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Population and the Environment, 2008.
This paper discusses the ecological impact of species' and humans' population growth.
744 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper describes community interactions between and among species that affects their continued viability. The paper then discusses how human activity and population growth alters global resources and other fundamental ecological elements of the biosphere far beyond the ability of any other species. The paper paints a picture of how humans contribute to the depletion, destruction, erosion and other dramatic changes to the ecological environment that are detrimental to nonhuman species, as well as to future generations of human beings.
Outline:
Population Growth, the Environment, and Community Interactions
The Effects of Human Activity on the Environment
From the Paper
"In principle, the relationship between population size and the environment is very simple and equally direct. Living organisms consume natural resources to provide for their energy needs. The specific mechanism through which they accomplish this vary substantially: some organisms consume other living organisms; some consume only other organisms' waste products, or scavenge their left-over consumables; still others manufacture their energy by synthesizing energy from sunlight and elements occurring naturally in the gaseous atmosphere."
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The Impact of Globalization, 2008.
A discussion on how economic globalization is affecting local cultures.
1,379 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates how economic globalization is affecting and influencing local cultures while also exploring why urban geographers are increasingly analyzing the world's cities for influences of globalization as well. The city of Los Angeles, California is included as an example of a city that is analyzed according to its urban layout, socio-culture influence, economic specialization, and role in globalization throughout the Southern California region in addition to the Pacific Rim. This paper concludes with a critical analysis of globalization based on the results reported.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Effects of Globalization on Local Cultures
From the Paper
"Much has been written about the effects of globalization becoming increasingly synonymous with the westernization of cultures. In fact the globalization of cultures is reciprocal on each other, especially when rapid global growth of companies quickly forces two cultures together rapidly. The research of Geert Hofstede (1983) provides a useful framework for evaluating the impact of globalization on local cultures. Hofstede devised a framework for five cultural dimensions that quantify the differences between cultures on the indices of the Power Distance Index (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), and Long-Term Orientation (LTO)."
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Internal Phosphorus Loading in Shallow Lakes, 2008.
Explains that phosphorus released from sediments in shallow lakes plays an important role in the inability to manage the eutrophication process.
6,170 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in lakes that have suffered years of external loading, high levels of bound phosphorus are released from pools into the surrounding water column. Phosphorus in pools is bound in many forms including redox-sensitive iron compounds and loosely bound organic compounds. The paper describes the microbial action, chemical reactions and physical disturbance to the sediment layer, which contribute to the release of phosphorous into the water column. The paper also reviews several management techniques, such as removing heavily contaminated sediment from the lake floor and precipitation by the addition of iron or alum, which help speed the recovery process of the lake.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Phosphorus forms in Sediment
Phosphorus Release Mechanisms
Chemical Release Mechanisms
Physical Release Mechanisms
Biological Release Mechanisms
Management and Restoration Techniques
Source Reduction Strategies
Physical Reduction of Phosphorus Availability
Chemical Removal
Analysis and Summary of Findings
Analyzing the Unknowns
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first is the use of physical means such as dredging and flushing to remove sediments containing high concentrations of phosphorus. Another method is the use of agents such as Aluminum Sulfate or gypsum to bind phosphorus in the water system. Yet, other methods have focused on long term reduction of external loading as the ultimate solution to the problem. The success or failure of these methods depends on the source and fractionation profile of the lake.
It was once thought that reducing external loading of the lake would rapidly decrease phosphorus levels in lakes."
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Sustainable Development, 2008.
An argument against the predictions of the Club of Rome in 1972 and those of Thomas Malthus regarding sustainable development.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that concerns about warming, resource depletion, global poverty and starvation are generally self-correcting and a natural part of progress. It suggests that the world is naturally stable, and there is little that we can do to enhance stability regardless of which policies we pursue. The paper discusses the earlier predictions of the Club of Rome in 1972 and those of Thomas Malthus (1766-1834). It also briefly looks at the economic thought of two economists, Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Milton Friedman (1912-2006).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Malthusians and Marxists: Commonalities of Thought
Gaps in Malthus and Marxist Ideology
Modern Malthusians and Marxists: The Club of Rome
The Reality: Resources are Expanding
What about sustainability?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Simply put, the Club of Rome was wrong. Since 1972, population has indeed carried on rapid growth, but per-capita incomes have risen even faster. From 1972, when China and India could not feed their populations, both have become food exporters. The Club of Rome made the same mistake as their "limited world" predecessors, Malthus and Marx. They thought of people as reactive automatons, unable to change their behavior or their consumption. The Club of Rome should have known better. The "Green Revolution," which increased the world's production per acre of grains by a factor of five, had started in the 1960's. The Chinese peasant, allowed to farm 1/2 acre and sell his produce since 1965, had increased overall Chinese food production by 30% by 1972."
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Wal-Mart and the Death of Downtown, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of 'big-box' developments, such as Wal-Mart, on the downtown and community life in cities.
2,304 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the cities of Guelph and Vermont to show how communities can combat the phenomenon of dying downtowns. The paper illustrates how cities must focus on a sustainable economic development strategy and must have a commitment from all sectors of the community with the city council. The paper also looks at Mexico as an example of the negative effects of a Mexican version of Wal-Mart on downtown.
Outline:
Introduction
Downtown Death Delayed By Design
Power of the People
Vermont Vs Big Box Construction
Mexico's Malingering Big Box
Londerville-A Synthesis of the Research
Summit Report-Waterloo-Guelph
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In all cities and towns all over both the United States and Canada something is dying, or perhaps already dead and that something is downtown and cultural heritage being replaced by something generic and that comes in a big box - that something is 'Wal-Mart'. While Wal-Mart has brought lower prices to these communities, Wal-Mart has also brought decay, decline, and crime. These lower prices have come with a high price tag to communities and society as this work in writing intends to show."
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The Ocean and Global Warming, 2008.
A discussion on the effects of climate change on ocean currents.
1,419 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on a Pentagon Report that was released to the world media in 2004 predicting that the north Atlantic current would stop in the near future, bringing global catastrophe. The paper explains how ocean currents work and describes the phenomenon of global warming. The paper concludes that the events put forth in the Pentagon Report are a plausible scenario, although many scientists contest the events as something which is not likely to happen in the near future.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Theory
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Pentagon Report was released to the world media in 2004 predicting that the north Atlantic current would stop in the near future, bringing global catastrophe. It is known that in the past the ocean currents have been affected by changes in climate, although the lack of direct observations make it difficult for scientists to discover the exact nature of changes which are currently being observed. There have however been changes noted in currents in the Pacific and in the Atlantic Oceans related to climate change, suggesting that the events predicted in the Pentagon Report may occur at some stage in the future, although it is difficult to predict exactly when. If such changes in ocean current did occur, it is likely that the changes would impact on a global scale."
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Urban, Rural and Social Networks, 2008.
An analysis of Claude S. Fischer's ethnographic study "To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City".
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Claude S. Fischer's ethnographic study "To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City" argues with the findings of Georg Simmel and the sociologists of the Chicago School who felt that urban life had detrimental effects on the well being of the vast majority of citizens in the United States. The paper explains Fischer's essential argument that urbanism produces a different style of life, but has no visible effect on one's quality of life. The paper further explains his theory of subcultures that shows that urban environments offer more opportunities of social exchange and networking than rural environments. The paper also asserts that while Fischer's analysis is useful, with the advent of Internet we must ponder the nature of urban life from a more contemporary perspective.
From the Paper
"Fischer sharply disagrees with earlier findings on the detrimental effects that urban life has on its inhabitants. Based on his research, he draws the conclusion that whereas urban life may have once been distinguishable from rural life, at the time of his writing (the early 1980s), those differences had been nearly erased. There was no longer any such thing as "urban life" or "rural life," Fischer concludes - just a national life. The extent to which people in American society differed from one another was not rooted in where they lived, but in other factors - particularly their level of education and income, as it is these two factors that seem to have the biggest influence on the extent of one's social network."
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Environmental Implications of Depleted Uranium, 2008.
An examination of the history of the use of depleted uranium and its environmental and ethical implications.
2,634 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental problems associated with the main final byproduct of nuclear waste, which is known as depleted uranium (DU). The paper first describes the history of the use of depleted uranium. It then discusses the associated ethical concerns, as well as environmental observations after wartime use of depleted uranium munitions. The paper contains graphs and figures.
Table of Contents:
Introduction and Outline of the Main Issues
Depleted Uranium Ordinance
Ethical Concerns
Environmental Observations After Wartime Use of Depleted Uranium Munitions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most disturbing implications of all concern the discrepancy with which nuclear waste is handled and regulated to ensure its relative safety in the U.S. compared to the complete disregard that is apparent on the part of U.S. authorities in charge of occupied Iraqi territory. As the leader of global philanthropy and human rights throughout the world, the U.S. has a moral obligation to minimize the unintended environmental and human impact of its weapons of war on noncombatants. It may very well be the case that the use of DU ammunition is a necessary evil of 21st Century conflicts. Nevertheless, the moral imperative that is part and parcel of its justified use in wartime is to minimize, rather than ignore its lasting effects after cessation of hostilities."
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Environmental Racism, 2008.
A look at the phenomenon of environmental racism in the United States.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that environmental racism underlies policies, practices and directives which discriminate against people of color in environmental issues. The paper looks at studies that show how race has remained a major determinant of socioeconomic predictors and that more than half of the populations living in proximity to hazardous waste facilities were African-Americans, Hispanics, Blacks or Asia/Pacific Islanders. The paper discusses how environmental racism has persisted despite increased advocacy and awareness. The paper then looks at the major environmental health hazards that include lead poisoning, toxic housing, toxic schools and asthma.
New Ways of Viewing the Same Situation
Color Tips the Balance
Environmental Racism Persists Despite Increased Awareness
The Income Gap is Wider Today
The EPA Ineffective, the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement
Citizen Action and Litigation
From the Paper
"Inequality among communities is a concrete reality. Economics, political influence and race are among the criteria in the distribution of amenities as well as dis-amenities (Bullard 2003). Racism is a very major consideration in the United States. Environmental racism is one of its forms and found in housing, employment, education and voting. It is an environmental policy, practice or directive, which discriminates, intentionally or not, according to race or color. It is a form of environmental injustice concretized and reinforced by government, legal, economic, political and military institutions. It blends with public policies and industrial practices, which make Whites benefit more than color people to whom the costs are passed on (Bullard)."
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Arsenic Contamination, 2008.
A review of the arsenic contamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada.
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper uses a qualitative review of existing literature concerning arsenic characteristics, regional and site specific geology and hydrogeology, and remediation methods, to explore the arsenic contamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada. The paper also provides recommendations on more effective and efficient means of remediation for the site and similar contaminated areas.
Outline:
Background to the Research Project
Proposed Research
Importance of this Research
Proposed Methodology
Ethical Considerations
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Considerations
Revised Project Schedule
From the Paper
"The Deloro Mine, in eastern Ontario, is a significant player whose activities has resulted in both surface and subsurface arsenic contamination of both soil and water, at the mine site, and off-site as well. Gold mining and smelting, with arsenic removal, was established in 1886, at Deloro. The health and safety of Deloro workers was compromised due to high levels of metal in their bodies, specifically lead and arsenic. Environmental problems were also an issue, including the air deposition of arsenic dust. This air deposition contamination was so detrimental that residents were unable to hang out their laundry during smelter operation, for years, because of the stack soot high in metals. In the 1960s, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Water Resources Commission found water samples to be high in arsenic. "
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Water Geography, 2008.
Discusses terms related to water geography, safe water and dams.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper commences by defining eight terms related to water geography such as a water surplus is a period in time when there is enough water for plants to feed and aquatic life to thrive. The author then examines that Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), a federal law first enacted in 1974 and revised in 1996, which promotes better standards for public drinking water under the responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The third part of this paper considers the utility of dams by exploring the five primary advantages and disadvantages of dams. The author concludes that dams, as man-made structures, are neither good nor bad but rather neutral in value.
Table of Contents:
Eight Terms
Water Surplus/Deficit
Cloud Seeding
Giardiasis/Cryptosporidium
Doctrine of Prior Appropriations
Scour and Fill/Levees
Dissolved Load/Suspended Load/Bed Load
Chlorination/Trihalomethanes (THMs)
Anadromous Fish/Catadromous Fish
The Safe Drinking Water Act
Dams
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The collapse of a dam, while not often probable, is a real threat. Because of this dams require constant monitoring which can take a further toll on economic resources. Damns also redirect water, which may enable certain populations to benefit, including residents living near the dam, but may also harm the natural landscape and plant or marine life residing in the region a dam is created. While a dam may prevent flooding most of the time, it may result in the mass destruction of an entire residential area should the dam expire."
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Sustainable Textiles, 2008.
A discussion on the subject of recycling with specific reference to the recycling of textiles.
1,126 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the subject of recycling and the concern about deepening the "ecological footprint" that we are leaving on the earth. The paper relates that this concern has motivated the recycling of everything from paper to plastics, but that consumers who are concerned about the environment and who conscientiously recycle and buy recycled products, may not similarly understand the impact of their textile purchases. The paper then discusses the environmental problems created by the production and disposal of textile and looks at measures we can implement to alleviate the problem. The paper asserts that at every chain of the steps that are required to create a product, the textile industry and the consumer must be hyper-vigilant so the planet does not become hostage to our obsession with wearing the next new thing.
From the Paper
"The inevitable costs caused by manufacturing new products means that even though new technologies are evolving in terms of how to create new products, it is also important to develop new ways to use existing textile fabrics in circulation. "According to the Council for Textile Recycling, nationwide over four-million tons of post-consumer textiles enter the waste stream every year. Most go to landfills, but around a million tons are collected by charity groups. About half of the textile products collected is sold as second-hand items, and the rest eventually goes to rag graders."
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Biodiversity and Conservation, 2008.
This paper examines the importance of conserving biodiversity, with a focus on the tropics.
1,514 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how ecologists are concerned about the conservation of biodiversity, for the future inheritance of the earth and its beauty and for poverty and hunger alleviation. The paper looks at several studies that show that conservation parks in tropical countries make a substantial difference in preserving biological diversity. The paper maintains that it is vitally important to preserve as much biodiversity as possible, and to do so particularly in countries where biodiversity is richest. The paper concludes that conservation managers need to put practices in place to target potential investors for the future preservation of the earth and its resources.
From the Paper
"Biodiversity and conservation have been difficult issues in the ecological field. This is not least so because of issues such as increasingly rapid species extinction and also the increasing human population and influence upon the natural environment. Nonetheless, ecologists are concerned about the conservation of biodiversity, as such conservation holds advantages not only for the future inheritance of the earth and its beauty, but also on a more practical and economic level. This is so because the diversity of species on earth have consequences for the often fragile ecosystems we as human beings share."
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Low-Intensity Crises, 2008.
This paper investigates two low-intensity crises; the London smog of 1952 and the Swiss Sandoz Ltd fire of 1986.
3,072 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the London smog of 5-8 December, 1952 and the fire at Sandoz Ltd, Switzerland, during November, 1986 and the identification and management of these disasters. The paper reveals the consequences and lessons learned from these crises and shows how events like these often result in large-scale losses of either human life, assets or ecological harmony. The paper emphasizes that in terms of future crisis management, it is crucial to investigate such crises of the past and learn from our past mistakes.
Outline:
London Smog
The Fire at Sandoz Ltd.
From the Paper
"The world in which we live has become increasingly industrial, technological, and digital. As such, many hazards present themselves in terms of phenomena such as pollution and its effects. As a result, unforeseen events might occur that result in low-intensity crises. The way in which these are identified, monitored and managed can mean the difference between life and death, and also the difference between tens or thousands of injured persons. In terms of future crisis management, it is also crucial to investigate crises of the past. This will ensure that past mistakes will not be repeated, and that lessons will be implemented for future improvement of crisis management systems."
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Monterey Bay, 2008.
An outline of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, a federally protected marine area offshore of California's central coast, which supports one of the world's most diverse marine ecosystems.
4,702 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the Monterey Bay region has escaped the type of environmental damage experienced by much more densely populated areas in California, but the human ecology of the region shows that there has been damage done to the ecology and that this damage is ongoing. The paper comments that the problem is found both on land and in the sea and other waterways of the region. A number of areas are protected as parklands, though many of the problems cross borders because they are airborne or waterborne. The paper also discusses other issues involving changes to the types of plants and animals found in the region, with exotic flora and fauna introduced through human action. The paper concludes that efforts are being made by government and private institutions to address these problems and to restore the natural habitat as much as possible.
Outline:
Introduction
Native American Populations
Current State
Land Animals
Parks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) is a federally protected marine area offshore of California's central coast and extending from Marin to Cambria, encompassing a shoreline length of 276 miles and 5,322 square miles of ocean. This area supports one of the world's most diverse marine ecosystems, home to numerous mammals, seabirds, fishes, invertebrates, and plants. The MBNMS was established for the purpose of resource protection, research, education, and public use and is part of a system of 13 National Marine Sanctuaries administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration."
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Sudden Oak Death, 2008.
Analyzes, compares, and reviews two articles on sudden oak death.
2,688 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the article entitled, "Sudden Oak Death: Endangering California and Oregon Forest Ecosystems" by David M. Rizzo and Matteo Garbelotto provides a clear and comprehensive overview and assessment of the serious problem of sudden oak death and how it also analyzes in detail the functioning and range of Phytophthora ramorum pathogen in relation to concomitant environmental, ecological and site criteria. The paper then analyzes the article entitled, "Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity on the Emerging Forest Disease Sudden Oak Death" by Condeso et al. and notes how this article, in contrast to the first, is focused on a specific aspect of the problem of the spread of the pathogen P. ramorum and sudden oak death; namely the effect of landscape structure as it relates to the disease.
Outline:
Article one
Introduction
The Problem
Findings
Solutions
Conclusion
Paper 2
Introduction
The Problem
Findings
Solutions
Conclusion
Section Three
Comparison of Articles
From the Paper
"The article also emphasizes the central concern that the damage that this pathogen causes is intimately linked to the delicate and complex ecological balance in the areas concerned. This in turn relates to the fact that the pathogen also affects other biological entities. In essence one of the central problems is that it has a broad host range and that it also affects "...almost all wood plant species in coastal forests". 1 This aspect has serious implications for the understanding and treatment of the disease, as well as for the range and complexity of its impact on the trees and general ecology. This in turn is also related to the problem of the secondary impact of the disease on other organisms such as insects, which play a vital role in the maintenance of ecological balance. "
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Environmental Management, 2008.
A discussion on ensuring that environmental policies are translated correctly by corporations, in order to combat organizational barriers to policy implementation, as discussed in the article "ISO 14001: A Case of Cultural Myopia" published in the Eco-M
767 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews an article entitled: "ISO 14001: A Case of Cultural Myopia" published in the Eco-Management and Auditing Journal in June, 2000 by John Moxen and Peter A. Strachen and relates that the purpose of the article is to add to the process of evaluation of the efficacy of the ISO 14001 system of environmental management. The paper comments that the system's purpose is for ensuring that environmental policies are translated properly by corporations from the environmental policies into the behaviors of the organization and specifically for combating "organizational barriers to policy implementation." After discussing the situation the paper comments that it is obvious from the review of this journal article that ISO 14001 does not hold great promise for enabling successful and effective environmental management within corporations.
From the Paper
"The danger presented by ISO 14001 is that it has the capacity to create additional barriers to effective and creative environmental management strategies and solutions. The systems of hierarchy prescribed in ISO 14001 are very likely to effectuate what Moxen and Strachen term a "role culture" which is a culture that vests much value in tradition and precedents and observation of rules of a formal nature and is a culture that effectively places impassable barriers to creative and innovative strategic environmental management. Moxen and Strachen conclude by stating that "environmental programmes are more likely to be implemented successfully when environmental management systems are organic and support a task-based culture."
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Population Growth and the Environment, 2008.
This paper explores how population growth is harming our environment's resources.
1,786 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the exponential population growth on our planet is depleting our finite resources of land, water and fuel. The paper asserts that we are utilizing these three resources at unsustainable levels, as a result of population growth and human disconnect from the earth.
Outline:
Introduction
Land Depletion, Resources and Sprawl
Population and Water
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world population has increased exponentially over the last 100 years, as technology and development outstrip the ability of the fragile planet to absorb the massive influx of polluting and needy people. To survive people must have land, water and fuel and yet, upon the earth such elements are finite, unless technology meets the demand for sustainable or human created sources of these elements."
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Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change, 2008.
A discussion of the purpose and expected outcome of the Kyoto Protocol.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol and how its formation can be considered a turning point with regard to climate change and global warming. It also describes the aims and goals of the Kyoto Protocol and whether it can be implemented successfully. The paper suggests that it will take many more decades before global warming and other climate changes which are caused by greenhouse gases will begin to decline.
From the Paper
"If it is true that humans are the ones who are affecting global warming, then humans must turn this detrimental propensity around. It has taken 150 years to get to this point, and it will take at least half as long to undo what has been done. That is why the Kyoto Protocol is so crucial at this point in history. The formation of the Kyoto Protocol is considered a turning point when humans decided to change longstanding harmful habits. The Kyoto Protocol cannot have any immediate results because nations throughout the world have just begun to harness and control their emissions. Fifty years ago one could hardly breathe in Tokyo, the air was so thick and it was not that long ago that the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles had yellow skies daily throughout the summer, with warnings to remain indoors. It has taken those cities a decade or two to cut back and clean up. It will take smaller, poorer nations, heavily yoked to industries run on fossil fuel for their livelihood much longer to change their energy sources and their economies."
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