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Emperor Worship, 2008.
An examination of the history of emperor worship in Rome and how their rituals changed over time.
3,756 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the historical worship of emperors in Roman culture. It describes the background to their worship of emperors and provides examples of some of the Roman emperors who were worshiped. The paper then follows the trend through history and describes how rituals changed over time. The paper also looks at why emperor worship was so popular.
From the Paper
"The god Apollo was identified with the sun. Hence, the sun, which shines over all of the earth, was perceived to symbolize both the universal king and the central authority. The sun, also called Sol, was believed to ascend in importance with the sky god and even outshone him under certain leaderships. This identification of a ruler with the sun existed in other ancient cultures around the world, such as in Mexico and Bengal. The sun symbol also appeared in Ptolemy's records as it did with the zodiac sign of Leo and the month of August. The symbol was a sign of the projection of ego power, such as Augustus'."
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The Jewish Community within the USA, 2008.
This paper discusses the three waves of Jewiss immigrants to the U.S.A. and looks at the Jewish community as one of the strongest and most important ethnic-religious communities in America.
1,767 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that understanding America is directly linked to understanding its mosaic of ethnic, religious and racial groups living and working together. The writer discusses that one of the most important groups is the Jewish community, which has made enormous contributions to the development and evolution of America. The writer looks at the three separate waves of Jewish immigrants to the U.S.A. and studies the modern Jewish community in the U.S.A. The writer concludes that the particularity of the Jewish community is the result of the interaction between the informal environment, i.e. family, and the formal, i.e. the rabbi and synagogue, as well as the community's tie to Israel, and its educational, political and social values.
From the Paper
"However, in order to be able to provide a pertinent answer, one must begin with the conclusion, i.e. that Jewish history, is, similarly to American history itself, a succession of waves of migration. Each of these three waves of immigrants came to America in different periods, established in different regions of the country and was contributed to the profile of American Jewry in its own way. The first wave of immigrants was made up of Sephardic merchants who came from Brazil and settled in New Amsterdam; other immigrants from Spain and Portugal followed towards the middle of the seventeenth century and settled in Newport, New Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Georgia and South Carolina. The second wave of settlers consisted of German Jews who came to America in the 1840s in search of economic and social opportunity. They left Germany because of persecution and the failure of their reform movements. The final wave lasted from the 1880s to 1924 and consisted of Eastern European Jews emigrating from Russia, Austria-Hungary and Romania."
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Judaism and Roman Catholicism Comparison, 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts the Jewish and Roman Catholic religions.
2,159 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first provides an overview of Judaism and Roman Catholicism. The writer then presents a comparison of the two religions. The writer looks at Jewish and Roman Catholic beliefs in particular regarding God and Jesus Christ. The writer concludes that Judaism and Roman Catholicism have roots in the same culture and religious history that emerged in the Middle East. Both religions are monotheistic and believe ostensibly in the same God. Both religions share the same Old Testament books of the Bible. The writer maintains however, that in the history of both religions there have been important divergences from these common roots.
Outline:
Introduction: Brief Overview of Judaism and Roman Catholicism
Comparison
The Understanding of God
The Relevance of Jesus Christ
Original Sin
Heaven and Hell
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In other words, sin from the Roman Catholic perspective is the measure of the distance from God or righteousness and this original sin is rectified by the intervention of the Son of God, Jesus Christ. In contrast, Judaism does not recognize the validity or the concept of original sin. In contrast to the Christian view of salvation, the Jewish view is that the individual is not born intrinsically good or bad. The focus in Judaism is on the moral will, which can overcome evil and temptation in the individual. There is a greater emphasis in Judaism on individual action and personal moral perception, compared to the more deterministic view of original sin in Catholicism. "
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Intervention in Kosovo, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of intervention in Kosov and focuses on U.S. and NATO involvement.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the sources of the conflict in Kosovo and the efforts taken by the international community, specifically the United States and NATO, to stem the violence. Furthermore, this work addresses changes that could have been undertaken or what might have been done differently and what steps could be taken in the present or in the future to improve the country and its stability. The writer concludes that while agreements have been apparently reached between the Serb and ethnic-Albanians who both desire to remain in the region, even if it means compromise on each side, it is yet to be seen whether peace in the Kosovo region will result from NATO and U.S. involvement in Kosovo.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Report of Secretary of State Albright
Seven Weeks into U.S./NATO Intervention
Startling Serbs to the Reality of Violence with Bombs
Kosovo Talks Enter Final Phase
Both Albanians and Serbs Desire to Remain in Kosovo
Debate on Possibility of 'Setting Precedent'
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Kosovo is a province of Serbia and is the central area of the old Yugoslavia in which 90% of those in the region are Albanian in their origin with the remainder being Serbs. Under the former government, that of the old Yugoslavia this region was characterized by a great deal of autonomy. However, this autonomy was taken away by President Slobodan Milosevic in 1989 who was seeking what he called a 'Greater Serbia' seeking to secure it through a nationalist campaign. The Kosovo region was the site of a historic and emotionally charged defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1389 and therefore has great significance to Serbian nationalists residing in the Kosovo region. Upon this region, losing its autonomy at the hands of Milosevic a conflict ensued due to the ethnic-Albanian people striving to have their cultural rights restored. The Kosovo Liberation Army, also known as the KLA drove the conflict toward the radical edge through entering violent conflicts with arms and their demand of full independence while simultaneously the Serbs were fiercely determined to keep the province. The United States and NATO entered the situation when hundreds of thousands of ethnic-Albanians were forced from their homes in what was destined to be a humanitarian disaster resulting in refugees strewn across an entire continent."
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Greek Mythology, 2008.
This paper looks at Greek mythology and discusses the Greek system of gods and goddesses.
2,093 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first explains that Greek mythology is a collection of stories by ancient Greeks about their gods and heroes. The writer notes that these stories include myths of the origin of the world, an attempt to understand and interpret the universe and the origin of the world in human terms. Many of these stories have been passed down from ancient times and in more than one version. The writer discusses that ancient beliefs eventually mixed with legends from Greek kingdoms and city-states and myths from other tribes. Together, they evolved into this body of stories that were accepted by most Greeks. These myths were transmitted from generation to generation for hundreds of years in the form of spoken tales. It was not until the Classic Period that these stories were put down in written form. The writer looks at the Greek system of gods and goddesses and concludes that traditional literary mythology reflected an increasing dissociation from actual religious practice.
From the Paper
"The leader was Zeus, the god of the sky, the weather, thunder, lightning, and the father of all mortals and immortals. His wife and sister was Hera. Poseidon, his brother, was god of the seas and shaker of the earth or earthquakes. Athena was the goddess of war, of crafts and of wisdom, the wisest of the gods and goddesses. Apollo was the god of light and order, of both plague and healing who foretold the will of Zeus, his father. His twin sister, Artemis, was goddess of childbirth and all wild animals. Aphrodite, a daughter of Uranus, was the goddess of erotic love. Hermes was the guide of souls in the underworld and the god of sleep and dreams. Demeter, the symbol of Gaia, was goddess of the earth and vegetation. His mother Persephone was a sister of Zeus. Dionysus was th god of madness, frenzy, of wine and the theater. Hephaestus was the god of fire and of the crafts. And Ares was the god of war and the only son of Zeus and Hera. Hades was not among the 12, but he was the ruler of the underworld."
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Mexican Revolutions, 2008.
This paper provides an overview of the Maderista revolution of 1910.
3,055 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes of the Maderista revolution of 1910 and then explores why Victoriano Huerta decided to end the Maderista Revolution. The paper also looks at the role of the Constitutionalists in the Mexican revolution and explains their goals.
Outline:
Causes of the Maderista Revolution of 1910
Why Victoriano Huerta Extinguished the Maderista Revolution
The Constitutionalists
From the Paper
"The principal causes of the Maderista revolution of 1910 included dissatisfaction with the President Porfirio Diaz's dictatorship, the unequal distribution of wealth, and widespread injustice. (Gaceto Consular). Not only did the majority of people lack financial resources, they also lacked any means to exercise political power. (Gaceto Consular). In addition, Diaz's government accepted the involvement of the United States in Mexico's political affairs, despite the power differential between Mexico and the United States, and despite the protests of its citizens. In short, the class issues that plagued Mexico and turned many of its peasants into de-facto slaves were at the root of the revolution."
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The Atomic Bomb and Terrorism, 2008.
An argument that the United States' use of the atomic bomb on Japan was essentially an act of terrorism.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the short and long range effectiveness of the United States' use of nuclear bombs against Japan. The paper relates that the United States defines terrorism as an act of violence against civilians with the intent to change political, military, social, economic or other policy of a government or people. The paper then argues that the United States' drop of the bombs on Japan fits this description of terrorism.
From the Paper
"The use of atomic weapons has never been a clearly defined choice for any nation. Nuclear power yields destruction on a level that is virtually incomprehensible. Two single war-head nuclear bombs were dropped on two cities in Japan and those two cities were leveled. The Japanese had no choice but to completely and utterly surrender to the United States. Those two bombs ended a war. But, at what cost? The truth is that, on some level, the choice to bomb Japan and not Berlin was based upon a virulent racism that coursed through the veins of the United States."
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John Peter Zenger, 2008.
An examination of the impact of the case against John Peter Zenger on freedom of the press in America and the U.S. Constitution.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of John Peter Zenger in 1734. It briefly describes the background of Zenger and of the case that was brought against him. The paper looks at whether the jury decision produced an across-the-board new American policy of freedom of the press such as did not exist before Zenger's arrest. The paper also looks at whether the case had a meaningful effect on the U.S. Constitution.
From the Paper
"At that time in American history, there had been political satires printed often, but they were published by "imperial officials themselves," and not by writers and political opponents. But between the time of the Zenger trial and the Stamp Act, Olsen continues, several fables, satires, "parodied speeches and proclamations" appeared in pamphlets, advertisements, poets' corners and news items, "virtually all of them in opposition to established governments and imperial officials." Of all of those dozens of printed protests and attacks on the persons in elected positions, there was only one, Olsen explains, who was prosecuted for libel, but in time the charges were also dropped against him."
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'The Island at the Center of the World', 2008.
A critique of Russell Shorto's book "The Island at the Center of the World".
1,327 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the book "The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America" by Russell Shorto. The paper explains that the main thesis of Shorto's book is the early history of New York, focusing specifically on the New Netherlands Dutch colony and its influence on the city and state of New York. The paper concludes that Shorto's book is an interesting and informative text on early New York history that offers up information not as common as many other history texts.
From the Paper
"This books contribution to the issue of United States history is great. In fact, it looks at an area of American history that is often forgotten or overlooked, and helps show how the Dutch influence in New York has permeated many things we take for granted today in society, such as using Santa Claus as a Christmas symbol, and how Dutch politics helped influence the Revolutionary War and revolutionary ideals (Shorto 314-315). This book shows how American settlement in New York began as a scheme of the Dutch West India Company to gain control over more land and riches they could export to Europe, and how pervasive these companies were in settling (and subjugating) nations and peoples around the world. We often think that most people came to America to gain religious freedom (and many did), but they also came hoping to find prosperity and even great wealth by discovering new items to export to Europe. New Amsterdam was a settlement created out of commerce, rather than religious survival, and that is an important distinction to remember in American culture and history. As far as weaknesses, if there are any weaknesses in this book, it may be the way the author attempts to "tell a story" in a nonfiction text, such as the beginning when he speculates about Henry Hudson's travels in London. Historians might not approve of this approach, because it cannot really be historically verified, but I think it made the book more interesting and appealing to the lay reader. You do not have to be a student of history to appreciate this book, and that means that it is appealing to more readers and more people may read it and learn more about American history."
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Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2008.
An examination of the impact and necessity of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. It discusses the impact of the bombings from the perspective of the human damage it caused among the Japanese population. The paper then examines the real necessity of a nuclear strike against the war time enemy, Japan, while taking into account the war conditions and the deterioration of the relations between the US and the USSR.
From the Paper
"Finally, there is also the moral issue to be taken into account. There have been numerous discussions over the moral legitimacy of creating casualties and causing death in order to reach peace. More precisely, the use of nuclear technology does not offer the possibility to make clear distinction between combatant and non combatant forces; also, it cannot control its immediate, as well as long time effects. These arguments came especially following the attacks, when the medical consequences became visible. Indeed, there is no moral argument to justify the use of weapons against possible civilians. The nuclear bomb lacks any precision in targeting solely military targets without causing casualties. Although its use cannot be justified from a moral perspective, it can be seen as a means to put an end to a war that had taken millions of lives up to 1945. The impact the attacks had on Japan determined, or at least influenced, the Emperor's decision to surrender unconditionally. In this way, the death of approximately 200 thousand people can be pragmatically viewed as a price for the survival of possibly other millions of people that would have lost their lives should the war had continued."
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Tattoo Removal, 2008.
An examination of the history and current practices of tattoo removal.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of tattoos. It discusses both the application and the removal of tattoos and discusses the different types of tattoos that exist. The paper then focuses on the history of tattoo removal and different types of removal that have been used in the past. It then discusses the quality-switched lasers in particular and looks at current practices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Types of Tattoos
Tattoo Removal
The Quality-Switched Lasers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The initial hindrance of the use of the laser technology was because of the intricacy of their make and their overall magnitude. And the initial designs were also leaving behind color pigments and scars. The excellence of the lasers lies in the fact that they remove the tattoos based on the color pigment used, however, the whole operation has to be done very carefully so that the end result does not leave the skin color darkened then usual. The individual using this technique should also know that there are going to be certain color pigments that will not respond to the laser treatment and hence will not be removed. The focus can be taken into the direction of the introduction and utilization of more secure inks that will have a compatibility with the laser technologies available currently (Adatto, 2004)."
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Henry Laurens, 2008.
A review of the life story of Henry Laurens and the part he played in American history.
1,846 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces and analyzes the biography of Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. Specifically, the paper contains a biography of Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. The paper notes that Henry Laurens was an American patriot and revolutionary hero who was the President of the Second Continental Congress from November 1, 1777 through December 9, 1778. The paper describes Laurens' part played in American history and points out that he was imprisoned by the English for treason, helped form a new nation, fought in the militia, and lost his oldest son in battle during the Revolutionary War.
Outline:
Capture By the British
Lauren and Slavery
Laurens Children
Mepkin Abbey
From the Paper
"His grandparents were French Huguenots who had immigrated to America for religious freedom. His family did well in the New World. Originally, they settled in New York, but his parents moved to Charleston before he was born, and his father was a very successful saddler and merchant. Henry clerked for local businesses from the time he was sixteen, and when he was twenty, he left America for England, where he would learn to be a merchant. He returned three years later, just a few days after his father died and he inherited his estate, and began a long career as a merchant. He prospered in Charleston, mainly trading in rice and slaves, along with planting rice, and became quite wealthy. He also engaged in importing and exporting items, and he had a store in Charleston, as well."
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'Josephine: A Life of the Empress', 2008.
This paper discusses the work 'Josephine: A Life of the Empress' by Carolly Erickson.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the book "Josephine: A Life of the Empress" by Carolly Erickson. Specifically, the paper contains a review and summary of the book. The writer explains that "Josephine" covers the life of de Beauharnais Bonaparte, the Empress of France and wife of Napoleon. She was born Yeyette Tascher in Martinique, and she grew to be one of the most well-known and powerful women on earth. The writer notes that it was not an easy journey, which is one of the things that makes this central character so important and so interesting. How she came to be Empress is almost a fairy tale story, but her fall from grace makes it more of a melodrama and tragic tale of woe. The writer maintains that the author handles both quite well, for the most part.
From the Paper
"Josephine was Empress, but Napoleon never trusted her or loved her completely again. She gave up her lover, but he was still bitter, and he often treated her with cruelty or patronization. He took mistresses, treated her harshly, and criticized her for aging after she turned forty. As Napoleon gained more power, he became more ambitious, more dictatorial, and crueler, certainly to his wife.
"Josephine discovered him with another woman, and he became so furious he struck her and threatened to ban her from his homes. He actually told her that when she was no longer politically suitable for him, he would abandon her, and because she had nowhere else to go, now that she had abandoned her lovers, she stayed on. It was a low point in her life, and in their relationship."
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Abscam, 2008.
An overview of the FBI Abscam investigation with a focus on Congressman John Murtha's involvement.
2,341 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, from 1978-1980, the Federal Bureau of Investigations conducted a sting operation known as Abscam, which resulted in the criminal convictions of politicians in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, as well as a Senator and six members of the House. The paper contends that Abscam was one of the ugliest chapters in modern political history, destroying the careers and reputations of political figures at the local, state and federal levels. In particular, the paper looks at how one political figure who managed to emerge from the scandal relatively unscathed is John Murtha, who is now one of the longest-serving members of Congress. The paper also discusses how historians, political scientists, social commentators and criminologists have long debated whether Murtha should have been more aggressively pursued by the House and by the federal Justice Department.
Outline:
Murtha's Role in Abscam
House Ethics
Criminal Laws Broken?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From Murtha's perspective, he was exonerated. He has long declared his innocence, rightly pointing out that he never accepted a bribe during the meeting (Hannity and Colmes, 2006). Washington Post reporter Jack Anderson, who covered Abscam for the paper, offers a back-handed defense of Murtha, saying he played "perhaps the saddest scene on the secret Abscam videotapes. ... He refused to take the money, but his reason was hardly noble (Murtha: 'I expect,' 2006)." Indeed, one could argue that Murtha's reasons did not have to be noble. In the end, he did not take a bribe and arguably did not deserve to be as aggressively prosecuted as his colleagues, who accepted money."
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Opportunity In Colonial America, 2008.
A review of the evolution of religious tolerance in colonial America.
833 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of religious tolerance in American beginning with colonial America and continuing up until the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The paper looks at how, even though religious autonomy was the primary influence that sparked the first settlers to leave England and establish colonies in the New World, some of these same settlers and their colonies immediately emulated the very principle responsible for their persecution in Europe, by establishing mandatory churches in the new colonies. The paper also looks at how, ultimately, many of the opportunities available only to some during the early colonial period only started to become equally available to all after the Civil War and, in the case of true equality for everyone, these rights weren't guaranteed until the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
From the Paper
"Maryland was the first colony to recognize absolute religious freedom after originally being established by the son of George Calvert, a Catholic convert in England who had remained close to the Royal family, nevertheless. His son, Lord Baltimore intended Maryland as a refuge for Catholics, but refrained from imposing any religious affiliation and welcomed Protestants as well.Shortly before the end of the seventeenth century, the English King had decided to combine the two colonies known as the Plymouth Colony, (consisting of the first descendents of the original Settlers), and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, (consisting of the first descendants of the Puritans), into a single colony to be named Massachusetts. "
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Andrew Heywood, 2008.
A discussion on Andrew Heywood, the political analyst, and his theory regarding George F. Kennan.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Andrew Heywood's analysis of political theory, explaining that it can be used to shed light on the main issues George F. Kennan was arguing in the late 40s and early 50s. Specifically, the paper examines how Kennan's line of thought regarding the Soviet Union, could be placed in a theoretical framework proposed by Heywood. The paper relates that, taking into account Heywood's theoretical framework, George Kennan can be seen as a realist, in light of the content of his "Long Telegram", and his subsequent article entitled "The origin of Soviet conduct". The paper concludes, however, that, still, globalization plays an essential role in shaping the international environment, an influence which makes certain considerations lose their relevance.
From the Paper
"While during the confrontation, the relations between the three allies were seen as relatively stable and profitable for all sides, as the war came to an end serious concerns emerged over the real intentions of the actors involved in the conflagration. The most disturbing signal came from the Russian leader, Josef Stalin who had decided to take control of Eastern Europe and establish the communist system of government. (Kissinger, 1995) This perspective automatically ruled out the possibility of democracy in those states and therefore the threat of authoritarian regimes in Europe was becoming increasingly real. George Kennan, charge d'affaires in Moscow at the time considered a new approach for the foreign policy of the US, the containment doctrine, which advocated isolation from the rest of the world of the Soviet Union. In this sense, he believed, Stalin's need for conflict would not be met, and his internal legitimacy would in time erode which would eventually lead to the demise of the USSR."
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Hitler's Nazi Germany, 2008.
A discussion on eugenics and complicit professionals of Hitler's Nazi Germany.
1,419 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses what the philosophical, racial, political, and economic goals of German doctors and lawyers who were ardent supporters of the Nazi regime had in common with the Nazis, and how the Nazis used these two groups to coordinate their policies in the respective areas. The paper provides evidence to support the answers asserted in this work, which concerns eugenics and the philosophy of racial superiority.
Outline:
Nazi Doctor Supporters
The Legal Profession in Hitler's Germany
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of these children taken from their homes and to various institutions and prisons were murdered. The Nazi's were "expert at the creation of power groups that robbed their opposition of public voice or power. A small tightly knit group of university medical scientists and psychiatrists, who planned and administered the euthanasia killings, dominated university departments, wrote and reviewed articles for one another's journal and never bothered to consult their colleagues." (Sogow, nd) However, there were less than 200 doctors acting as willing participants in medical crimes although hundreds were away of what was occurring in Germany."
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Hitler's Germany, 2008.
An overview of Hitler's Germany including the Nazis, the Gleichschaltung,
the Gestapo and the Schutz-Staffel.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Gleichschaltung, the term used to describe the enforcement of political and military forces synchronized towards the integration of the German society, was attempted by Hitler's Nazis between the years 1933 and 1939. In particular, the paper looks at how the Gestapo and the SS proceeded to implement the Gleichschaltung philosophy and how it targeted nationality, convictions and ages.
Outline:
Abstract
The Gleichschaltung Philosophy
Patriotism
Free Will and a Better Life
The Gleichschaltung Philosophy as Applied by the Gestapo and the SS
From the Paper
"The Germans were an extremely patriotic population and the Nazis exploited people's dedication to their country. They had them believe that the Gleichschaltung was in fact synonym to patriotism and nationalism. Depressed by the stains left upon Germany by the defeat suffered during the First World War and by the Treaty of Versailles, the population believed the encouragements given by the Nazis in regard to the country's economic recovery. Wanting to believe that the Nazis would regain Germany's international pride and status, the population found it difficult to distinguish true nationalism from the "radical and revolutionary implications of the Nazi racialist ideology." "
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Divisions of Buddhism and Judaism, 2008.
A discussion of the transformations that have been seen in Buddhism and Judaism between the conservative and liberal sects of the religions.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, within Buddhism and Judaism, both religions have gone through a series of transformations, most importantly a division between more the conservative and liberal sects. It discusses the history of the transformations and then shows how these divisions are still prominent in the practice of both religions even today.
From the Paper
"A more liberal Reform Judaism came about in the 1840's through ideas influenced by the liberalization of much of the Western world. The origins of Reform Judaism began in German synagogues which proposed a modernizing of temple worship. Much of the extensive Sabbath ceremony was reduced and translated into various native languages rather than Hebrew., along with the removal of "References to the coming of Messiah, the Resurrection of the dead, or the reestablishment of Jewish nationality and the sacrificial rites of ancient Palestine," (445). They believe that Judaism is constantly changing, and unlike their Orthodox counterparts, the Torah needed to be adapted to modern living."
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