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A Southern Woman Author - Flannery O'Conner, 2008. A review of the writings of Flannery O'Conner which reveal the central divisions in the Southern paradigm. 1,638 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 53.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how the most important themes in Flannery O'Conner's stories and characterizations deal with religion and oppression. In particular, the paper discusses O'Connor's story "Good Country People" and highlights how these themes relate to the dichotomies of simplicity and education, as well as oppression and freedom to express, to live, and to feel.
From the Paper "Danny Duncan Collum relates the Southern culture of the 20th and even the beginning of the 21st century, with religion and religion. According to the author, their religious ardor is one of the elements that find specific expression in the writings of Southern authors, and particularly in those of female writers. "
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"A Gathering of Old Men.", 2008. An overview of the book "A Gathering of Old Men", by Ernest J. Gaines. 1,477 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 48.95 »
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel "A Gathering of Old Men" by Ernest J. Gaines. Specifically it describes and assesses how the novel depicts the culture that it is portraying. "A Gathering of Old Men" indicates that even in the relatively modern South, hatred and old ideas still exist. Slavery may have ended in the 19th century, but the residual effects of that institution still follow blacks and whites in the South. The historical context of this moving book illustrates that quite clearly.
From the Paper "Ernest J. Gaines was born on January 15, 1933 on the River Lake Plantation in Louisiana. He worked in the cane fields of the plantation when he was a child, and the setting offers the background for much of his fiction. He says, "Though the places in my stories and novels are imaginary ones, they are based pretty much on the place where I grew up and the surrounding areas where I worked, went to school, and traveled as a child. My characters speak the way people speak in that area" (Bauer). He has written numerous novels and short stories, and almost all of them tell the emotional stories of black people struggling to live in a largely white world, just like this one. He has won numerous awards and recognition for his novels, including a National Endowment for the Arts grant, a Guggenheim fellow, and a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation fellow (Bauer). He is a professor of English in Lafayette, Louisiana, and he continues to write compelling tales about black life and social issues in his home state."
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| Term Paper # 106910 |
temporarily unavailable
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Crohn's Disease, 2008. A detailed account of the background symptoms and treatment of Crohn's disease. 882 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses Crohn's disease and describes the physiology of the disease, relates where it occurs, its incidences, the population groups that are affected and its prognosis.
Outline:
Historical information and background of Crohn's Disease
Brief pathophysiology given showing connection to manifestations, signs and symptoms of the patient
Laboratory and radiological findings of patient
Progression, course, prognosis and sequellae of the disorder
Current research and future trends as related to the studied disorder
From the Paper "The disease affects men and women in equal numbers. There is a strong genetic component to Crohn's, as it seems to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a close blood relative with some form of inflammatory bowel disease, "most often a brother or sister and sometimes a parent or child" ("Crohn's disease," 2006, NIH). Crohn's disease can occur at any age "but it is more often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 30. People of Jewish heritage have an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease, and African Americans are at decreased risk for developing Crohn's disease" ("Crohn's disease," 2006, NIH). "Recently a gene called NOD2 has been identified as being associated with Crohn's disease. "
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The Selma March, 2008. This paper explores the importance of the Selma, Alabama march on the Civil Rights Movement. 1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95 »
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Abstract The paper considers the chronological perspective of the march on Selma, Alabama in the context of the Civil Rights Movement and examines its influence at the time and for the future. The paper shows how the events that started with the first Selma march are essential in the history of the Civil Rights Movement because they resulted in the Voting Rights Act. The paper explains that this was a piece of legislation which increased, to a certain extent, the right of the African-American to go to the polls as well as the scope of democracy promoted by the US constitution.
From the Paper "The Civil Rights movement raised one of the most stringent matters for the American society in the 20th century in particular. Indeed, the issue of the equality between men of different race and color was a crucial matter of the 19th century especially from the perspective of the slavery institution which created the visible differentiation between white and black individuals. However, as the Civil Movement began to emerge and develop resistance movements against the practice of segregation, soon the society came to be attracted in the discussions related to the need for equality and honest and fair treatment of all individuals, without regard to sex or color (Jenkins, 1997)."
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The Black Arts Movement, 2008. Explores today's black arts movement, which includes music, stage, film, television, literature and the visual arts. 2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the black arts movement is an extension of the Harlem renaissance period. The author points out the contributions of black persons to different genres or mediums of the arts in an overall social context. The author also stresses the impact of the black arts movement on all artists, regardless of color, and to the general culture to the extent that today the lines between white and black performers has been successfully blended.
From the Paper "It was a well known fact that, by the time many young black men reached their early twenties, they had been arrested or came of age during incarceration. Rap reflected this, not just in the music, but in the music labels that were born to promote the industry: Death Row Records; Jive Records, Def Jam; Quannum Projects. All depicted labels that told the contemporary black story, and it wasn't a pretty a story. Black community, who had supported and marched with the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., finally began speaking out against the violence message in rap aimed towards black women."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2008. Looks at the grandmother as the linchpin of the African-American family. 2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 75.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, for many generations, African-American grandmothers not only have contributed economically to the family but have been the social fixture through which her family and community maintain their cohesiveness. The author relates that, in recent years, a growing number of African-American grandmothers have become "new parents again" by taking on the sole parenting responsibility for their grandchildren. The paper explores the reasons behind this trend, the historic role of the African-American grandmothers and some of the physical, mental and emotional effects of this next generation parenting role.
From the Paper "However, African-American grandmothers as caregivers are no new phenomenon. Jiminez (2002) did a study in which she examined primary sources such as the testimonies of elderly African-American women who had been slaves. She used their stories, oral histories, biographies, and autobiographies as well as manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940. She discovered certain commonalties between the historical development of African-American grandmothers during slavery and their experience from the second half of the 19th century until today."
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Trans-Racial Adoption, 2008. This paper researches the effects of trans-racial adoption on African-American children. 3,044 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 89.95 »
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Abstract The paper examines the literature that shows how trans-racial adopted children develop more racially related adjustment problems, but that also shows how trans-racial adoption does not prevent or damage the children's self-esteem, relationships or school performance. The paper concludes that trans-racial adoption has been beneficial to some and not beneficial to others. The paper calls for a prompt and appropriate solution to the increasing demand for placement of African American children in need of adoption.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results and Discussion
From the Paper "Trans-racial adoption has been defined as the practice of adopting children from a different race group (Newman 2002). The demand for more loving and skilled homes to provide homes for continuously increasing numbers of orphans, especially African-American children, has troubled policy makers to look for the best solution. The current problems prevent the biological families from caring for these children.
"Many African-American children in trans-racial adoption have been found to suffer from racial identify problems (Neal 2996, Briggs 2005). Other surveys found that these adoptees were generally well-adjusted, developed positive self-esteem and avoided discussing racial issues (Johnson 2003, Newman and Smith 2002)."
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African-American Culture, 2008. A descriptive perception of African-American culture and its relationship to American society. 1,624 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses African-American culture and states that race is about a social construct rather than being biological, since society has a different set of rules for each racial group. Furthermore, the paper states that there is no alternative conceptualization of race that it would advocate, because it is a social construct. This is due to the fact that society has defined what is expected of each racial group, a factor that has nothing to do with biological aspects of being white or black . The paper concludes that despite the struggles, African Americans have contributed to the foundations of American events through culture and music.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights
Music
Conclusion
From the Paper "African Americans are settled in the United States, however some do not receive the same education and treatment as white students due to the fact that they are viewed as a minority race Furthermore, because of their lack culture acknowledgement from teachers, sometimes African American students require educational intervention, which is actually lacking knowledge in their culture even though they have settled in the United States for hundreds of years. "The bar graphs below illustrate the divergent fortunes of America's minorities in terms of living in the best neighborhoods. Asian-American are over-represented (compared to their percentage of all Americans) in every category... particularly in wealthy urban neighborhoods. African-Americans are much less likely to be found in either central cities or suburbia. Hispanics have penetrated the nations best neighborhoods more broadly and deeply than Blacks, but are still woefully under represented in America's landscapes of wealth" (A Racial Summary: Great Info & Bar Graphs). Even though African Americans are still considered a minority group, they have made a historical reputation through culture and music."
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Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion, 2008. This paper reviews the book "The Fire of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion" by Stephen B. Oates. 1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer notes that Nat Turner lead the largest and one of the most successful slave rebellions in American history in 1831, long before the American Civil War took place. However, the writer points out that most of the other facts about Turner's life remain elusive in the eyes of writers and historians alike. The writer discusses that to flesh out the myths and legends surrounding Turner's complicated theology, rebellion, and psychology, 19th century American historian Stephen Oates attempts to provide a speculative history as to the context of the plantation life in which Turner was reared as a slave. The writer looks at how Turner came to view himself as a prophetic figure and lead the fierce rebellion of the title. The writer notes that Oates suggests that Turner was both an extraordinary figure, a man whose rebellion changed the South, but also an ordinary man, who showed amazing courage, intelligence, and brutality in the face of history.
From the Paper "In his book, Oates portrays slavery and the slave community as a totally enclosing institution, with heavy white control upon slave mobility, intellectually and geographically. This partially explains why more blacks did not rebel with Turner, he surmises. He also examines the empowering nature of slave religion, which originated as an instrument of white control upon slaves, but which also acted as a tool of empowerment for some slaves like Turner, who believed that his visions gave him prophetic status and the right to free his people. Religion and Christianity was a double-edged sword for slaves, preaching meekness when transmitted in the voices of slave-owners, but also a gospel of judgment, where the mighty would be brought low by the oppressed, in the name of justice."
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The Evolution of Slavery, 2008. An analysis of the evolution of slavery during the period of the Reconstruction after the Civil War. 965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of slavery in the United States. Specifically, the paper describes and explains the evolution of slavery in the country, especially during Reconstruction after the Civil War.
From the Paper "Just before the Civil War, slaves began to fight for their freedom in rebellions such and John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, that killed many whites, and people in the South began to openly fear the slaves, and they attempted to create more controls for them. "This near hysteria was accompanied by a crackdown on slaves and free blacks, backed by new laws and imposed by state and local authorities, as well as by a resurgence of vigilante activity" (Parish 150). This led to more distrust between blacks and whites, and even more mistrust in their relationships. Whites clearly had the power, and used it to make sure slaves were completely under their control. Slave marriages were not legal, families could be separated at a moment's notice, and often slaveowners were extremely violent with their slaves, beating them and even killing them for the slightest infraction. The relationship between blacks and whites had deteriorated into a relationship based on power and racism, and this would continue even after the Civil War ended and Reconstruction began."
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African-Americans and Criminal Justice, 2008. This paper addresses the racial disparities in the criminal justice system. 1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95 »
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Abstract The paper looks at the ideas of Tonry in "Malign Neglect" where the author addresses the disproportionate number of African Americans in the criminal justice system and maintains that this is due to social biases and preconceived notions as well as disproportionate limitations on the ability of minorities to defend themselves in a money driven legal justice system. The paper looks at Tonry's suggested solutions that tackle the nature of racial disparities.
From the Paper "Tonry in Malign Neglect (1996) explains that the disproportionate number of African Americans in the criminal justice system can in part be blamed on disproportionate applications of sentencing, incarceration and parole, not in the disproportionate development of criminality of minorities. Tonry believes that the war on drugs with all its demonstrative judicial changes is largely to blame as such changes along with the application of tougher sentencing and reduced utilization of parole for minorities based on a along held bias regarding criminality in the population create a disparity that is alarming to say the least. "
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| Term Paper # 106652 |
temporarily unavailable
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Oprah's Impact on Mass Media, 2008. A discussion of Oprah Winfrey, the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history. 1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95 »
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Abstract The paper describes the many accomplishments of Oprah Winfrey that include being a billionaire, an Oscar-nominated actress, a Broadway producer, one who changed the face of daytime television and has brought giving to reality television competitions. The paper shows how Oprah's multi-media success is unprecedented and the fact that she is female and an African-American only make her success more remarkable.
From the Paper "Whether one is a supporter or a detractor of Oprah Winfrey, it is difficult to ignore the fact that she has had a tremendous impact on the mass media in the United States. She is probably the most-recognized television personality, and is certainly the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history. She is a billionaire, the head of media conglomerate, in addition to being an Oscar-nominated actress, "activist, magazine editor, producer, book club sponsor, and radio host." (People). Oprah's success changed the face of daytime television, transforming the talk show format into a forum for serious discussions, both on her own show and with her creation of the Dr. Phil show."
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Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement, 2008. A review of the book "Why We Can't Wait" by Martin Luther King, Jr. 852 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes the book "Why We Can't Wait" by Martin Luther King, Jr. which describes the 1963 struggle for civil rights that climaxed with legislation that ended segregation in the United States. The paper looks at how this book is written in graphic terms, in language that is intended to move people. The paper also points out that the chapters in the book are, in essence, written sermons. The paper then explains why "Why We Can't Wait" is an important document concerning this period of segregation and oppression of black people in America.
From the Paper "In the opening chapter, Dr. King addresses the question, "Why 1963?" and summarizes the many events that brought the emotional crisis which black people had endured to a head. Segregationists were proving the depth of their intransigence. Africa was moving to full independence, yet in much of America neither African diplomats to the United States nor United States Marines were accorded basic human decency. To combat this situation, Dr. King had studied and been profoundly influenced by the doctrine of non-violence, which he discusses in his second chapter, "The Sword That Heals.""
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Article: Jill Smolowe's "A Town Divided", 2008. An analysis of Jill Smolowe's article "A Town Divided". 870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes Jill Smolowe's article, "A Town Divided", about six young African-American male high school students, labeled the Jena 6 by the media, who were arrested and charged with attempted murder in an adult courtroom for beating a young Caucasian male student to unconsciousness. The paper first presents background information about the incident and then takes a look how the article covered it. Specifically, the paper discusses the ethos, logos, and pathos of the articles and concludes that, overall, the article is effective in creating sympathetic feelings for the Jena 6, as the original charges they faced and their initial treatment was definitely unfair.
Table of Contents:
Commentary
Argument Analysis Essay
From the Paper "The argument in this piece is very subtle but obviously clear and seeks to present the six African American males as sympathetic characters, which is the ethos of this article. Only the African American point of view is presented in interviews with some of the accused and their families, with none of the Caucasian participants given a chance to speak or express their side of the story. This logos makes sense when the aim of the article is to humanize one faction in a story, while demonizing the other."
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Self-Definition and Development, 2008. A discussion on the subject of self definition and development with respect to the African-American culture. 750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract The paper relates in descriptive terms the understanding of many African Americans that knowledge, values and principles are necessary to fulfill their ambition of self definition and development. The paper highlights with examples and discussion, the necessity for African Americans to recognize their cultural knowledge, values and principles and to self define or self develop to prevent loss of identity.
Outline:
Essential knowledge
Important principles and values
From the Paper "Knowledge is definitely power, and the knowledge of one's roots and heritage is empowering for the individual of African America descent. In an introduction to an article entitled, Black Homeland Black Diaspora, Drachler emphasizes the importance of acknowledging one's African roots, cultures, and customs. However, Drachler also writes how this knowledge can become quite confusing with the pressure to be Americanized into a universal melting pot. This search for an "identity of wholeness and pride [...] have offered themselves, pointing toward Africa [...] the ancestral homeland" (Draschler 8-9). Drachler lists several "main tendencies" that have been attempted by African Americans to gain self-knowledge and awareness."
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Subversions and Mixed Messages, 2008. An analysis of the contributions of African-American performers
to the minstrel tradition. 1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how the minstrel tradition, although apparently racist, also provided a platform for African-American artists not only to launch themselves into careers in theatre that would otherwise have been closed to them, but also to use the form of the tradition for their own purposes. It looks at how through the integration of African-American musical traditions, the subtle alteration of minstrel imagery, and the addition of protest lyrics which brought issues of race to the forefront, these artists were able to subvert and transcend the very medium which had been created at their expense.
From the Paper "In an article entitled "The Influences of Nineteenth Century African American Music on the Popular Music of South Africa", Robbie Fry writes that "After the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 the number of black [minstrel] troupes grew rapidly. Their appeal was their 'authenticity,' which they promoted in advertisements and exploited in their performances. This authenticity drove the white performers out of the business and opened the doors for many African American musicians and actors" (Fry, 1). Their involvement in the heretofore whites only minstrel scene altered it drastically--and, in fact, they proceeded to use the genre, its images and its traditions for their own purposes, using the platform they were given by white audiences continuing to seek confirmation of the racial order they were so heavily invested in. While Fry admits that the draw of potential financial freedom, away from the harsh realities of plantation life, presented a powerful inducement to join in the minstrel tradition, he also insists that this was not simply a case of African American performers selling out, and giving their white audiences what they wanted. "
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"A Time to Kill", 2008. This paper discusses the social implications of John Grisham's movie "A Time to Kill". 985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract The paper explores how the movie "A Time to Kill" addresses the issues that surround the rape and murder of a young African-American girl, the justice dealt to her white rapist-killers and how the revenge meted out by her father is dealt with. The paper highlights how, with the characters acting as realistic representatives of life in the American South, the movie shows how racist socialization is both widespread and inevitable.
From the Paper "The plot of the movie "A Time to Kill" contains several social implications. Each one of these social factors plays a role in how the movie addresses the issues that surround the rape and murder of a young African American girl, the idea of "justice" being dealt to her rapist-killers, and with how the vigilante justices meted out by her father is dealt. While the protagonist, portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson has clearly committed the act of which he has been accused, his character is more sympathetic than the men that he has killed. The sympathy that his story creates in the minds of both the jury--and the audience--is such that it transcends the actual demands of the justice system."
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