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Toronto's Waterfront, 2007.
A research proposal to examine the issue of waterfront development in Toronto.
1,042 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to examine Toronto's waterfront development and outlines the economic and social implications. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper concludes with the writer's firm contention that Toronto's dilemma needs to be resolved before Toronto can properly call itself a world-class city. A tentative bibliography is included with the paper.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Toronto's tourism industry is a large one that employs literally thousands of Torontonians and contributes many millions of dollars each year to the local economy. Consequently, if the waterfront is not attractive to visitors there is the distinct possibility that they may look to other locations more "in tune" with their aesthetic sensibilities. Secondly, Toronto is a quickly-expanding city that is gradually running out of readily-available land. Because of this, the city will either have to begin purchasing lands adjacent to it - at considerable cost - or it will have to begin finding new areas within its limits that can be utilized for industrial or - just as importantly - residential use. Finally, the topic is important for psychological reasons, as well. That is to say, Toronto is a city eager to show the world that it is a world-class metropolitan center. Clearly, making the waterfront more attractive to outsiders is obviously a first step towards achieving a greater status relative to its American and European counterparts. As a result, the issue is a vital one that any one concerned about the future of Toronto should take seriously."
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Population Growth in Los Angeles, 2007.
This paper analyzes the population growth and expansion in late nineteenth century Los Angeles.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that transportation played a large part in bolstering a sudden population explosion that made Los Angeles a major urban environment. The paper discusses how the railroads held a monopoly on land and transportation that caused Los Angeles to become a magnet for immigrant labor and migrating whites between the 1870s and the 1890s.
From the Paper
"In the 1870s, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company was a major player in "boosterism" within the history of Californian urban development. For Los Angeles, the main aspects of population growth depended heavily on the ability of people to migrate across the country, as well as from San Francisco to the north. The power of Southern Pacific to own land is manifest in its control over this resource for building railroads on the west coast:"
""The Reverend Dana Bartlett, planning advocate and settlement house pioneer, battled the corporate "octopus" of the Southern Pacific Railroad (the largest floodplain owner) to reclaim the riverbed as a nature preserve (Davis 63).""
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Environmental Issues in India, 2007.
This paper discusses India's excessive water pollution and the species in that country facing extinction.
1,656 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that many freshwater sources in India are becoming excessively poisoned with pollutants because of industrialized development. The paper explains that this increased water pollution threatens species that cannot live under polluted conditions. The paper notes the obstacles facing efforts to combat these issues and concludes that ultimate improvements in water quality and biodiversity will only emerge when the short-term benefits of economic development are carefully weighed against the long-term threat of environmental destruction.
From the Paper
"India, like much of the developing world, faces significant environmental issues. In particular, we must consider the twin threats of excessive pollution in water sources as well as innumerable species threatened with extinction. These may seem to be widely different environmental concerns. After all, the loss of biodiversity isn't necessarily related to water pollution--though it doesn't take much to see how it could be. Consider marine life that would be highly sensitive to water-borne pollutants. Equally, extinction rates could climb if fresh water sources were contaminated to the point that they were killing off wildlife. However, there is a more significant manner in which these two environmental issues are connected, and that is through their requisite root cause. I am referring, of course, to industrialization and economic development."
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Brazil's Environmental Issues, 2007.
This paper discusses two of the largest environmental problems in Brazil, deforestation and water pollution.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how deforestation and water pollution in Brazil are linked. The paper explores these issues and examines ways in which these problems could be solved and ideally prevented, such as smaller-scale, sustainable forms of agriculture.
From the Paper
"Deforestation is defined variously as the loss of trees and natural forest habitat either due to conversion to other forms of growth by removing the trees, or to an overall degradation of the forest quality (Wunder, 2000, p. 10). The problems caused by deforestation are huge, falling under the major category of Biodiversity Depletion, since deforestation causes both habitat degradation and depletion as well as the extinction of organisms dependent on those habitats (Miller, 2004, p. 12). Additional problems are caused by both the methods of deforestation and the subsequent land uses following deforestation."
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Urban Culture and Innovation, 2007.
This paper explains how urban culture and society impacted and shaped achievement in science and in technology, especially as discussed by Lewis Mumford.
3,760 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the urban ecosystem in expediting the exchange of ideas, in creating vast local markets for new products, in forcing urban planners and engineers to look at new ways of meeting the pressing exigencies brought about by dynamic growth, and in concentrating human and productive resources in a geographically discrete location so that they can be exploited fully. The author points out that Lewis Mumford relates that, in the early American towns, businesses, in ceaseless competition, sought innovations to stay "one step ahead". The paper states that Mumford argues that the essential "garden city", which incorporates nature into the urban world and vice versa, actually existed in the colonial America of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
From the Paper
"One of the more controversial items Mumford raises in his work is the view that the urban community and the culture springing from it are not simply phenomena intrinsically designed to build human wealth and/or to fulfill basic human needs. Perhaps, at one time, that was indeed the case, but Mumford insists that the modern urban society is pre-eminently one in which the "conquest" of nature and the "control of life" are the chief aims of those who wield power over the productive appendages of the mega-machine."
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A Hole in the Ozone Layer, 2007.
This paper discusses the depletion of the ozone layer and the actions taken to combat this problem.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the overall structure of the ozone layer and how chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs destroy the ozone molecules. The paper discusses how ozone depletion has spread from the Antarctic to various areas around the globe. The paper explores what the world is doing to combat this problem of ozone depletion.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the ozone layer is a band of, well, "ozone" located in the upper atmosphere. More specifically, ozone itself is made up of three atoms of oxygen instead of the much more common two. This band of atypical oxygen molecules is found about 10-50 kilometers above the earth's surface - the numbers apparently vary depending upon the source consulted (Gleason para.2) - and shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation ("Ozone Layer" sec.1-4). The creation, the production, of this band of ozone is complex for those not well-acquainted with chemistry. Be that as it may, it can be said that ozone is mostly produced by ultraviolet light hitting oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms."
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Material Conditions in Hong Kong, 2007.
This paper discusses poor strategic planning and declining material conditions in Hong Kong during the Japanese occupation.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Hong Kong has had one of the most diverse political histories in East Asia. The writer notes that one of the most dramatic political developments in Hong Kong was its occupation by the Japanese during the Second World War. The writer examines why material and social conditions in Hong Kong declined so quickly during the Japanese occupation. The writer argues that these declines appeared to be the result of a Hong Kong's low strategic value and the fact that the Japanese disdain for prisoners and captive populations resulted in neglect or active brutality.
From the Paper
"On the other hand Japanese ideology could have exacerbated this problem. In particular the Japanese saw themselves as superior to people form other countries. The Japanese also had a fundamentally different conception of prisoners of war and how they should be treated."
"To a large degree it can be argued that some of the problems experienced in Hong Kong were the result of Hong Kong's low strategic priority. Mainland China seemed to be a far greater threat then Hong Kong. In particular an alliance between China and the United States seemed particularly problematic for the Japanese."
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Immigration and its Impacts, 2007.
A look at the impact of immigration on the suburban landscape, through an abiotic, biotic and cultural analysis of a region of the Greater Toronto area.
2,008 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "layers of the land" (abiotic, biotic and cultural) in a suburban neighborhood with a particular emphasis upon how issues seen in this neighborhood reflect larger processes currently being experienced in the Greater Toronto Area as a whole. The writer notes that perhaps the most important process being experienced in this area is the interaction between urban sprawl and the "suburbanization of immigration". The writer also points out that the population of the area appears to be in flux, as largely working- or middle-class immigrants of predominantly Asian and South-Asian descent are settling in the neighborhood in greater numbers. In this respect, it is shown how the profound biotic and cultural impacts upon the study area, reflect similar processes underway in the Greater Toronto Area and, in fact, in cities across North America today.
Outline:
Introduction
An A-B-C Analysis
Biotic and Cultural Factors: Conflict and the Suburban Landscape
Critical Analysis
From the Paper
"An abiotic analysis of the region is interesting as it reveals how the built environment of Toronto's suburbia has transformed the natural environment of the region. The weather of the neighbourhood reflects that of the Greater Toronto Area as a whole, and is marked by high seasonal variations from hot, humid summers to cold winters with considerable precipitation. The soil of the region is typical of the soil of Toronto in general in that it is characterized by a thick dark surface and a high proportion of organic matter. This renders the soil of the region particularly beneficial for plants and the growing of crops."
"Surprisingly, however, these abiotic limiting factors which would normally determine the quality and quantity of living things in a given region do not seem to be particularly significant factors in this neighbourhood. Indeed, except for trees, hedges and small plants - usually displayed for cosmetic purposes in residential settings - there is little sign of that the rich qualities of the soil are determining land uses in the area."
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Layers of the Land in Agincourt, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between the abiotic, biotic and cultural layers in the Agincourt area, northeast of Scarborough.
1,952 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies examples of the three different types of layers of the land: abiotic, biotic and cultural (the ABC approach) in the Agincourt area. It focuses on the relationship between those three types of layers. It then investigates how the characteristics of the ABC approach have been manifested in this particular geographical area and determines the level of integration of the various resources through the use of examples related to the ABC approach and how those examples interact.
Table of Contents:
The Area
From the Paper
"As with other areas of the peri-urban zone, it is difficult at times to distinguish what is rural from what is urban in the Agincourt area. Even though the level of urban growth is severely restricted in Agincourt, commercial expansion continues at high cost to the biotic as well as certain cultural elements. The area is a combination of rural and urban, and the priority at this time needs to become the rural. The pattern since the early 1980s is the urban aspect has dominated. In order to preserve the ecological balance between the three different types of layers of the land, what remains of the rural and farmland as well as green areas have to be preserved. The basic problem is found in a scarcity of resources which are overwhelmingly allocated to the urban or development aspect. These resources now need to be directed to preserving the rural part of Agincourt. In this way, the natural life forms or the biotic forms will be able to be sustained. The main focus has to be upon sustainability for the area of Agincourt."
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China and Globalization, 2007.
This paper argues that the globalization of China has resulted in unrestrained economic growth, which has impacted the environment.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in China, increased foreign direct investment, the status as the world's factory, reduced trade barriers and a growing consumer class have contributed to economic growth and improvements in the quality of life; however, this rapid economic development has dramatically altered resource usage patterns at both the consumption and production levels. The author points out that the material impact of China's globalization represents a structuralist analysis, which runs counter to the theories of political individualism and rational choice, which content that, left to its own devices, the market will sort out the environmental damage. The paper argues that the long-term effects of uncontrolled globalization on China and the world will be increased potential political instability as the fight for limited and increasingly polluted resources intensifies.
From the Paper
"As the Chinese economy grows so too the demand for resources to fuel increases in the form of energy sources and raw materials for industrial process and agricultural production. Since China is currently considered the world's factory, producing more than it consumes, the pattern of resource use is especially harmful to China. The nation imports raw materials, exports finished goods, but is left with the pollutants from that production. These pollutants and environmental damage takes on many forms including sulfur oxide emissions, deforestation, water pollution, over fishing as well as pollution from pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial chemicals."
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Public Policy, 2007.
A comparison of United States' public policy on climate change with that of Japan and the European Union.
1,129 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the United States' environmentally clean technology and environmental regulations. It compares the economic output and environmental issues of the United States with that of Japan and the European Union, its closest competitors. The paper also analyzes the United States' public policy on climate change and provides recommendations for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: The Problem with the United States
Policy and Non-Policy Decisions
The United States
Japan and the European Union
Evaluation of Policy in the US versus Japan and the EU
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Of particular importance in the United States is the implementation of new environmental policies that associated an economic cost with the production of GHGs as well as greater investment in research and development in clean energy technology. A cap and trade scheme for carbon is already emerging with state level support through the country, and requires only marginal attention from the federal government in order to make this prudent approach a national policy. As for the development of clean energy technology, the United States has farther to go. In an effort to decrease dependence on foreign oil, there have been subsidies in alternative fuels, but whether or not these technologies are clean has not been a primary concern."
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Social Problems, 2007.
An analysis of the definition of "social problems," looking specifically at poverty and domestic abuse.
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the term "social problem." It specifically looks at criteria for social problems that have been developed by scholars in order to qualify problems as "social problems". The paper discusses the significant institutional problems of poverty and domestic abuse and how they affect American society. The paper also briefly discusses the issues of population, urbanization environment and globalization.
From the Paper
"Another institutional problem that we have studied is domestic abuse. This problem has continued to persist within our society despite national legislation and a variety of local, regional and national agencies to prevent domestic abuse. The problem itself stems from the American Family, although we traditionally think of this American family as being very strong, the reality is that the combination of high divorce rates and greater social complexities in the modern era has created greater strain and tension in the family. In order to prevent domestic abuse, we must start again at the local level. The most important aspect is in using neighborhood watches to ensure that no child abuse is occurring. Agencies and organizations can do little to help unless they are notified, therefore it is up to the local community to identify situations of domestic abuse."
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Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility, 2007.
This paper considers innovation and profitability as an argument for corporate social responsibility (CSR).
4,155 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how companies must be responsive to the needs of the communities in which they compete, in a process termed corporate social responsibility (CSR). The paper provides an overview of CSR and demonstrates through research how, in the course of pursuing CSR initiatives, some companies have developed very innovative products and services that are beneficial to the company's profitability. The paper also points out that the key to a company's success in using any type of innovation to a company's advantage, from the CSR perspective, is to communicate with local municipal authorities, the press and most importantly, the general public.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What do companies owe? Besides the obvious answers of accounts payable and taxes and the like, an increasingly common observation being made among policymakers, the general public and even corporate circles is that companies of all types must also be responsive to the needs of the communities in which they compete in a process termed corporate social responsibility (CSR). According to one observer, "It is clear that society expects much more from companies than simply a well-made product or a reliable service at the right price. Society is becoming less and less tolerant of companies that fail to address their social responsibilities. As a result, corporate social responsibility has become a hot topic in boardrooms around the world" (Stigson, 2002, p. 24). Today, many analysts are recommending a more strategic approach to the corporate social responsibility function by using CSR as a source of innovation (Allen & Husted, 2006)."
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Environmental Challenges, 2007.
This paper discusses the issues of deforestation, water pollution and mining.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the forests of Central and South America are being completely destroyed and causing countless environmental problems. The paper examines what is being done today to combat these effects and shows how efforts are not effective and need to be redirected. The paper concludes that exploiting the land and water to improve the immediate condition of the people is an essential concept of human progress and will likely prove a substantial obstacle for any who attempt to fight deforestation.
From the Paper
"The environmental challenge of deforestation is not a new phenomenon, though it has significantly increased in speed and intensity over the last half a century. (Williams, 2001, p. 30) Deforestation is a foundational environmental problem, which can depending on its severity bring many more environmental problems in its wake. The natural resource of trees has consistently been associated with the progress of the human race, as the wood provides a resource that is diverse and almost entirely free of waste, to help humans develop, build houses, plant crops, make paper and so forth. The problem then becomes how to balance the amount of wood and or land needed with the degradation created by removing it."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of global warming and the world's response to these problems.
2,559 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the causes of global warming and why there is a need for concern. The paper discusses the real evidence that humans are causing climate change. The paper examines China's contribution to climate change and addresses why the United States is so slow to deal with issues related to climate change.
Outline:
What is the Most Recent Science and Why Should Humans be Concerned?
What Evidence is there that Humans are causing Global Warming?
Other events contribute to the continuing dynamic of global warming
From the Paper
"Prior to addressing the issue of how global warming is caused - and the scientific evidence reported in this paper will prove that many of the causes that directly relate to global warming are man-made - it is important to present material that describes what is happening right now and what are scientists saying about the ultimate damage to the earth and its inhabitants that may be the result of climate change (note: "climate change" and "global warming" are interchangeable phrases and concepts in this paper)."
The very latest report from the scientific community about global warming comes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-sponsored network of 2,000 scientists from all over the world who have been studying the Earth's environment since 1988. The IPCC issued its latest findings - the second of a series of four climate change reports - from Brussels, Belgium, early in April, 2007 - and this report received a tremendous amount of attention in the media. The reason why this report received so much attention is that it is predicting that because of ongoing man-made conditions, global warming has now reached a point where there is not stopping it, and the harmful effects of global warming are already in evidence in numerous ways and many places on Earth."
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Brazil, 2007.
This paper discusses the film 'Brazil' by Terry Gilliam.
2,620 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Terry Gilliam's 1985 black comedy 'Brazil' uses a bizarre, crowded, and largely dysfunctional urban environment of the future as a way of commenting on the urban environment of our time. The writer points out that the urban world shown in the film reflects a created culture that never existed but that still has familiar elements that would get a response from anyone today. The writer discusses that this film uses this city as a generic city, standing in for the modern city at a time of social unrest, terrorist activity, and the ascendancy of an authoritarian regime. In short, the writer maintains that many observers might see this film as more reflective of our time than when the film was made, though such a convergence would have to be largely accidental.
From the Paper
"In this view, the organic city has been overlaid with a created landscape, one shaped more by political forces and determined reformers of one stamp or another. In this view, these political forces pushed various populations deemed less important into some parts of the city while allowing and even encouraging white flight into suburban areas. In Los Angeles, the suburbs keep moving further from the city core, first into the Hollywood area and the San Fernando Valley, more recently into what is called Canyon Country to the north, as well as into outlying communities all around the city, such as Santa Monica, Culver City, Alhambra, and El Segundo, and others."
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The Republic of the Congo, 2007.
An overview of the make-up of the Republic of the Congo with particular emphasis on environmental issues that face the nation.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Republic of the Congo. It gives a brief overview of the history, geography, resources, economics and population make-up of the Republic of Congo. It also describes how the poverty of the nation has led to significant social and political turmoil in the land. The paper then focuses on the environmental issues that face the nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Overview
Population
Geography/Resources/Economy
Environmental Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Congo is experiencing numerous environmental issues. Some of these issues include water pollution caused by the dumping of raw sewage, air pollution, and non-potable tap water. All of these issues are of the utmost concern because of the impact they have on both the people of the Congo and the overall environment. However the most serious environmental issue facing The Republic of Congo is Deforestation."
"This deforestation is occurring in the Congo Basin. According to Tsoumou (2007) the Congo Basin is the second largest rain forest in the world. The Congo Basin is composed of nearly 30 percent of the world's entire vegetation, and it covers an area of 470 million acres (Tsoumou 2007). The Congo basin serves as the habitat for nearly 400 mammal species; this is inclusive of the world's largest populations of lowland chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest elephants (Tsoumou 2007)."
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Liquid Natural Gas Infrastructure Risks, 2007.
A risk assessment of liquefied natural gas facilities and the safety standards and technology associated with them.
8,834 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses safety and risk posed by liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities. It specifically focuses on the safety of these facilities in that they are highly visible and make easy targets for terrorist attacks. The paper also discusses the safety standards and technology associated with LNG, particularly following a catastrophic event in 1944 in Cleveland. It describes the environmental effects of a disaster, as well as symptoms of exposure in an LNG accident. The paper concludes with a long-term risk assessment of the future of LNG.
Table of Contents:
The Infrastructure
Risks Associated with Spills
Cold Hazards
Pool Fires
Vapor Clouds
"A Cleaner Alternative"
By-Products of Combustion
Symptoms of Exposure in an LNG Accident
A Matter of Scale and Scope
Long Term Environmental Impact
Disaster Planning and Modeling
Evacuation
Contamination Control
Improving LNG Accident Response
How Real is the Risk?
Potential Scenario from an LNG Explosion in Boston Harbor
The Future of LNG Risk Assessment
From the Paper
"Up until this point, only one real world scenario of an LNG accident existed and it was long ago before recent developments in technology and safety protocol. Other assessments, such as those made by FERC and industry professionals are largely theoretical. They leave too many variables to chance. To accurately assess the real dangers of LNG, there is a critical need for credible, scenario based research. This is the next phase in the research cycle concerning the safety of LNG. If we are to remove the issue from the political battleground, we need more research-based evidence. In the case of LNG, valid research can be difficult due to the nature of the material."
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Industrial Hygiene Report, 2007.
An industrial hygiene incident report concerning a spill from a chemical facility.
2,369 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper follows the sequence of events as recorded when Professional Services Laboratories responded to a hazardous incident a spill incident at a chemical facility. The spill that occurred involved methanol and was the result of an employee who did not follow recommended procedures in the transfer of the substance from one container to another.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Background
Applicable Standards
Survey Method and Strategy
Survey Findings
Conclusions/ Recommendations
From the Paper
"Before entering the area to clean up the spill, the emergency crew took LEL readings of the immediate area in accordance with established company protocols for such an incident. The LEL at that time was 4.2, therefore, the area was deemed safe for entry. Meter readings were taken continuously throughout the initial cleanup procedure as a precaution. Reported levels at 10 minutes after clean u p began were at 1.87. At 20 minutes the levels were at .64. At 30 minutes they were below the detection limit. After all sand was cleaned from the contaminated area and properly packaged for disposal at a Resource Conservation and Rcovery Act (RCRA) approved disposal site, no further LEL readings were deemed necessary. "
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