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Saving the Philippine Eagle, 2007.
This paper describes conservation efforts for the Philippine Eagle.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the conservation efforts for the endangered specie, the Philippine Eagle. The paper first describes the bird's appearance and its role in the ecosystem of the Philippines. The paper further explores the reasons for the population decline of the Philippine Eagle. The writer concludes by presenting recent attempts to increase the population of the Philippine Eagle both in captivity and the wild.
The paper includes a photograph of the bird.
From the Paper
"The Philippine Eagle is one of the raptors in the diverse fauna of the Philippine archipelago. The scientific name is Pithecophaga jefferyi but locals call it "Haribon" or "Manaol." It belongs to Class Aves and Family Accipitridae like the kites, hawks and other eagles. It has 2 meters wing span of 2 meters and grows to mature size from 97.6 to 102.6 centimeters. It has been listed in the "critically endangered" list considering there are between 100 to 300 animals left. Tampo (2005) reports:..."
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Relationship Between Nature and Culture, 2003.
A review of the work of John Muir, one of the most respected naturalists of his time.
3,337 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at John Muir, a respected naturalist who influenced greatly both the period of the late 19th century and the environmental policy of the US. According to the paper, the major impact of his work comes as a result of his methodical affirmation on the political scene, advocating a greater attention for the environment and nature in general. The paper reviews his work, "My First Summer in the Sierras" and "The Dharma Bums".
From the Paper
"His work is pure description of the places he encounters in his journey and a depiction of his experience across the country. throughout his book there is a sense of a deeper aim for his writing however, that of drawing the attention on the unwanted exploitation of the Californian sights "...Muir considered himself primarily an explorer; he turned to writing relatively late in life as part of his effort to prevent unlimited commercial exploitation of the California wilderness." (Poupard 239). Thus, he tried to use his writing to integrate his subject in the wider environment of the political scene. "... [Muir] eventually [became] one of the foremost advocates for the growing conservationist movement, and he succeeded in having vast expanses of land designated as national wilderness preserves...Muir was a strident proponent of wilderness preservation who wrote descriptive essays intended to increase public awareness of the beauty of the American West." (Poupard 239). "
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Planktonic Animals, 2006.
A discussion regarding planktonic animals.
856 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at a vast diversity of animals and organisms that inhabit sections of bodies of water, oceans, seas and other known bodies of fresh water. The paper focuses specifically on plankton and zooplankton. The paper then lists various examples of zooplankton and taxonomy.
Outline:
Plankton
Zooplankton
Examples of Zooplankton and Taxonomy
From the Paper
"The most common among freshwater zooplanktons are four major groups of animals: protozoa, rotifers, and two subclasses of the Crustacea, the cladocerans and copepods. The planktonic protozoa have restricted locomotion. They lack the mobility to actively swim. But the rotifers, copepod microcrustaceans and cladoceran, and specific immature insect larvae usually move lengthily in dormant water. Many pelagial protozoa are meroplanktonic, their lifecycle as planktonic animals usually occurs only during summer season. These forms expend the remainder of their life cycle in the sediments, often enclosed throughout the winter period. Bacteria sized water element are common food of many protozoans. Most of the known rotifers are non-predatory. They feed on bacteria, small algae, and other organic matter. Crustaceans are invertebrates that live in water as well as on land and can vary from microscopic to sixty centimeters. They are a large group of arthropods which is around 55,000 species. The most common among crustaceans are lobsters crabs shrimps and barnacles."
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The Oil Industry, 2006.
A look at the history of the oil industry.
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the oil industry. The paper reports that the history of the oil industry dates back to the earliest civilizations of the Middle East. According to the paper, there are inscriptions, that originated from Mesopotamia, describing the use of oil from as far back as 4000 B.C.E. The paper also reports that in the United States, the invention of the kerosene lamp led to the formation of the first American oil company, Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1854.
From the Paper
"The development of the oil industry also took place in many countries outside of the United States. For example, Canada's first oil boom occurred in Ontario in 1867 and in 1947, the great Leduc field near Edmonton, Alberta, was discovered which soon led to Canada becoming an important contributor to the oil industry. In Mexico, oil production began on a commercial scale around 1918 which made Mexico the second-largest oil producer of the early 20th century. Of course, in 1901, one of the first concessions for oil production was granted in Iran and when huge oil reserves were discovered in 1908, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company came into existence and was soon replaced by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1914. "
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Environmental Studies, 2006.
A discussion regarding the work of Rachel Carson and Bruce Babbitt on environmental issues, and how the U.S. government has managed these issues.
3,187 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the books "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson and "Cities in the Wilderness" by Bruce Babbitt. The paper then goes on to discuss how the presidents of the USA have dealt with energy and environmental issues, similar to those raised by Carson and Babbitt in their respective books.
From the Paper
"The Nixon administration was ineffectual at changing the policy, and gradually, the oil embargo ended and gas lines disappeared. In addition, many different public agencies oversaw the energy policy, and that was inefficient at best. President Carter attempted to find alternative energy sources and regulate fuel consumption but Congress would not work with him. When Reagan took office in 1980, he did make some attempts to lower gas prices, but his administration still supported the oil and gas producers more than the people, in fact, his was a decade of close relationships with key oil and gas producers. He even removed the solar electricity generating panels President Carter had installed to help reduce energy costs at the White House. It is clear that the real solution is to raise energy taxes, but no president has been willing to go that far with their policy and thereby alienate many of the people."
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The Caviar Market, 2006.
A look at the history of caviar and the caviar market.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at sturgeon, the caviar eggs and the embargo on caviar trade. The paper also discusses black market caviar trade, as well as, poaching of the sturgeon. The paper further discusses the measures that need to be taken in order to prevent the extinction of beluga sturgeon.
Outline:
Sturgeon and Their Eggs - a Brief History
What is the Latest News Regarding the Embargo on Caviar?
Why is There an Embargo on Caviar?
What About the Black Market, and Poaching of the Sturgeon?
Who Buys the Caviar?
What Should the United States do to Prevent the Extinction of Beluga Sturgeon?
The Future of U.S. Sources of Caviar Could be in Aquaculture
From the Paper
"The California Department of Fish and Game seized 25 pounds of illegal caviar, estimated to be worth $50 a pound on the black market in California. The primary market for the seized caviar was the "Sacramento-are Russian community"; the mother-son team was caught recruiting sturgeon fishermen to catch and sell them over 500 pounds of sturgeon. But the penalty for their crimes was not very severe; each was sentenced to 150 days in jail, although the mother only served 70 days, and the son served 60 days; both performed community service work in lieu of the full jail terms. The mother was also fined $1,000, while the son was hit with a sanction of $5,000."
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Edward Abbey and Barry Lopez, 2007.
This paper analyzes Edward Abbey and Barry Lopez; writers who were passionate about nature and the environment.
3,661 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The paper presents parallels between Edward Abbey and Barry Lopez. The paper discusses how Abbey became a fierce defender of nature and of life and how in his writing, he emphasized his personal belief that opinions without action are pleasant to talk about, but achieve very little in the final analysis. The paper examines how Lopez brings to light the beauty and complexity of nature as it relates to the human life. The paper shows how both writers have entertained, activated and motivated readers towards a better understanding of the world around them. The paper explains that while Abbey was more vocal and aggressive in his approach, both men have earned a valued place in the world of environmental activism in their own unique way.
Outline:
Introduction
The Life, Times and Writings of Edward Abbey
Barry Lopez in Life and Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Edward Abbey was a native Pennsylvanian, having been born in Indiana, PA on January 29, 1927, spending his infancy and early life, as he described it, "(living) at the end of a red dog dirt road"(Duryee). His early life, being the child of parents who were simple country dwellers in the Appalachian hills of Pennsylvania, developed in the young Abbey an intense interest in the irony of the simplicity and complexity of nature, which was much like his own personality. Because of his growing up in an atmosphere of people who embraced nature and the value of all forms of life, Abbey became a fierce defender of nature and of life; in fact, there was a pivotal event in his early life that reinforced these core beliefs and indeed shaped his future."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper discusses how the negative effects of excessive dependence on fossil fuels have been detrimental to the overall climate of the earth.
1,347 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This essay addresses the issues of global warming and society's demand for energy, primarily in the form of fossil fuels. Furthermore, the importance of these issues is discussed, as well as some potential remedies to the problems currently caused by these issues. Although the writer does not propose to solve the problem of global warming and the demand for energy in such a brief space, this paper explores a few scholars' recommendations regarding how these issues should be treated and perhaps remedied. Both international and macro-level prescriptions are recommended as well as smaller, micro-level actions that individuals and smaller communities can undertake to positively affect the issue of global warming and dependence on fossil fuel for energy demands.
From the Paper
"The environment and its protection have become a tense topic recently, even more so than in years past, primarily because of the skyrocketing price of oil and the apparent lack of alternate fuel sources which we are ready to utilize. While many alternate sources of energy have been discovered--wind, solar, hydrogen, nuclear, and many others--none is ready to replace our current demand for fossil fuel. Adding to the issue is the threat posed by global warming, the gradual increase in average temperature across the world; this has been reported to further damage the ozone layer, melt the ice caps, and cause all sorts of environmental havoc such as floods, tidal waves, even the tsunamis and hurricanes that have damaged many areas recently. While the science behind proving that global warming is the direct cause behind all of these troubles, the causal relationship is one worth exploring and which has been at least related to the use of fossil fuels as energy."
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Climate Change, 2007.
A discussion on global climate change and a look at the use of possible alternative fuels.
4,675 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
While it is certain that the practices of mankind are partly to blame, this paper seeks to discover if there might be other, more natural and timeless causes of the global warming that the earth is experiencing at this moment in time. This paper researches and examines scientific findings on global warming and takes a historical look at the earth's transitions in climate and the changes that have occurred historically to the earth, its' climate and the shifting continents upon the face of the earth.
Outline:
Introduction
The 1988 Report of James Hansen - Dir. NASA Goddard Institute
Hansen's Reply (2000)
The Ocean Conveyor and the Gulf Stream
General Consensus of the U.S. Public
-Findings of a Public Opinion Poll - February 2006-
Consensus of the World's Scientists and Government Officials
Regulation of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases- The Kyoto Protocol
Alternative Energy Resources
Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Hydrogen is stated to constitute the "ultimate energy system" of the future according to the scientists in attendance at the Hyforum Meeting in Munich, Germany. Under this stance electricity would be generated through use of solar power or other carbon free energy sources that are renewable and this energy would be used for generation of hydrogen from water to power cars. Stated as the greatest advantage is that there would be no exhaust fumes and no greenhouse gases generated. BMW has plans for production of the first hydrogen powered cars for sale on the market. The problem with this is that the alternative fuel source can only be successful if it is made affordable for the ordinary consumer."
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Environmental Science, 2007.
This paper suggests that environmental science is a good science that is good for the environment, but polluted by politics.
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that lawn mowers may have been designed to make green suburban lawns look prettier, but they are anything but green, in terms of their effects on the environment, because they lack catalytic converters. The writer discusses that the largest lawn and garden equipment maker in the country and a powerful Republican senator are hampering attempts by the federal Environmental Protection Agency and state regulators in California to clean up the way Americans clean up their lawns. Further, the writer shows how the battle over catalytic converters in lawn mowers shows how economics, politics and good environmental policy often come into conflict.
From the Paper
"Lawn mowers may have been designed to make green suburban lawns look prettier, but they are anything but green in terms of their effects on the environment because they lack catalytic converters. Today, all cars must have catalytic converters to protect the environment. This means the dirtiest engines lurk, not in the nation's garages, but in the tool sheds across the land. And the debate over requiring lawn mowers to release the amount of emissions they can release into the environment is eerily reminiscent of Detroit's unsuccessful battle in the 1970s against environmentalists and consumer activists who wanted to reduce the effects of car exhaust upon the environment by installing catalytic converters."
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Phoenix, Arizona, 2007.
An analysis of the scarce water resources in Phoenix and how the city has coped with this shortage.
3,329 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a history of Phoenix, Arizona, with a breakdown of its population, economy and resources. It particularly focuses on how well the city has adapted to its arid geography. It discusses how the residents of Phoenix have come to grips with their scarce water resources and then analyzes how compatible the city's economic activities are with these arid land constraints. The paper concludes by discussing the various types of socio-cultural organizations that have emerged in response to these ecological conditions and the future outlook for Phoenix.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Demographics
Economy and Resources
Socio-Cultural Organizations in Phoenix
Future Prospects for Phoenix
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The same features that have historically attracted new residents to Phoenix can be reasonably expected to remain important to the city's growth in the future. In fact, given the rapidly retiring Baby Boom generation, it may well be that Phoenix becomes one of the five largest cities in the United States over the next 10-20 years. This growth rate is assuming, of course, that the water problems looming large on the horizon for the city can be solved today, because tomorrow will be too late. According to Mack and Varady (1995), "When examining water management, particularly in an urban setting, key issues include quantity (water supply), sewerage (water and waste removal), and quality. All three subjects bear directly on human health, and all are closely interrelated" (8)."
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Energy Trade, 2007.
An analysis of President Bush's advanced energy initiative to reduce the need for energy trade with the Middle East.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the energy trade in the United States. It discusses the increasing need for energy compared to the consumers' decreasing knowledge about where energy is coming from. The paper then discusses President Bush's State of the Union Address for 2006, in which he outlined his new advanced energy initiative, with the overall goal of reducing dependence upon Middle Eastern oil. It then addresses this goal to further advance the use and technology of solar and wind energy resources.
From the Paper
"Renewable energy has been used in various, yet mostly private applications for many years, with ah classic example of the farmer using a solitary windmill to provide energy to a pump that provides water to his fields or livestock or the application of several solar cells on the roofs of homes, either in remote locations where other sources of power are to expensive to obtain or in the city where the novice environmentalist wishes to "get off the grid." Yet, these applications are very limited and the much larger possible applications and the technology that drives them can be rather expensive, in comparison to other forms of energy attainment, especially with regard to initial investment. One of President Bushes stated goals is to reduce the cost of these investments through the development of less costly technologies. Though is a relatively simplistic look at the actual numbers, wind energy, on its own has increased in capacity significantly in the last few years and the same can be said of solar renewable resources."
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Water Conservation, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of individual water conservation.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that every individual must put forth the effort to do her part in conserving water so that there will always be enough for everyone on Earth. It attempts to show how, both positively and negatively, how an individual can make a difference not only on a personal level, but also at all levels from local to national to global.
From the Paper
"The local level is the easiest to effect with individual water conservationist measures as well as having a greater impact on the national and global forums. The reason why is simple; at the local level the individual can participate with changes in daily activities and installing water conservation devices in the home. These changes will have a greater impact due to the lower numbers involved in the micro sphere of the local entity - be it a city or county. At the local level, individuals should be concerned with changing their habits within the areas drinking and cooking, bathing, toilet flushing, washing clothes and dishes, watering lawns and gardens, maintaining swimming pools and car washing (EPA, 1995). "
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The Peregrine Falcon, 2007.
An overview of the peregrine falcon and how it was threatened with extinction.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the peregrine falcon, which has one of the longest migrations of any North American bird, moving some 15,500 miles in a year, from the tundra to South America. In particular, the paper looks at how the US put the American peregrine falcon on the federal endangered species list in 1970 and how, during the past two decades, the bird has made a dramatic recovery.
From the Paper
"The American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) was delisted in the Entire Range on August 25, 1999, with habitat conservation plans underway by numerous agencies in several states, including California, Washington, and New Mexico (Species). On October 05, 1994, the Arctic Peregrine Falcon was delisted in the Entire Range, and at present there are no habitat conservation plans underway (Species). The Eurasian Peregrine (Falco peregrinus peregrinus) is currently designated as Endangered in the Entire Range, however according to the FWS, there are no habitat conservation plans underway, nor refuges reported (Species)."
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The Eradication of Smallpox, 2006.
This paper discusses the issue of the eradication of smallpox from the perspective of environmental ethics.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ethical issues associated with the eradication of any naturally occurring element of the environment, including smallpox, concern the unknown ramifications of this action on the planet for eons to come. The author raises the question that if the eradication of one element, such as smallpox, makes sense, what other biological irritants, such as pollen for the millions of allergy suffers, should be eliminated? Where does it stop? The paper concludes that, because the smallpox virus can be considered a catastrophic biological weapon of terrorism, this virus should be eradicated based on the ethical principle of the good of the many.
From the Paper
"Smallpox is a deadly virus that has existed for centuries. In the past, global smallpox epidemics have killed millions of people, and the virus still hangs on, despite extraordinary efforts to eradicate it. One author writes, "By some estimates, smallpox killed as many as 500 million people during the twentieth century alone, and as recently as thirty years ago, it was still at large in over thirty countries." Officially, the disease was eradicated globally in 1977, but some strains of the disease still exist in laboratories."
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The Hudson River and PCBs, 2006.
This paper analyzes the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the Hudson River.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Hudson River has been characterized as one of the country's worst cases of PCB contamination. The author points out that community residents have advanced two primary issues of concerns about the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) announced plan to remediate the high concentrations of PCBs in the Hudson by dredging the material from the river: (1) the possible re-suspension of contaminants during dredging and (2) the disposition of dredged PCB-contaminated soil. The paper relates that, despite the glaring need for more research to identify better ways of remediating the affected parts of the Hudson River, the fact remains that the industries, which are primarily responsible for the problem in the first place, continue to stonewall by introducing spurious studies they have funded in an effort to delay or avoid any responsibility. The paper includes a table.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Stakeholders in the Hudson River Case.
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other metals such as barium, chromium, aluminum, lead, and manganese are also being released into the Hudson from runoff and discharges points, and are sometimes found at discernible levels in ambient water quality testing in the lower Hudson. During a 14-year period in the late 20th century, researchers found that (a) lead represented 58.5 percent of violations of Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) water quality standards for the protection of human and aquatic life, (b) cadmium for 6.1 percent, and mercury for 4.7 percent, out of a total 2,123 water quality violations in the Hudson River."
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The California Gold Rush, 2007.
A brief analysis of the environmental impact of the Californian Gold Rush.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the Gold Rush was a frenzied surge of greed and power into a beautiful serene land that was virtually without laws. The paper further looks at how people, determined to find great wealth, stepped out of their normal lives and values and plundered the land. It also discusses how California still suffers from the effects of this pollution and devastation.
From the Paper
"Although the small mining towns proved to be a source of jobs for some, there was atrocious racial prejudice on the part of westerners toward, primarily toward Native Americans and Chinese. If there happened to be Native Americans living in the area of a claim, they were quickly driven away from their homes so that a settlement could be established. Although many Indians were employed as paid labor in the mines and diggings, the "Gold Rush incited ambushes, massacres and deliberate extermination campaigns of native peoples in Calfornia" (Project Underground)."
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Air Pollution, 2007.
An analysis of the causes and effects of air pollution on the health of fetuses, adult morbidity and international conflict.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problems that air pollution causes and the effects that these problems can have on the rest of society. It looks at how pollution affects the most innocent of victims, namely, fetuses. It then discusses how air pollution contributes illnesses such as cancer and respiratory problems throughout the world, especially in countries that are rapidly industrializing. The paper ends by discussing an often-overlooked social and international effect of pollution - that of numerous wars and international conflicts that have begun over issues of pollution.
Table of Contents:
Effects on Fetal Growth
Effects on Adult Health
Pollution and War
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to low birth weights, studies have also linked pollution to birth defects. Epidemiologists with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that women exposed to higher levels of pollutants were more likely to give birth to babies with congenital heart defects. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. The scientists theorized that these pollutants damage a fetus's pulmonary arteries, which connect to the heart and the lungs ("Can Polluted Air Cause Birth Defects?" p. 158)."
"In addition to heart defects, some scientists have also theorized that pollutants could contribute to other physical birth defects as well. A 2002 study conducted in California, for example, linked air pollution to higher instances of lip and palate defects ("Can Polluted Air Cause Birth Defects?" p. 158). These findings are bolstered by the growing incidences of cleft lifts and palates in developing countries, especially those with high pollution rates and lax environmental standards."
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Alternate Energy Sources, 2007.
This paper discusses how alternate energy sources are important to global economic stability.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the economic situation of current oil resources, the principles of supply and demand and the need for alternate energy as emphasized by President Bush. The paper discusses how if we want global economic stability, the energy sector requires due attention. The rising demand for oil, its increasing prices and possible depletion of oil resources demand alternative energy sources. The paper contends that other countries should join the US in pushing for economic betterment of their countries and the world in general.
Outline:
Energy Scenario in US and Bush Administration
Economy of Energy Sector
Demand for Energy
Supply of Energy
Demand and Supply Equation
Oil Peak and Search for Alternative Sources
Conclusions
From the Paper
"President Bush has started giving more importance to alternate energy sources. In order to emphasize the need for alternate energy sources he toured advanced energy technology companies in Wisconsin and Michigan. He talked about different energy sources and new options like nuclear energy, solar power and a hybrid gas-electric car. "Overall, Bush's 2007 energy plan calls for a 22% increase in clean-energy research at the Department of Energy. It seeks to invest more in low-pollution coal-fired power plants, solar and wind technologies and nuclear energy" (Benedetto, 2006)."
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