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Ecofeminism, 2007.
This paper discusses the ecofeminist theory that combines ecology with feminism.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the origins of ecofeminism and discusses the three main aspects of the modern ecofemnist movement; philosophy, political activism and spirituality. The paper discusses how ecofeminism believes that the domination and oppression of women by men is directly related to the mistreatment of the environment. The paper explains ecofeminists' claims that women are suffering more from the adverse impacts of environmental degradation compared to men. The paper shows how ecofeminists attempt to force the international communities to include gender as a perspective for sustainable policy making.
From the Paper
"Ecofeminism is a political and philosophical movement that symbolizes the union of the radical ecology, or what has been called deep ecology, and feminism. "The term ecofeminism was coined by French theorist Francoise d'Eaubonne in 1972, who developed the "Ecologie-Feminisme" group, arguing that the destruction of the environment is due to the profit motif inherent in male power" (Ruether, 2005, p.91). Ecofeminism today has expanded to include the belief that there is a direct connection between the oppression of women, the oppression of 'the others' (through racism, class-ism, ethnic and religious intolerance etc.) and the domination and oppression of nature. Kirk, (2006), points out "how gender, race, class, imperialism and the global capitalist economy are connected to ecological destruction" (p.502). This oppression is twofold: it is ideological-cultural and it is socio-economic. The goal of ecofeminists is to eliminate this oppression and to change the conceptual framework, which is responsible for creating a world in which differences lead to domination."
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Coal as an Energy Source, 2007.
A research proposal exploring the environmental viability of coal as an energy source.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the use of fossil fuels is a threat to sustainability if current usage patterns continue to harm the environment and rely on an uncertain long-term supply. The paper looks at the use of coal and relates that there is an increased potential to exploit this abundant resource in a manner that is sustainable, produces minimal harm to the environment and meets growing energy demands until non fossil fuel energy resources can be developed. The paper discusses potential source material for this research.
Outline:
The Potential of Coal for Meeting Future Energy Needs
Research Guide: Probing the Issue
Potential Biases: Navigating Personal Values and Issues
Potential Source Material for This Research
From the Paper
"One of the most significant environmental issues affecting long-term sustainability is the world's extensive energy use. Despite claims that the world is dependent on oil, the situation is much more pervasive than that. In fact, modern societies are entirely dependent on energy. Fossil fuels are one of the most effective energy resources that civilization currently exploits. Technology and infrastructure for utilizing these resources are far more extensive than for any other kind of energy resource, currently making fossil fuels the preferred choice."
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The Ideal Urban Space, 2007.
This paper looks at Ebenezer Howard's garden city design and the modern conception of urban spaces.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Howard's design concept for the ideal urban space. The paper provides personal definitions of the city and of urban spaces and asserts they are more realistic than the views of Howard. The paper defines the city and its consequent urban spaces by the hierarchilization of resource control and uses Toronto as an example.
From the Paper
"Ebenezer Howard, 1850-1928, developed a significant, if somewhat naively utopian, model for urban planning based on his own specific conception of what constitutes an urban space. With limited formal education, Howard called for the creation of pre-planned cities that would be limited in size and surrounded by permanent belts of agricultural land that would be utilized to foster local independence from national and international markets for food (Reps par. 1). This concept of urban-ness was rooted specifically in sustainability and quality of life issues that Howard believed could be improved by synthesizing a closer relationship between traditional urban and country spaces."
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Waste Disposal, 2007.
This paper explores the three methods of waste disposal: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).
1,416 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the accumulation of waste is an inevitable problem of highly industrialized, consumerist and rich nations, whose economies thrive on producing and creating demand for more products. The paper discusses three methods that are used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle. The paper explains how all three methods are associated with various environmental and economic costs. The paper points out, however, that the 3Rs method of waste management has the greatest potential for growth and improvement.
From the Paper
"Waste is a non-avoidable result of high-technology industrialized economies. We live in a consumerist society that encourages us to shop and acquire more things. Hence more things are produced and more waste is generated. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. "Current waste management practices in Canada emphasize techniques and approaches that avoid or minimize the need for waste disposal" (MacLaren, 371). There are three methods used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle."
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Waste Incineration, 2007.
This paper examines the sustainability of incineration as a form of waste management.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The writer defines sustainability, particularly as it applies to waste management. The paper then examines incineration and its sustainability by examining the environmental, economic and social factors involved andby comparing it to landfills and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. The paper shows how, from the perspective of sustainability, the 3Rs are the best waste management option. The paper concludes that incineration can be a more sustainable solution for waste management if it were considered as a last resort, after the 3Rs, rather than as the optimal solution.
From the Paper
"The topic that I have chosen for this paper is the issue of waste management and in particular waste incineration. There are several reasons why this topic is of importance and why it is of interest to me. First of all it is a very 'hot' topic as we saw recently in the last two months as Toronto was trying to 'solve' its waste problem. In 2000, for example, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. It is also a problem that in increasing literally and figuratively. In Canada for example "non-hazardous waste disposal per capita was 7 per cent higher in 2000 than in 1996" (Mclaren, 373). It is also a global issue - we all produce waste and need a way to deal with it. Finally it is a question of sustainability."
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The Halton Incineration Proposal, 2007.
This paper presents an analysis of the arguments for and against the proposal for an incinerator in Halton, Ontario.
1,942 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issues confronting the proposed incinerator for waste disposal in Halton, Ontario. The paper discusses NIMBYism (Not In My Back Yard), the economic rationale of incineration, the scientific rationale of the incineration process and alternatives to incineration. The paper then provides a comparative analysis of real-world incineration projects from North American and European jurisdictions. Additionally, the paper analyzes the pro and con arguments related to the project. Finally, the paper concludes that these arguments and substantiating data present a strong case in support of the Halton incinerator proposal.
Outline:
Introduction
Planet NIMBY
Disposal Methods and Rationales
Addressing NIMBY: The Swiss Example
From the Paper
"The Halton proposal for the siting of a waste incineration plant shares with other environmentally sensitive projects - such as landfills or nuclear power generation - a particular vulnerability to the phenomenon known as NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard). Since the early 1980s local public opposition to waste disposal projects throughout the industrialized world - in diverse jurisdictions from Europe to the United States - have resulted in the abandonment of many proposed projects to address the waste disposal requirements of our societies (Dente and Fareri 3). The characteristic feature of this phenomenon is that while the majority of our populations continue to produce enormous quantities of waste - as much as two-thirds of a tonne for each man, woman and child in the United States (Course Reader 185) - no one wants projects to dispose of this waste situated in their locality."
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Transportation Policies and Pollution, 2007.
This paper examines global warming, rising oil prices and transportation policies.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the growing amount of carbon dioxide emissions that automobiles release into the atmosphere, causing global warming. The paper also looks at the growing need for less costly public transportation due to high gas prices. The paper then considers doubling gas prices and creating a low cost or free public transportation system that would allow limit air pollution. The paper shows the importance of cities implementing cost efficient and clean forms of fuel within their public transportation policies.
From the Paper
"The current issues surrounding global warming is being directed at the growing amount of C02 emissions that automobiles release into the atmosphere. At the current rate of global warming the statistics relate that the planet is getting 1 degree warmer every year human beings release these dangerous fumes into the air. For the past ten years Earth has been decidedly becoming a warmer place to live. However, global warming does not necessarily mean warmer air or climates, but is usually related to warmer oceans. Some biological experts feel that warmer oceans contributed to the 23 Atlantic hurricanes of 2005, as well as to the reduction of natural habitats for animals near the polar circles that will become extinct if carbon Monoxide continues to melt the ice caps."
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Green Starbucks, 2007.
This paper suggest ways in which the company Starbucks could become more green.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as a very successful company, Starbucks has the opportunity and funds, not to mention the responsibility, to strive towards more ecologically efficient goals in its production and running. The writer discusses that as Starbucks has a mission to develop innovative and flexible solutions to bring about environmental change, the company should be open to the implementation of the following environmental initiatives: moves towards increased recycling of paper cups, sleeves and other products; consideration of more potentially "environmentally friendly" cups such as non-CFC polystyrene; reducing solid waste in the face of reducing landfill capacity via packaging; implementation of split recycling bins in stores and behind counters; bio-plastics for cup lids; and wind energy as a source of power.
Outline:
Introduction
Summary
Analysis
Optimals
Actuals
Purpose Statement
Content: Conclusion
Audience Resistance
Trump Analysis:
From the Paper
"Moves towards increasing ecological and environmental awareness at Starbucks should capitalize primarily on behaving in a more "green" manner in terms of solid waste and also in terms of using a green energy source. Success will occur when already in-place environmental measures are increased or capitalized on, and when new environmental measures are brought in to replace non-green existing structures. The paper cups, the largest amount of solid waste manufactured by Starbucks, consist of a large degree of solid waste, and thus green efforts should be directed towards this. Paper cups should contain a higher percentage of recycled material (as compared to its current 10% composition) or should be changed altogether to be more environmentally friendly - for example, recent evidence suggests that non-CFC polystyrene is superior to paperboard from an environmental standpoint. Recycling of used cups will reduce potential landfill waste, which is a problem across North America. The cup packaging also includes the lid, which could be made more environmentally sound by switching from plastic to bioplastic."
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Waterfront Development in Toronto, 2007.
An analysis of the proposals set forward for improving Toronto's waterfront.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various development alternatives put forward in recent years by Toronto's leaders as they sought to address the city's waterfront concerns. It describes what these policy decisions have meant (or are likely to mean) for the city's tourist industry, for its businesses and for the less-fortunate who find themselves without proper shelter elsewhere in the metropolis. The paper then looks at which of the policy proposals unveiled since the turn of the millennium seems the most promising and "cost-effective" avenue to pursue.
From the Paper
"For one thing, it appears as though policy proposals in the early 1970s focused upon both economic development and beautification concerns, with scant evidence being given to environmental considerations. For example, the 1972 Harbor front Project was an attempt to take the 92-acre site in the western half of the city's "central urban" waterfront and make it into a money-making, mixed-use area. In the early stages, the idea was to turn the entire location into a park, but the evidence suggests that this was gradually de-emphasized as the 1970s progressed. In any case, the Harbor front Corporation which was set up by the federal government to explore what could be done with Toronto's "harbor-scape" was seemingly even less interested in a huge park than were the politicians and the 1980s saw determined efforts to get private business organizations and investors to develop the area."
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Global Warming, 2007.
A magazine article explaining the risks of global warming, especially rising sea levels.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper presents, in the form of a magazine article, a discussion on global warming. It discusses what global warming is and explains the science behind it. It also describes some of the factors that cause or increase global warming. The paper then focuses on rising sea levels, due to global warming and whether they pose a threat to those living by the sea. Finally, the paper provides suggestions for how to improve the situation.
Table of Contents:
What It Is?
Carbon Dioxide - Too Much of a Good Thing
Rising Sea Levels
Polar Ice Melting
Spare a Thought for the Polar Bears
What is to be Done about It?
Plant a Tree Today
Adapt or Die?
What Should You Do?
From the Paper
"From all of the science, it really does seem that global warming and rising sea levels could pose a huge danger to our future survival on this planet. If you think this is true, it's time to start thinking about what you can about reduce global warming. If you live near the coast, buying a lifejacket might not be a bad idea! But seriously, there are things you can do. For example, you can start by selling that SUV and buying a bike. And then use the profit to buy stamps and write your MLA - because all of us need to be doing something about this."
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Transportation Policies and Pollution, 2007.
This paper discusses global warming, rising oil prices and transportation policies.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the environmental issues connected to global warming. The paper suggests that by doubling gas prices in the current markets, the public would need to counteract these costs by using public transportation. The paper explains that the use of public buses would also negate the need for vehicles further polluting the ozone and atmosphere. The paper concludes that with global warming reaching new temperature highs, there is little wonder that many small cities are implementing cost efficient and clean forms of fuel within their public transportation policies.
From the Paper
"The current issues surrounding global warming is being directed at the growing amount of C02 emissions that automobiles release into the atmosphere. At the current rate of global warming the statistics relate that the planet is getting 1 degree warmer every year human beings release these dangerous fumes into the air. For the past ten years Earth has been decidedly becoming a warmer place to live. However, global warming does not necessarily mean warmer air or climates, but is usually related to warmer oceans. Some biological experts feel that warmer oceans contributed to the 23 Atlantic hurricanes of 2005, as well as to the reduction of natural habitats for animals near the polar circles that will become extinct if carbon Monoxide continues to melt the ice caps."
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Environment and Trade, 2007.
This paper explores the links between trade, growth and sustainable development.
779 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper first discusses Jagdish Bhagwati's argument against environmental protections. Next, the paper looks at Herman Daly's belief that countries should be able to determine their own domestic policies and not be dependent on a world market for wealth development. The paper then examines Hilary French's discussion about the role of the WTO, the OECD policy paper on over-consumption and Lester Brown's analysis of the exploitation of natural resources worldwide. The writer disagrees with Bhagwati's intimation that imposing environmental protections is ultimately a moral issue. The writer is convinced that the future of human survival is dependant on dealing with the evidence that trade is dependent on environmental sustainability.
From the Paper
"Bhagwati's first major argument is that trade enables countries to establish environmental controls based on the wealth brought by trade if they are encouraged to specialize (43). Wealth from trade, he contends, also results in ability for countries to import environmental technologies(Bhagwati, 43)."
"The demand for a level playing field in terms of environmental protections, Bhagwati argues, is ignorant of the fact that different countries have differing domestic concerns although may share a common goal (44). Furthermore, that imposing North American values onto other countries may result in trade interruptions undermining the trade system (Bhagwati, 46)."
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"Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems", 2007.
A review of Robin Wall Kimmerer's article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems".
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews Robin Wall Kimmerer's 2000 article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems" and highlights the article's main points as well as how it approaches the broad concept of ethno-ecology. More importantly, the paper also touches upon how the article approaches the linkage of local and/or traditional knowledge of ecological systems with academic and/or scientific knowledge of those same systems. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the aforementioned linkage as it pertains to the future of human beings in the global ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Simply put, Kimmerer's argument is that Native Americans intensively cultivated the land so that it would provide them with sufficient foodstuffs to brave the grueling winter months. While modern-day efforts to restore the ancient biological vitality and bio-diversity of the American woods and ecosystems is a laudable goal, it is not possible without also considering how the natives were able to so successfully manage the world around them. In effect, Kimmerer argues that modern-day conservationists must "heal" their relationship to the land and understand the land spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually. Less abstractly, Kimmerer states that twenty-first century man must adopt the "site-specific" or "diachronic" knowledge which well-served Native Americans in the past and which lends itself to successful local site restoration. "
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Alumina and an Environment Accusation, 2007.
This paper discuses the options available to Alumina, which is being accused of polluting Lake Dira and thus causing leukemia in members of the population living in the area of Lake Dira.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a case against the Alumina company in which a local resident is claiming that the company is contaminating Lake Dira and that her daughter has developed leukemia because of the contamination. The paper explains that the stakeholders in this case include Kelly Bates and her ailing daughter, the public, the EPA, the Alumuna workers, management and stockholders. The author recommends that, because there is no concluding evidence that the child was affected by the contamination five years earlier but there also is no information that completely erases the possibility, the appropriate solution for the situation is for the company to enter mediation with the plaintiff and to publish the findings of their independent study, which indicated that their current contamination levels are far below EPA regulations. The paper relates that these recommendations will present the company not only as an environmentally concerned organization but also as one that intends to respect all consumers ethically. This paper includes an extensive risk analysis matrix.
Table of Contents:
Key Facts, Regulations and Legal Issues
Values and Stakeholders
Legal Issues and Regulations
Recommended Solution, Ethical Resolutions and Company Values
Week Three Risk Analysis Matrix
From the Paper
"It is apparent that the appropriate solution for the situation is for the company to seek to enter mediation with the plaintiff in the case. There is no evidence concluding that the child was affected by the contamination five years earlier, but there also is no information that completely erases the possibility. Since the child is a victim of leukemia, the chances that the jury will also see the child as a victim of Alumina's violation of EPA standards are high. This is because of the traditional views of juries in which they find favor for victims when they have been affected by the negative actions of corporate America."
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Environmental Economics, 2007.
An analysis of the concepts raised by Jared Diamond in his article, "Easter's End."
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Jared Diamond's article relating the decline and fall of the Easter Island Polynesians, "Easter's End." The paper examines Diamond's use of the Easter Island example as a moral illustration for contemporary society and what will happen if it persists in its unmitigated consumptive habits. It discusses the points that Diamond makes and the lessons that he attempts to teach his readers.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Point and Hypothesis
Hypothesis and Theory
Evidence
Validity of Assumptions
Policy Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"This is a different perspective then. Where Diamond is accusatory of the state and its economic model as being implicitly responsible for the environmental destruction of Easter Island, other researchers view the state and the political apparatus as an integral part of the solution. That is, where human kind and human nature deserve at least as much of the responsibility for the environmental destruction as the economic model. The primary recommendation is that economic policies founded in the principles of sustainable development should aligned with the political apparatus which governs the broader society."
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Urban and Suburban Sprawl, 2007.
This paper researches urban development in Washtenaw County, Michigan.
7,467 words (approx. 29.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 164.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the impact of urban growth in Washtenaw County and looks at the perspectives of developers active within this region. The paper examines how perceptions of community members, organizations seeking to preserve rural and semi-rural environments and developers are frequently in conflict. The paper's research shows how planning and community integration within the development process can result in a desirable and permanent environment for all community members.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Background
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Methodology
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Sprawl is typically designated as the uncontrolled or unplanned spread of development from a central, heavily-populated location; recent investigation into the concept of urban and suburban sprawl suggests that sprawl can occur even when aggressive planning has taken place. Political figures and community leaders in Washtenaw County in Michigan have mounted an aggressive grassroots campaign designed to promote community-based development and preservation of open space and farmland. Regulatory efforts that are designed to limit or control development in undeveloped areas are seen as beneficial by homeowners seeking to live in residential areas, but developers and industrialists suggest that regulation does not take into account the benefits of development or that development can be accomplished using sensible use practices."
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Journalism and Environmental Issues, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts three articles on the subject of media coverage of environmental issues.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the mainstream media in the United States is falling short in its responsibility to provide full disclosure about the environmental issues facing our society. The paper summarizes the findings of three articles; "NY Times Editorial Op-Ed Heat Wave Hype Melts under Scrutiny" by Marc Morano, "Defamation as a Tactic: Promoting Global Warming Alarmism by Misleading Readers" by Amy Ridenour, and "Environmentalists Surf Tsunami Tragedy" by Steven Milloy. The paper concludes that people should put their faith more in experts who have actually studied environmental phenomena than in journalists who have little, if any, expertise.
From the Paper
"The first article up for discussion is an article by Marc Morano entitled "NY Times Editorial Op-Ed Heat Wave Hype Melts under Scrutiny". The article basically summarizes Times writer Bob Herbert's contention that recent heat waves which have hit the Eastern United States are the product of (human-made) global warming. As it turns out, Mr. Herbert's arguments for his strongly-worded thesis are predicated upon information he draws from Al Gore's new film, "An Inconvenient Truth" and from other tidbits of evidence that do not stand up to close scrutiny. In fact, Morano's article is chiefly devoted to highlighting how Herbert fails to consider natural planetary evolution as the chief cause of environmental change; at the same time, he refers to the many professional scientists who argue that climactic change in various parts of the world began long before contemporary "greenhouse emissions" took root (the receding of the ice-flows of the Kilimanjaro being one example) and/or who point out that there is no factual evidence for the contention that the world is getting warmer (Morano, para.1-16)."
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Sustainable Development Strategies, 2007.
A discussion of the importance of resource management and sustainable development strategies for the world's drinking water.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for sustainable development strategies, their implementation and technology's role in this implementation. The paper particularly discusses geo-information science and its role in sustainable development. It examines this in relation to concerns about the world's drinking water.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Drinking Water Concerns
African Food/Water Equation
Geo-information Science and Scholarship
From the Paper
"The role that geo-information sciences, and particularly geo-spatial mapping technology, can play in water conservation and usage strategies is virtually unlimited. Already, such organizations as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. is employing geo-spatial mapping that allows researchers to track the degradation of coastlines, water bodies, and water flows over the country's land mass: "EnviroMapper for water is a web-based Geographic Information System...application that dynamically displays information about bodies of water in the United States" (EnviroMapper). Tools such as the EnviroMapper illustrate the integral modeling capabilities of geo-spatial technology that allow researchers and policy planners to effectively control water use and commercial development in affected areas."
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