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John 6: A Review and Discussion, 2008.
This paper is a literature review concerning the testimonies of John the Baptist in the fourth Gospel as an influential history of Christian theology. Specifically the paper looks at Chapter 6 within the Book of Signs.
19,130 words (approx. 76.5 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The New Testament contains many witnesses to Jesus Christ, but the testimonies of John in the Fourth Gospel have been among the most influential in the history of Christian theology. In the more than eighteen centuries since its compilation, the Fourth Gospel has been the source of intense interest on the part of those who would better understand how the followers of Jesus came to believe that he was the true Son of God and how and why Jesus accomplished his mission on earth. This study provides a review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning the gospel of John, including a survey of the academic literature on the subject since 1948, a description of emerging themes and an assessment of how John 6 is situated within the Gospel. A discussion of Chapter 6 within the Book of Signs and the literary structure of John 6 is followed by a structural analysis of John 6 as a general unit and an analysis of John 6:69 in particular. Finally, a discussion of the context of John 6:69 within the Bread of Life Discourse is followed by a grammatical analysis, a colometric presentation and an interpretation of John 6:69 in the concluding chapter.
Outline:
"The Holy One of God" (John 6:69)
A Survey of the Academic Literature since 1948
Emerging Themes
Situating John 6 within the Gospel
Chapter 6 within the Book of Signs
Literary Structure of John 6
Structural Analysis of John 6 as a Unit
Analysis of John 6:69
John 6:69 Context within the Bread of Life Discourse
John 6:69 Grammatical Analysis Colometric Presentation and Interpretation
From the Paper
"Conversely, those who believe in Jesus believe in the one who sent him (12:44). The christological claim of the Fourth Gospel, then, has become so identified with its theological claim that it is no longer possible to speak of Jesus apart from the one who sent him, and it is no longer possible to speak of God apart from the Son whom the Father sent into the world. In a footnote, Matera also notes that, "This establishment of Jesus as Son of God does not mean that he became the Son of God at the Resurrection. Rather, it signifies his messianic enthronement as the Son of God, as the phrase en dynamei ("in power") indicates. Previous to his resurrection, Jesus was, as the Markan Gospel insists, the hidden Messiah. But once raised from the dead, he is enthroned as God's royal Messiah, the Son of God, so that who he was is now apparent."
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Cultural Evolution vs. Biological Evolution, 2008.
A comparison and contrast over cultural evolution with biological evolution.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the concept of cultural evolution and compares and contrasts cultural evolution with biological evolution. The paper discusses the effect of the historical or cultural environment on the development of cultural evolution and looks at the study of cultural anthropology and the various opinions that exist on the ability for evolution of culture to occur at all.
From the Paper
"The social sciences must take into consideration cultural perceptions, even if these perceptions are biologically in error. The human race has far more in common with one another than it has differences, but culturally individuals have perceived and classified other individuals according to 'races,' including Darwin himself in some of his less enlightened moments. Cultural evolution and anthropology aims to understand how these perceptions have affected human culture, but biological evolution merely takes note of this factual error. Obviously, the biological fiction of race, and the fact that an apparently Caucasian individual can have the genetic material of someone who is African, even if these traits are not dominant in his or her physical configuration, acts as a profound question to the assumptions of our culture. The limits of our own culture challenge the idea that there is a linear, positive progress to cultural evolution of ideas and practices (such as industrialization making the world less habitable). The insight biological evolution provides about race shows that there can be fruitful methodological dialogue between cultural and biological evolutionists, but the two approaches will never study the same discipline, nor can the use the same methods. The biological question: 'Are there races within the human species' is a different question than the cultural query: 'why do cultures continue to subscribe to the divisive idea that there are innate differences between different groups of the human species?""
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Unfinished Nation, 2008.
An overview of the reasons for the outbreak of the American Civil War.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses various elements that ultimately led to the outbreak of the American Civil War. The author explains that the division between the East and West was as important as the North-South divide, as it helped form the foundations of the country today.
From the Paper
"Certainly, the division between North and South was an important aspect of American history, which ultimately led to the American Civil War. However, the division between East and West is almost as important, because it lasted so long, and because it helped form the foundations of the country we live and work in today. It also had origins in racism, but the racism against Native Americans instead of African-Americans. The tensions of Bacon's Rebellion in the 17th century that defined the spheres of white and native influence were never really settled, and whites continued to push Natives off their lands as they moved west. This is one of the most important aspects of this East/West divide, and indicates just how far back in history this divide has existed. Violence between whites and Natives was a constant theme, and at least some people believe it was at least partially responsible for the U.S.'s entrance into the War of 1812. Natives tended to look at the British as protectors, and the British in Canada supported these ties and the Natives' fight against Americans heading westward."
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"The Epic of Gilgamesh" and "Genesis", 2008.
A comparative analysis of the flood myth in two ancient writings, "The Epic of Gilgamesh" and "Genesis".
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the differences and similarities between "The Epic of Gilgamesh", one of the oldest recorded writings from Sumerian or Babylonian mythology, with "Genesis" from the Judeo-Christian Bible. The paper argues that one of the main differences between the epic and "Genesis", is the Babylonian view that the gods are dangerous for mortals, and that their laws are irrational and cannot be predicted by the human mind. For Judaism and Christianity, on the other hand, God is the bearer of righteousness and a symbol of justice and everything that is morally virtuous. Nonetheless, the paper holds that there is a striking resemblance between the two accounts. The paper attempts to provide evidence sustaining the claim that the Mesopotamian account of the great flood is highly relevant to Christianity. It concludes that the myth of the flood is valid and incorporated in Judaism and Christianity and also in the collective conscience of the peoples who did not follow Yahweh.
From the Paper
"The Judaic-Christian and the Mesopotamian systems of belief are in clear opposition. Christianity and Judaism praise respect and obedience for the divinity as evidence of God's greatness and moral righteousness. God is the central figure of the faith system because He represents all that is good and right thus humanity must obey Him; here obedience is understood as a definite obligation. On the other hand, for Mesopotamians, respect and piety are the result of humanity's acknowledgement that it is both mortal and weaker than the gods. In this sense, the two virtues are not moral obligations, but a practical attitude which serves as an acknowledgement of the superiority of nature in terms of its power over humans."
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Creating Multi-ethnic Societies, 2008.
An analysis of the growth and development of Spanish, French and English colonial society.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of colonial multi-ethnic societies. Specifically, it compares the major organizing principles of Spanish, French and English colonial society. The paper discusses these societies' growth and development and - in the English and Spanish cases - their movement toward colonial independence.
From the Paper
"Initially, the colonies were bound by the laws and government of England, and they finally began to chafe at these laws at the end of the 17th century. By now, many other settlers were coming to America from all over Europe, and society was becoming much more of a melting pot. This would continue throughout American history as it continues today. To build a multiethnic society in America, most of the ethnic groups settled in different areas, like Quakers and Germans in Pennsylvania, the French in Louisiana, and the Spanish in Florida. They would be separate at first, but would come together as time and the temperament of Revolution brought them together. Before that, there was infighting and disagreement. Taylor continues, "The colonists bungled their war effort [in 1697] primarily because of bitter political infighting both within and between colonies (Taylor 290). The colonies would have to learn to agree to win a bigger war, and they did that as they came together with a common goal to gain independence from England. It turned out that independence was won, and even though slavery was not outlawed, the country became much more consolidated and multiethnic as a result, and it has remained as such throughout today, although there are still tensions among the races, even as equality is supposed to exist."
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WWII and Working Women, 2008.
This paper discusses how the involvement of American women in World War II led to a dramatic change in the labor force.
1,962 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at government propaganda for recruiting women during WWII. The paper describes the working women's situation during the war and discusses the economic and social changes brought about by women in the labor market. The paper explains that this shift paved the way for the 1950s when a new set of ideas entered American society and seriously challenged the role of women in society.
From the Paper
"America's involvement in World War II generated an immense pressure on the national economy as well as labor shortages that were caused by the demands on wartime industry. This was the moment when the need for labor was at its peak. America needed the female part of the population to enlist for employment, and support the war industry. Women started working in factories building planes, tanks and ships as World War II was a war deeply based on production. The U.S. government realized the contribution that American women could bring to America's war effort; thus the War Manpower Commission started working closely with the media and women's organizations in a collective effort to convince women to join the labor force."
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Forced Sterilization for Population Control, 2008.
A discussion of the forced sterilization of Native-American women by the United States government in the 1970s and of Roma women in the former Czechoslovakia.
2,693 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses forced sterilization as a brutal method of population suppression that is occurring in modern history. It specifically focuses on the forced sterilization of Native-American women by the United States government in the 1970s and of Roma women in the former Czechoslovakia. It describes the background of the issue and the investigations into their occurrence.
Table of Contents:
Sterilization and Native American Women
Targeting the Roma
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Forced sterilization is one of the most brutal abuses of reproductive rights occurring in modern history. The practice, which is often part of racist policies meant to control so-called nuisance populations, has even been widely used by modern, advanced nations such as the United States, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Forced and coerced sterilization was used by doctors employed by the Indian Health Services during the 1970s to deprive thousands of Native Americans the ability to grow their families. Methods ranging from pressure to outright deception were used to control Native American populations and, in some cases, for the doctors to benefit financially. Czechoslovakia used similar methods, and even financial incentives, to force and coerce thousands of Roma women into sterilization procedures as part of a racist government policy that has continued in some form at least until the past few years. Although international pressure and legal challenges have helped stem the practice of forced and coerced sterilization in America, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the racism that allowed for such policies remains a modern challenge in all three nations."
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"White Teeth", 2008.
A review of Sadie Smith's book "White Teeth".
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the novel "White Teeth" by Zadie Smith. Specifically, it outlines and analyzes the most important differences between England in the 1990s and the early 1960s, and the reasons why these differences emerged. The paper argues that the book is about history just as much as it is about relationships. In conclusion, the paper finds Smith's book to be an interesting assessment of family, immigration, and history.
From the Paper
"Immigration is a wedge between people in this story, and that is what it has become in Europe. What is most interesting is the way the immigrants themselves look at their children and their identities. Clara, a Jamaican black, is upset that her daughter's friends are all white, while Alsana, a Bengali, is upset that her sons' girlfriends are all white, as well. Both have different views of themselves and their society, but they both want their children to socialize with their "own kind," even though one married a man of another race, and the other married in an arranged marriage. They want to continue their culture and beliefs, but they left their countries and have come to England to find something more. This indicates the duality in immigrant relationships, and in the relationship between immigrants and whites, as well. There is always tension and mistrust, even in the most well meaning people, and this indicates the outlook throughout Europe (and much of the rest of the world) today. For many, immigrants are unwelcome and treated unfairly, and even for immigrants, they want to live in both worlds, but still do not accept everything about their new countries and the ideals of that country."
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The Japanese-American Internment, 2008.
This paper discusses the experience of Japanese-Americans in the United States during World War II.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the internment of Japanese-Americans was a horrific experience and one of the darkest moments in American history. The paper then provides a chronology of the events affecting Japanese-Americans following the attacks on Pearl Harbor.
From the Paper
"Internment of Japanese Americans was a horrific experience, and one of the darkest moments in American history in that the immigrant commitment to America was ignored, as was the birthright of the children of immigrants who were born U.S. citizens, and interned anyway. So, too, was it disgraceful that the service of Japanese Americans who served in the United States military during World War II went virtually unmentioned for decades following World War II."
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Terrorism: Past Demons, Present Threats and Future Challenges, 2008.
An analysis of presidential and foreign policy decision making regarding the terrorism threat.
6,008 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to examine the causal connection between the foreign policy framework created by post Carter U.S presidents, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. It also looks at the extent to which U.S. presidents' foreign policy approaches set the stage for the emergence of terrorism as a global threat and the measures which enabled terrorist groups to play such an important role in contemporary decision-making processes. In addition, the paper discusses which actions taken by the administrations could have been averted and what would have been the consequences.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Results of the Research, Strengths and Weaknesses of the Approach
From the Paper
"There have been numerous studies done in the area of international relations which have dealt primarily with the issue of the United States as a major power and its influential role in world politics. In fact, it can be said that even the idea of the study of the way in which the decisions taken at the national level manage to influence the international context and the conduct of other nations has been the initiative of scholars from the United States, following the end of the Second World War. More importantly however, the opinions and approaches of the academic world have pointed out the fact that, although the US entered the international political arena at the turn of the 20th century, it has dominated world politics ever since. In this sense, Martin Wight in Power Politics compares major powers along the history and acknowledges the exclusive status of the US in the world. Although his research was limited, due to objective factors, to the period of the Cold War, his analysis in important for the present study because it points out the role the US had in the ideological confrontation with the USSR and sets the historical framework for determining the measures taken by the US administrations in this time frame. "
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The Pentecost, 2008.
This paper discusses who Jesus was, as a historical and religious figure, and the Pentecost, the final act in the story of Jesus.
3,230 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The question of "who was Jesus" is a question that is both straight forward and at the same time ambiguous. On the one hand, everybody knows who Jesus was. Simply, he is whom Christians believe to be the Son of God. On the other hand, knowing who Jesus is beyond this basic understanding is dependent on who one is asking, as Jesus is something different to every person, including between Christians. At the same time, there is the question between who Jesus was as a historical figure and who Jesus is as a religious figure, which is the main focus of this paper. Furthermore this paper asserts that the only reason that Jesus is Jesus is because of the Pentecost.
From the Paper
"According to Johnson, Jesus has become the reason for our patriarchy in society and church and the masculine metaphors used to describe God. However, this is not who Jesus was. It is who he became as a necessity to developing a legitimate Christianity. As at the time of Jesus' death, society (much as it is today) was a masculine society. Jesus' feminine preaching went against this societal way of thinking. It would be impossible for the Apostles to 'sell' Jesus to a following if he was presented in a feminine light. Instead, as a necessity, the Apostles had to frame Jesus to fit into the masculine framework of society. As a result, much of who Jesus was was lost."
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History of the International Monetary Fund, 2008.
A review of the history and evolution of the International Monetary Fund.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from its creation in 1944 and then provides an analysis of its creation, purpose, and function. The paper examines the organization's effectiveness in promoting international cooperation and explains how it maintains orderly exchange arrangements, and then discusses four problems that the IMF has dealt with. The paper also discusses the major transitioning points that caused a transformation of the IMF's policies and then follows with a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Effectiveness of the IMF
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of the IMF really depends on who is being asked. As Stone (2002) emphasizes, "The interests of powerful countries define the parameters within which the International Monetary Fund operates, and the limits of what it can achieve. The IMF is, after all, an international institution, not a supranational one" (12). In reality, virtually all of the stated purposes of the IMF can be viewed as being means to other ends, and the effectiveness of these purposes relates directly to whose interests are being best served. The general goal of encouraging the economic well-being of the entire world, as expressed in clause 2 above calling for more streamlined international trade, is fairly nebulous. Nevertheless, although it is difficult to place a dollar figure on the IMF's overall contribution to global economic well-being, or even to the growth of world trade since its inception, an extrapolation of how well the organization has prosecuted its stated purposes can be discerned from the growth in international trade that has taken place in the interim. "
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"Only What We Could Carry", 2008.
A discussion of the book "Only What We Could Carry" by Inada Lawson Fusao that describes the internment of thousands of Japanese-Americans during World War II.
1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the collection of writings in "Only What We Could Carry," that relate how the Japanese-Americans were interned during World War II. The paper discusses specific memoirs of individuals taken to the camps who convey the injustice they suffered at the hands of the American justice system. The paper talks about the baseless suspicions today after 9/11 and how distorted the American justice system can be when fear governs its operation.
From the Paper
"The internment of thousands of Japanese-Americans during World War II was a major act of betrayal for these people as their own government treated them as if they had done something wrong, when in fact they had not. They were simply rounded up and moved into camps along the West Coast on the fear that they might be loyal to Japan in the war and might therefore commit acts of espionage or simply reconnaissance for Japan. It has been shown clearly in the decades since that these fears were unfounded and that the internment and the associated confiscation of much of these people's belongings and property was an act of injustice, one addressed to the degree possible with apologies and reparation payments long after the war."
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Fall of the Ottoman Empire, 2008.
A discussion of the factors surrounding the fall of the Ottoman empire.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire as a result of many mitigating factors, centralized and weak power in the ineffectual sultanate, nepotism, capitulations, military weaknesses, economic crisis and opposing European development and strength. The paper points out that the empire, which had been marked by extreme pluralism and demonstrative social order, in the face of massive variances of culture and economies in a huge empire faced internal and external strife that eventually toppled it. The development of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun under the auspices of economic power, was demonstrated in technological development and place-based economics, as well as social and religious tolerance. The paper concludes that, ultimately, the Ottoman empire fell because these progressive ideals were disseminated into a culture that demanded adherence to traditions that were archaic and contrary to continued economic and social development.
From the Paper
"European trade agreements were not an unusual economic situation in the Ottoman empire. Many in fact date back to the beginning of centralized development. As a mater of rational congress, individual and state sponsored cooperation was offered to European entities to facilitate profit and the export of goods that were thought essential to Europe and therefore Europeans and their traders were willing to pay well for. One clear example of this is the age old spice trade that could not reach Europe without some transgression across Ottoman lands. (Goffman 181) (Sicker 10) (Barsoumian 174) To some degree the centralization of power also demanded the continued centralization of economic dominance, by the state, so these age old compromises and pacts that were the development of regional propriety began to be seen by the central government as in need of its own official stamp. So, as an extension of the egalitarian manner in which individual principalities and faiths were allowed relative independence the state created trade capitulations to further develop European trade control."
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The Historical Biblical James, 2008.
This paper discusses the apostle James and looks at the 'Book of James'.
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that James was a preacher, a self-taught man who loyally followed his brother, Jesus Christ, and whose contribution to the Bible is the "Letter of James". The writer maintains that there was a historical Jesus, a historical James, and that the two were indeed brothers. From this, one can conclude that James wrote his epistle, and that the 'Book of James' is an authentic letter sent from the author to the Jews of the Diaspora to teach them how to live as Christians. The physical evidence of the ossuary of James simply adds weight to this discussion. The writer concludes that James was a brother of Jesus and he wrote the 'Letter of James', which then came to be seen as the core instructional tract on how to work and live as a Christian.
From the Paper
"While the Bible mentions several Mary's, and at least three different James', thus putting into question which, if any, of the James' wrote the letter, there was only one that was the brother of Jesus. This James is the one that became the head of the Christian church in Jerusalem and thus by extension the head priest for all of the Christian Jews in the Diaspora. Thus, for a letter such as this to have had any real impact, it would have had to have been written by a very powerful man - how else could it have been disseminated? Therefore, the authority of James the brother of Jesus is established as well as the appropriateness of that James in the authoring of the epistle. What then additionally supported the validity of the claim of James to have been Jesus' brother is not the references to that relationship in Mark and other parts of the Bible, but the 2002 discovery of the Ossuary of James."
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"The Egyptian Book of the Dead", 2008.
A discussion of the historical importance of "The Egyptian Book of the Dead".
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "The Egyptian Book of the Dead", writings sealed in ancient Egyptian tombs, which dealt not only with the pleasures of the afterlife, but also with the journey to that other place. The paper points out that this journey was fraught with dangers that must be overcome were the soul to survive to enjoy its eternal happiness. "The Book of the Dead" represented an early attempt to explain these dangers, and also to impart the esoteric knowledge essential to achieving everlasting contentment. The paper adds that the book also furnishes many clues about ancient Egyptian society and culture. It concludes that the book is an early triumph of art and literature, which continues to inform and inspire.
From the Paper
"The many faces of the Egyptian spirit world also related to the Egyptian concepts of daily life and thought that are so well portrayed in the Book of the Dead. Many of the copies of the Book that have come down to us were found in the tombs of high pharaonic officials. Their supplications of the divine are frequently likened to their duties as servants of Egypt's god-kings. For the pharaoh was both man and god, the "good god" who walked the Earth, and afterwards died and rejoined his divine brethren. Egypt, like the netherworld, was a hierarchical and efficiently-managed state with king and officials at its helm. As in the Egypt of this world, the dead expected to enjoy the bounty of their fields and herds, and also the labor of their dependents. Many passages of the Book of the Dead relate Egyptian concepts of the afterlife that are also idealized descriptions of Egyptian life on this Earth. By describing such actions or conditions, the Egyptians perpetuated them in the hereafter: "To copy, to forge, to double, to represent was as if the action or state was always in effect, at least that was the underlying desire." And the world that the Egyptians were re-doubling was in fact the one that they already knew in life. Modern archeologists and historians can use the Book of the Dead as a tool to unraveling the mysteries of Egyptian daily life. The illustrations serve as clear guides to the appearance of the Egyptians themselves, their dress and hairstyles - even the colors they preferred. One can also get some idea of the appearance of Egyptian houses, gardens, and the like. Even the food eaten by the Ancient Egyptians is carefully described in the rituals accorded the deceased - "The roast for the double rib is from the slaughter house, thy retch-bread is from the Wide Hall. As a god is supplied with the offering meal, Unas is supplied with his bread." It is a ritual formula that, nevertheless; makes clear the diet of the Ancient Egyptians and also the manner in which the gods were served in the temples. Egyptian society comes through clearly in amid the religious and ceremonial passages of the Book of the Dead."
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After World War II, 2008.
An examination of the effects that World War II has had on our lives today.
3,820 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the changes that WWII and its aftermath brought to American society. The writer examines the major events and movements of each presidential era following WWII and how each was shaped by the American victory in that war and then in its turn affected all that followed. After pointing out that the wars that the US engaged in after WWII, such as the Cold War, the Vietnamese War and the Korean War, all came to an end, the writer notes that the current war on terror is not so clearly defined, and there is no end in sight. Looking back at WWII and the positive effects that its end brought not only to the US but to its former enemies Germany and Japan, may bring clarity and hope in finding a solution to this war as well.
From the Paper
"The war did have an economic impact that was beneficial in the main and that helped overcome what was left of the Depression. As noted, employment increased to the point where there were labor shortages, and after the war growth in production was encouraged and maintained in a stronger economy. When Truman was considering dropping the atomic bomb on Japan, one argument used for doing so was that it would shorten the war. It was argued that it was not necessary to drop the bomb on an inhabited area, however, and that an appropriate demonstration in an uninhabited area would have the same effect."
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15th Century Geographical Expansion, 2008.
This paper looks at the expansion of geographical boundaries in the 15th century, dealing specifically with the Spanish monarchy and Nicolo Machiavelli's prescriptions of these endeavors.
1,019 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the 15th century represented one of the most important periods in the history of humankind. It marked the start of the quest for new lands and territories, for the discovery of the real geographical boundaries of the world outside the European limits. In this context, the competition between the great powers of the Old World became an essential element in the conduct of their foreign policy, and would eventually shape the new political relations on the European continent. The era of the geographical discoveries coincided with the time of great monarchs, such as Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain who largely supported the endeavors of sailors in search for new land. However, this paper asserts that from the perspective offered by the writings of Nicolo Machiavelli, it can be said that the willingness of the Spanish monarchy to finance such trips resided in their desire to exercise their power and authority over an ever greater state, on the one hand, and over their internal subjects on the other.
From the Paper
"It must be pointed out the fact that the most important expedition financed by Isabella of Spain was that of Christopher Columbus who, in his attempt to reach the Indies, would eventually discover the American continent. (Columbus, 279-80) It is common knowledge the fact that Columbus's claim for the financing of an expedition in the Indies was rejected by the Portuguese and it was only at the court of Spain that he found support for his endeavor. This would prove an essential element for both the evolution of the Spanish crown and for the political interpretation of the actions undergone at the time."
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Adolf Hitler, 2008.
A description of the life of the leader of the Nazis - Adolf Hitler.
3,543 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the life and career of Adolf Hitler. The paper describes his youth and reluctance to join the army, at first. The paper then looks at his political influence in Germany. The paper also looks at his time as chancellor of Germany. The paper then discusses his leadership style and personal characteristics.
Outline:
Introduction
Political and Military Influence
Leadership Style
Characteristics Demerits
From the Paper
"Adolf Hitler was inspired by the concept of Pan German-ism for the combination of "German peoples in various countries in Europe as well as look east for Lebensraum". Hitler annexed Austria in 1938, because the international community was extremely sensitive about the possibility of starting another world war. The annexure of Austria took place without any battle. However once he permitted the aggression of Poland by the German forces, the England and United States boycotted, which ultimately led to the World War II. Hitler then started a movement aimed at removal of Jewish community from German society, in this regarded Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht were implemented in 1935 and 1938 respectively. During the World War II, the Nazis established an intricate and rigorous system to work Jews as slaves and slay them."
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