward group cooperation. Whether as nomadic tribes, hunter-gatherers, or agriculturalists, group cooperation and the joint effort of many helped enable most individuals to achieve a safer, healthier, and more prosperous existence than would ever have been possible alone. The phenomenon of leadership in one form or another almost certainly arose naturally, because human
societies traditionally exhibit group dynamics substantially based social hierarchies and on the relative authority of those highest in social status over those lower in social status (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005)."
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Marcus Rediker's "Villains of All Nations", 2008.
Evaluates historian Marcus Rediker's book about pirates, "Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age" and the phenomenon these pirates represent.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike most historians, Marcus Rediker in his book "Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age" takes a positive view of piracy and what they represented for the period in which they lived. The author points out that Rediker believes that the issue of piracy should not be observed from the damages they caused but rather from social, economic and human aspects, which justify their actions. Rediker offers several arguments; however, they are easily countered by suggesting that the actual motivation of these pirates was strictly connected to the accumulation of wealth and power. The paper states that Rediker's book is a shallow and inaccurate account of history of pirates.
From the Paper
"By discussing the history of the first pirates at sea, the author points out the difficulties they are considered to have suffered especially during the Spanish war when they were sent in battles without their expressed will. In this sense, he considers that the eventual freedom they came to have after the end of the armed conflicts was an equitable reward of the situation. Through this perspective, the author tries to justify their actions from a moral point of view."
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U.S. Foreign Policy After WWII, 2008.
A discussion of the impact of the end of the Second World War on US foreign policy and its international conduct.
1,309 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how the effects of the war determined consequences for the United States that would mark its history for the next fifty years. The paper discusses how the end of the war represented an identification of the two enemies: the capitalist and the communist systems of government. The paper further discusses the creation of the United Nations and the American acceptance of the role of the leader of the free world. The paper also looks at America's engagement in the European affairs and in the nuclear race for the next half a century.
From the Paper
"After the end of the war and once the establishment of the communist rule across the Eastern part of Europe and large parts of the world in general, it came apparent that an eventual clash of doctrines and political system would emerge (Kissinger, 1995). From this point of view, it can be said that the start of the Cold War determined the way in which foreign relations and internal structures would be shaped. More precisely, once the Yalta discussions had taken place it was rather obvious for the US Administration as well as for the rest of the Western bloc that Stalin would try to impose the communist rule over most of the European continent in a quest for supremacy."
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Sir Isaac Newton, 2008.
A discussion of the philosophical views of Sir Isaac Newton and how they are connected to his scientific accomplishments..
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Sir Isaac Newton's vast scientific accomplishments and his philosophical views are essentially inseparable. Newton rests the entire foundation of his scientific discoveries on the existence of a moral order in the universe, which he believed was tempered and led by an omnipotent and omniscient force. The author points out that one of Newton's more curious philosophical efforts was to extract scientific information about the universe from the Bible. The paper discusses Newton's conception of the moral hierarchy.
From the Paper
"Newton viewed God as the masterful creator of the universe. In the face of the grandeur of all creation, he argued, how is it even possible that man could begin to deny God's existence? God enabled Newton to justify his natural philosophy, thus blurring the line that has traditionally separated science from religion. In explaining his view of astronomy, Newton asserted that it was necessary that there be a force behind it all to make it work."
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Italian Fascism, Nazism and Francoism, 2008.
A discussion of the similarities and differences between Italian fascism, Nazism and Franco-ism.
3,117 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a review of the literature concerning Italian fascism, Nazism and Franco-ism. The paper shows how despite minor differences, all three of these ideologies were totalitarian in nature. The paper discusses how Italian fascism, Nazism and Franco-ism were merely various brands of dictatorships that attempted to unjustly enrich a select few at the enormous expense of the rest of humanity.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When Americans think of evil people today, Osama bin Laden and his cohorts come to mind of course, but other all-time favorites include Mussolini and Hitler who many suggest were among the most genocidal men in history. The different offshoots of totalitarianism that emerged during the early 20th century and were refined during the crucible of World War II suggest that Mussolini and Hitler shared many of the same fundamental views, just as General Francisco Franco's particular brand of authoritarianism also contained some of these ideological elements. Although Italian Fascism, Nazism and Francoism shared some similarities in their respective ideologies, there were some discernible differences as well. "
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