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A History of Panama City, 2002.
A discussion of the importance of Panama City to explorers since the 1500s until present times.
2,815 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
A look at the discovery of Panama and the beginnings of Panama City. The paper discusses how the city was strategically placed and how, with the canal, it has developed into an important metropolitan city of South America. History of the city since the 1500's is surveyed. The paper deals with the series of foreign rulers and explorers who controlled the city.
From the Paper
"In 1501, Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas discovered Panama in South America, which soon became a major point of dispersal for Spanish conquest and settlement in the New World (Preston 47). But of much greater value to the colonizers at the time was the City of Panama, then the capital of Castilla del Oro (later renamed into the Isthmus of Panama), and discovered in 1519 by Pedro Arias de Avila. The Isthmus served as a passage of advantage to Spanish ships between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and between continents (Preston 46) in their sea exploration and conquest activities. Panama City?s importance derived exclusively from its control of that passage or route (Blouet 726) ? from the City, expeditions set out for the conquest of the Pacific side of Central America up to Nicaragua and that of the entire South American west coast up to Chile (Blouet 729)."
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City of Angels, 2001.
A look at the image of the city of Los Angeles.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the nature of the City of the Angels looking at a very mixed bag of primary sources about the nature of commerce and the city. The paper also looks at how the city has been defined by the nature of 20th century and now 21st century capitalism. It also looks at the way the suburb has been defined by capitalism and the ways in which Los Angeles as a city that cannot exist or be understood in isolation, has also been defined by the economics of suburbs and by the ways in which the bright promise of a city on the edge of the continent becomes so easily tarnished.
From the Paper
"We may borrow an opening line of a famous Russian novel and bend it to our own purposes, we might say that while every city is unhappy in its own ways, every suburb is unhappy in precisely the same way. This aphorism that we have just coined may help us to understand the history of the city of Los Angeles ? although the history of this great American city is in fact one of the most difficult of all urban histories to write. It is difficult to talk about the nature of this city because it is not exactly a city ? if one?s model of a city is a place like New York City that is. But it is also a difficult city to define and to describe if one is attempting to describe it as a suburb. For while in the popular imagination Los Angeles may be nothing more than a suburb (although one imagines that its reputation for being a suburb is one based, again, in East Coast sensibilities), it is not in fact a classic bedroom community. Los Angeles is both suburb and city, both Dream Factory and home, a city of significant and fascinating contradictions."
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Lebanon and Jordan, 2001.
A comparison of these two countries from historical, geographic, political and national points of view.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that even though Lebanon and Jordan are geographically neighbors, their current political and national positions are very different. Their similarities are discussed during Ancient Biblical times of foreign rule. Their present government and leaders are compared and their attitudes towards the politics in the region are analyzed - Israel-Palestine issues. Their levels of religions rule and the basic make up of their populations are also compared.
From the Paper
"Although geographically Lebanon and Jordan exist in the same region, few similarities exist with the two countries, especially in recent history. A limited number of similarities go back to ancient and medieval times. Some general religious and cultural similarities also exist. The geographic features differ significantly. Their governmental structure also differs and therefore their laws and rights diverge. Twentieth century history, geographic features, and economic variances link together to create substantial differences."
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Paradise Fiji, 2001.
A look at how the Western ideals of a Pacific paradise have shaped many of these islands.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which Fiji has been reconfigured by the practices of tourism, the ways in which its biological and natural inheritance has ensured that at least for this one place on earth geography is destiny. The paper examines the demography of Fiji and its population make-up as well as provides a history of the island. It then discusses the effects that tourism has had on the population.
From the Paper
"What does it mean to be a citizen of a small island in the South Pacific? That depends very much on whether one is looking at the problem from the inside or from the outside. While Sigmund Freud might have told us that biology is destiny, in fact it is fact far more probable that geography is destiny. We may see this especially in places like Fiji, which exist in the Western imagination as a place in which the Westerner can reinvent himself or herself. These are places like the Orient that Edward Said writes about, places that have been transformed in the view of the West by our own desires about them and the ways in which they can be useful to us. Places like Fiji can be seen, in significant ways, to be products of Western practices and ideals about colonialist prerogatives, with the only important difference being that while Western nations once conquered undeveloped, ?pristine? lands by force of arms, we now do so by force of the tourist dollar."
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Japan's Dragon Triangle, 2008.
An analysis of how one might go about solving the mysteries of Japan's Golden Triangle.
1,412 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the claims that sea vessels have been recorded missing in Japan's Dragon Triangle for more than 3000 years and how a series of unexplainable events, which are beyond the powers of us mere mortals to create, has led to the development of sensational theories, some of which have even found their way into the folk lore of the Japanese people. The paper then uses the formula presented in Theodre Schick and Lewis Vaughn's book, "How to Think about Weird Things", to try to shed some light on this phenomena. The paper claims that by using the tool provided by Schick and Vaughn, we might derive some logical conclusions and help clear the myths relating to such mysteries.
Outline:
State the Claim
Examine the Evidence for the Claim
Consider Alternative Hypothesis
Rate, According to the Criteria of Adequacy, Each Hypothesis
From the Paper
"Stating the claim is inevitable, as without stating any claim it would be impossible to examine its relevance and credibility. So it is absolutely necessary to state the claim clearly and specifically. Claims which are vague tend to mislead people and draw them away from the real purpose. In our case, of the dragon triangle, it is claimed that: Ships/ Sea vessels have been recorded missing in the triangle for more than 3000 years, huge unexpected waves, seaquakes, whirlpools and sudden change in climate, malfunction of navigational equipments such as compass deviation, non-function of radios and loss of control of vessels so on and so forth."
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The Canadian Arctic Region, 2005.
Looks at issues relating to the Canadian Arctic region including the Northwest Passage.
2,505 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the issues surrounding the massive Canadian Arctic region vary but have a direct impact on sovereignty and circumpolar cooperation of countries with respect to environmental issues. The paper then discusses these issues and how they put Canadian sovereignty at risk. The paper argues that must assert a presence in the Arctic region to prevent damage to a very sensitive and valuable ecosystem. By pressuring the international community not to make the Northwest Passage an international strait, Canada will achieve its goal.
From the Paper
"The idea of military influence in the north was not only seen in this era. The Cold War, in the post World War Two era focused on the two super powers of the United States and Soviet Union. Because of their nearness to one another circumpolarly, the United States developed the Distance Early Warning system, better known as DEW. The DEW system was a development of a series radar station in the far northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast and Alaska. It was set up to detect incoming Soviet bombers and missiles during the Cold War."
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Anaheim, CA, 2008.
Looks at the demographics and crime profile of Anaheim, CA.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes California's tenth largest city Anaheim, located in Orange County and known for its popular theme parks, recreation and sport centers. The author points out that the influx of new industries and migration into the city are requiring a reassessment of the needs of the city and changing perspectives on the approaches to city management. The paper explains the actions that the city should take to prevent an increase in crime.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Safety and Development
Challenges
From the Paper
"As the city becomes more focused on developing its tourism and convention industry instead of the industrial industries of its origins, there is greater emphasis for the development of its land resources for recreation. At the same time, there is demand for greater retail and commercial development. This has led to revisions not only in zoning regulations but also the reallocation of resources to develop transportation and support resources for these commercial and retail developments."
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The Economy of Brazil, 2007.
Looks at the past and present economy of Brazil.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the economy of Brazil has grown dramatically since the Great Depression of the 1930s and the close of World War II in 1945. The author describes that, within the last several decades, there has been tremendous growth in areas, such as the export of minerals, farm products and manufactured goods, and an explosive movement from a basic rural society into an urban giant. The paper states that, with Brazil's geographically ideal location and immense
size, similar to China and India, it could become a leading global economic contender by the year 2050.
From the Paper
"Although Brazil's agricultural base did not expand as fast as its industrial base following World War II, its overall growth was quite substantial, due to an expansion in cultivated land (which continues to this very day as a result of rain forest depletion) from about sixteen million acres in 1920 to more than one hundred and fifteen million acres in the mid 1980's. Brazil also became the world's biggest exporter of sugar products and the second largest exporter of soybean. Today, Brazil continues to export a very large percentage of the world's coffee crop along with large amounts of cocoa and cotton."
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Nigeria, 2007.
A country analysis of Nigeria, especially its economic structure.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the country of Nigeria makes up a good portion of the continent of Africa, it is considered by most geographers and economists as a peripheral country. The author points out that, formally control by Great Britain, the modern history of Nigeria is symbolized by gradual and pervading changes related to its economic, industrial and political systems without an organized past based on its own subsistence. The paper indicates that Nigeria relies mostly on itself for all economic and industrial progress with little dependency on its African neighbors. The paper also describes the agriculture, manufacturing and services sectors of the Nigerian economy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Population
GDP--Gross Domestic Product
Nigerian Economy
Agriculture Sector
Manufacturing Sector
Services Sector
From the Paper
"In Nigeria, most electric power for its industries and cities is provided by thermal and hydroelectric plants. Today, most of the electric power is the result of the Kainji Dam over the Niger River, completed in 1975. The generating stations at this location possess a capacity for generating nine hundred and sixty megawatts, more than half than what had been allocated in the 1980's. However, Nigeria has faced some rather crucial problems connected with its electrical system, for its delivery lines cannot hold the required capacity which has resulted in major power outages and blackouts in some of the major cities."
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The Portuguese Language (O Portugues), 2008.
A linguistic description of the Portuguese language, which ranks in sixth in the overall number of speakers of any language.
2,730 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Portuguese is an Indo-European language, which originated from the Vulgar Latin about two thousand years ago. The author points out that, as Christians conquered the peninsula, a lot of the grammar and words used in Spain and France greatly influenced the modern Portuguese language although the morphology and syntax were only slightly changed. The paper reports that Portuguese is a pluricentric language, which varies from its geographic locations but remains one language. The author describes its phonology, vowels, morphology, syntax, lexicon and pragmatics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Phonology
Vowels in Portuguese
Morphology and Syntax
Lexicon
Pragmatics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Notice that there are actually three ways that one may say, "You make" in Portuguese. Vos fazeis is actually very archaic and is only used in Holy Scriptures or when praying to God. If you dare mention this, people would look at you very weird. It is similar to the use of ye in English which no one uses anymore (I hope not!). Now depending whether one is in Portugal or Brazil, the use of tu and voce varies. In the Portuguese spoken in Portugal, this dialect is considered as an honorable title. The pronoun voce is used when speaking to older people or when showing respect."
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People's Republic of Bangladesh, 2008.
This paper discusses the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bangladesh), especially its economic status.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bangladesh) is located in the northeast subcontinent of India. The author points out that a great geographic disadvantage and advantage of Banbladesh is that a large portion of Bangladesh is formed by the delta of three great rivers, the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna, which frequently flood but leave behind a great deal of fertile soil. The paper underscores that the government of Bangladesh has undergone numerous changes since it independence in 1971. The author stresses that, although its economy has improved considerably since becoming an independent nation, Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. The also paper relates that the Bangladesh economy is quite corrupt. The author believes that, despite its many various downsides, Bangladesh's economic status has a potentially bright future because of its strong economic and trade relationship with the U.S.
Table of Contents:
Historical Introduction
Geography
Culture
Politics
Economics
Current Statistics
Considerations
Personal Thoughts
From the Paper
"According to estimates from last year Bangladesh's GDP is about $330.8 billion, while GDP per capita is $2,200. Taken from the same year the country's estimated real GDP growth rate is 6.1 percent, while the inflation rate is even higher at 7.2 percent ("The World," 2007). Current estimates state that, in order to significantly better the standards of living for its people, the country must experience and uphold a growth rate of at least 7-9 percent (usembassy.gov). Regardless of this statistic Bangladesh has made some very significant economic improvements in the past decade, which is proven by its surprisingly low unemployment (including underemployment) rate of 2.5 percent in 2006. Despite a few big steps in the right direction, however, the economy of Bangladesh still has much room for advancement. In 2006 exports reached about $11.17 billion, but the country imported even more, at $13.77 billion, making the trade balance of Bangladesh quite unfavorable ("The World," 2007)."
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Services in Venice Beach California, 2007.
A discussion of the history, demographics and social capital and welfare services that are available in Venice Beach, California
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the social capital and welfare services in Venice Beach, California. The paper begins by describing the history of the neighborhood of Venice, as well as its demographics. It then looks at the interplay of social systems in Venice and discusses how they show a remarkable community based on social capital, culture and the effects of urban sprawl. It finally suggests that although many programs and services are available to the at-risk population, Venice keeps these members of the community stagnant.
From the Paper
"The interplay of social systems in Venice show a remarkable community based on social capital, culture, and the effects of urban sprawl. By embracing the image of Venice as a colorful bohemian community, the residents have a focal point that undermines homelessness as an unseemly problem, instead describing it as an asset of added diversity in the community (J. Hoffman, personal communication, August 23, 2007). The social capital of the homeless population bolsters the community's reputation as "different" and becomes a unifying attribute for the community members. Jack V. Hoffman, a long time resident of Venice, community activist, and successful broker for Venice Properties expressed, "What makes Venice great is the collision of interests. Social strata and isolation, crime is our best filter, the threat pushes members of Venice closer together" (J. Hoffman, personal communication, August 23, 2007). According to Robert D. Putnam (2000, chap. 1), "bonding social capital supports reciprocity and solidarity in the community." Putnam (2000, chap.1) differentiated between different forms of social capital, multi stranded networks and episodic single stranded: "The gangs are a community of their own and a response to poverty. Everyone fights and then they all go to dinner together" (J. Hoffman, personal communication, August 23, 2007)."
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Race and My Community, 2008.
A paper describing the community of Coeur D'Alene in Idaho.
1,434 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the resort community of Coeur D'Alene and the opportunities available for people wishing to relocate to this area.
Outline:
Overview
Ethnicity in Coeur D'Alene
Education
Outlook
From the Paper
"As settlers began making Coeur D'Alene home during the 1800's, whites were the predominant race. After the discovery of gold and silver, immigrants of Irish, German, and Swedish decent settled the surrounding communities of towns such as; Coeur D'Alene, Kellogg, Wallace, and St. Maries. The mining industry flourished and along with mining, logging and ranching became trades of the settlers also. Currently, these communities are holding onto tradition, but transitioning into resort communities with a firm grip on the future for growth by providing business opportunity for industry to relocate to the 'Right to Work' state. In doing so, it's provided opportunity for building contractors in the construction trade to relocate to the pristine communities of North Idaho to seek their fortune, as Miners did in the 1800's. During this community's transition from the historical past to the future in terms of industry, we are facing substantial growth."
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Cameroon: Unity through Economic and Social Problems, 2008.
A study of the social and economic crises in Cameroon since its independence.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic and social problems faced by the Republic of Cameroon, a relatively young independent country of central west Africa. The paper points out that Cameroon achieved its independence from France and Britain in 1960 and quickly unified into one republic from the separate territories controlled by both France and Britain. The paper posits that because Cameroon is extremely diverse, both culturally and demographically, some would assume that having numerous people groups would hinder the progress of unification in such a developing country. However, despite recent social and economic crises, the people of Cameroon have been able to tolerate the many cultural differences present, and have dealt with a less than desirable economy and a growing AIDS epidemic in a respectable manner. The paper concludes that, despite the problem of ethnic fragmentation and regional divisions spawned by a colonial history, the many ethnic groups overcame a civil war and re-united to grow one of the best economies in sub-Saharan Africa.
From the Paper
"As noted, from the time that Cameroon declared independence from the colonial rule of the French and British, there has been a seemingly never ending line of economic problems, but, Cameroon's independence began with economic success. Although the economy relied heavily on the exporting of agricultural products such as cocoa, coffee, bananas and palm oil, and remained very dependent on French capital, the economy thrived. The role of the French was still clear in much of Cameroon's economic transactions; nearly 60 percent of Cameroon's exports were to the French, and 55 percent of the imported products were from France. This beneficial partnership allowed Cameroon to be known as a success story in light of the rest of the continent's development, and boasted the title of the most prosperous country in Africa (Konings 248)."
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Plate Tectonics in California, 2006.
A study of plate tectonic activity and earthquakes in the state of California.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the tectonic plates effecting seismic activity in the state of California. The paper focuses on the Pacific plate and the North American plate, two adjacent plates moving in opposite directions, which form the San Andreas fault in California. The paper points out that plate tectonics play a major role in the various geological processes found in California, especially in relation to earthquakes and the San Andreas fault. The paper concludes that this plate tectonic activity has brought about much beauty and splendor, while also making the state a very dangerous and unpredictable place to live.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Geology of Plate Tectonics
The San Andreas Fault
Tectonic Activity in California
The Loma Prieta Earthquake
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One important part of the San Andreas fault is known as the Coachella Valley Segment and in June of 1992, the Landers earthquake, measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale, alerted geologists to the potential of a large-magnitude quake somewhere in the Los Angeles area. The Landers quake place much scientific focus on the clustering of quakes and tectonic activity close to the Coachella Valley segment of the fault. Thus, many geophysicists have been increasingly concerned with the high number of quakes and amount of tectonic movement occurring so close together on the northern end of the segment. In 1985, several geological investigators determined that a magnitude 7.5 earthquake along or on the Coachella segment could possibly trigger the so-called "Big One," yet if such a scenario occurred on the next segment north and west of the Coachella segment, the heavily-populated city of San Bernardino could experience massive destruction. In addition, a rupture of this segment could conceivably continue in line past Los Angeles and produce a quake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale (Nance, 1988, p. 174)."
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The Market Environment of Mexico, 2007.
This paper describes the market environment of Mexico, which ranks as the second highest middle income country in Latin America in terms of its gross domestic product.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Mexico has been struggling with a policy of economic structural reform. The author points out that this country has a low inflation rate, which contributes to the increase in middle class credit consumption and to the stabilization of the economy. The paper relates that Mexico is facing an inequality distribution of income with about 50% of the country population living in the area of poverty. The author states that Mexico is a partner to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and belongs to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD). The paper reports that, compared to the U.S. culture, the culture of Mexico rates higher on power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity scales but lower on the individualism scale. The paper includes tables.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Economic Environment
Population
Economic System
Stage of Economic Development
Market Characteristics
Income
GDP
Income Distribution
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism
Masculinity
Consumption Pattern
Inflation, Debt Problems
Balance of Payments
Infrastructure
Cultural Analysis
Elements of Culture
Mexican Culture
Language/Non-verbal Language
Social institutions
Religion
Education
Cross Cultural Comparison
The Product
Adapting to Cultures
Political and Legal Environment
Political-Legal Constraints
Other Types of Legal/Regulatory Activities
Types of Legal Systems
From the Paper
"Since December 1, 2000, Vicente Fox (National Action Party) has won the landslide victory when it was inaugurated as the President of Mexico. It was a historical movement of power from the Revolutionary Institutional Party (PRI) to Vicente Fox (National Action Party). The Revolutionary Institutional Party has held for 71 years with taking the presidency. The current political party NAP has policy toward expanding trade, promoting economic reform, and reducing corruption.
The political environment has been tensed since the presidential election in 2006. "
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Rare Lilies of North Carolina, 2007.
This paper describes the genus Lilium, which is one of the eight endangered species of the family Liliaceae found in North Carolina.
5,820 words (approx. 23.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Liliaceae (Lily) are characterized as being perennial herbs grown from a bulbous root, having leaves that are basal or cauline, often whorled or spiral and sheathing, with a single raceme, or rarely an umbel of solitary flowers as an inflorescence. The author points out that the flowers are perfect, or bisexual, and have flower parts arranged in groups of three sepals, three petals, six stamens, and three fused carpels with a superior ovary. The paper quotes a key description for each species within the genus Lilium found in North Carolina. The paper also quotes graphs for each species which indicates the reason for the rarity and threats, management requirements and economic uses such as being edible, having medicinal and horticultural application. This paper includes many tables, graphs, maps and color pictures.
Table of Contents:
Classification
Liliaceae A.L. de Jussieu
Lilium Linnaeus
Lilium Linnaeus
Lilium Philadelphicum Linnaeus var. Philadelphicum
Lilium Philadelphicum Linnaeus, Wood Lily
Lilium Pyrophilum M.W. Skinner and Sorrie, or Sandhills Bog Lily
Lilium Grayi S. Watson, aka Gray's Lily or Roan Lily,
Lilium canadense Linnaeus ssp. Canadense, aka Yellow Canada Lily,
Lilium canadense Linnaeus ssp. Editorum, aka Red Canada Lily
From the Paper
"Gray's lily is a southern Appalachian endemic that blooms on or around the 4th of July in the balds and forest openings of the Roan Mountain massif of North Carolina and Tennessee. If there is no interbreeding with other Lilium, Lilium grayi may also occupy the higher elevations of the Blue Ridge Mountains, such as the famous Grandfather Mountain in North Carolina, and Mount Rogers and Whitetop Mountain in Virginia. A few populations can be found at elevations lower than 900 meters in streamside meadows along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Alleghany county North Carolina."
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The Hurricane Katrina Disaster, 2008.
An in-depth look at the hurricane Katrina disaster in New Orleans.
2,839 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the factors that could have caused hurricane Katrina and discusses if Katrina was predictable and the likelihood that New Orleans will be hit again. The paper examines this region in comparison to others that have a history of hurricanes and looks at whether the city should be rebuilt on its old location. The paper then discusses the measures that will make New Orleans safer if it is indeed rebuilt.
Outline:
Introduction: Predicting Disaster
Should New Orleans Be rebuilt?
The Extent of Destruction and Future Guidelines
From the Paper
"Past civilizations have always been under the threat of some form of natural disaster. For some we only know of them because of a particular disaster that swallowed up and preserved them, such as the well-known Pompei example in ancient Italy. But in modern times we have the good fortune of knowing a lot more about what causes certain natural disasters, and to this extent we can help prepare certain regions for what inevitably will come their way. Figuring out all the geographical relations that determine a particular region becomes very important, and many areas of science must mesh to convey the full information, statistical or otherwise, of what causes severe weather systems, and to what degree is the pattern predictable. Currently there is increasing concern surrounding the hurricane Katrina disaster in New Orleans, and in general how we can prepare for an increase in tropical storms in this and other critical regions."
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Forest Inventory Methods, 2007.
This paper is a case study of forest inventory methods in New Jersey.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explain that New Jersey is a unique forestry case study because the rapid urbanization of the state resulted in not as much comprehensive information about inventories and methodology being done as in larger states with more forests. The author points out that the state uses interpretation of aerial photos of the entire state to estimate the number, size and species of trees and compare re-photographed and re-measured plots periodically. The paper relates that a major component of New Jersey's forests is the urban forest, one of the most neglected fields in terms of resource management due to budget austerity, poor planning and non-efficient management.
From the Paper
"A piece of knowledge that is useful about the Pine Barrens of New Jersey is the need to calculate fuel load in order to understand fire and how much it can affect the forest. This requires the extensive use of machinery. A Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) device was utilized in conjunction with FIA and other types of data to quantify the fuel lodes of the forest. The LIDAR was recorded at 400 Hz over three areas of 1 square kilometer with transects spaced at 200 meters and along 64 transects also spaced 1 square kilometer apart."
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