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Critique of Article on Volume Translation Technique, 2004.
Summary, explanation, and critique of an article entitled, "Volume-Translated Equations of State: Empirical Approach and Physical Relevance."
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a description of an article about volume translation technique and how it is widely used in in the field of chemical engineering. The paper explains the intent of the authors of the article, their findings, and the conclusion of the article. The paper then critiques the article and points out both its positive and negative aspects.
From the Paper
"The authors of the article are interested in studying various ways of developing equations of state, and they demonstrate that both theoretical and empirical approaches to equations of state can show them nonphysical behavior. They consider this information significant, but are also quick to point out that there is more to their research than just this bit of information. They are also interested in a clear and comprehensive understanding of the reasons for this. They believe that finding these reasons will help them and others to develop reliable equations, and that these equations can be based on both theoretical and empirical methods. Being able to do this would go a long way toward helping researchers who are working with information involving the development of equations of state."
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Technology and the Elderly, 2002.
This paper examines the ways that technology has benefited the lives of the elderly.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the earliest evidences of technology benefiting the elderly was the advent of reading glasses. The author relates that improving vision at night is an important safety advancement; therefore, Cadillac has created a night vision program that provides additional information to what the eyes can see. The paper stresses that another possible technology for the future would be robots that can perform basic housework tasks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Past
Present
Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another excellent technological invention from the past was the invention of the wheelchair. The wheelchair allows mobility. In the same way the aging process reduces the ability to see, it often reduces the ability to be mobile. Whether it is arthritis, a broken bone, or other physical problems, causing the inability to get around, a wheelchair can assist. Using a wheelchair allowed those who would otherwise have been bed bound to continue their lives. Past wheelchairs were large and bulky so the elderly who used them still had restrictions about where they could go."
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Megalopolis, 2002.
An essay which describes the area in North America known as Megalopolis.
1,729 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the geographic region of Megalopolis (urban area in Northern America) and its sub-region of Nantucket (off Cape Cod). It also deals with the history of Nantucket and the causes that led to the formation of the megalopolis in northeastern USA. Megalopolis comes from the Greek words for ?very large? (Mega) and city (polis). The concept of Megalopolis lies in the fact that cities are not viewed as individual units but as regions that spread out from the city nucleus.
From the Paper
"Modern cities were formed as a result of the establishment of large-scale industries during the Industrial Revolution. Many people migrated from the rural areas to the urban industrialized areas with a hope of earning more in the city. Thus the metropolitan cities gradually grew in size with the establishment of industries and the inflow of workers. In the 20th century in the United States the growth of the urban city gradually spread to the outskirts of the city as well."
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North Korea, 2002.
Discusses the present nuclear threat posed by North Korea.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
North Korea has been intimidating the United States with a series of nuclear threats since October 2002, when U.S. officials stopped the supply of heavy oils to the North in retaliation of its confessed production of nuclear warheads, violating agreements signed in 1994. Shortly after, North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NTP) and agreements with the United Nations. The paper shows that while there is little proof that North Korea has nuclear weapons, it is strongly suspected that it does. The paper discusses the North Korean weapon issue.
From the Paper
"Many world leaders are suspicious about North Korea?s withdrawal from the NPT for many reasons. For one, it is a well-known fact that countries developing clandestine nuclear weapons programs take many measures to conceal information about these programs from the rest of the world (NTI, 2003). Therefore, without membership in the treaty, North Korea has made it difficult for world leaders to obtain information about the country?s weapon capabilities."
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Ergonomic Workplace, 2002.
A review of the current state and possibilities for ergonomic furniture in the workplace.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether or not an ergonomically designed office or workstation will reduce the number of work related injury time off and thereby increase productivity in such work places. The study is geared to determine how much of an impact ergonomically designed work stations have on the bottom line through the measurement of productivity. The writer believes that the study can also be used as a tool for future decision making needs. Ergonomics has been a popular buzzword in recent years and this study determines that bottom line value of ergonomic design in the workplace.
From the Paper
"Recently there has been an explosion of ergonomic designing of workstations for the purpose of providing a more conducive and productive work environment. The buzzwords are all around including ergonomic, RTS, carpal tunnel and others. These words go along with the general idea that it is important to design workstations ergonomically for the most positive impact on the workers as well as the bottom line. The need for the ergonomically designed workstation has provided opportunities for profits in the way of ergonomic furniture."
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Value Engineering and Reliability, 2002.
Discusses how these two concepts can work together to improve the end result of a product or service.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Value engineering is viewed in many industries as an excellent strategy for reducing costs, increasing reliability and improving quality. It can be implemented in hardware and software; development, production and manufacturing; specifications, standards, contract requirements and other acquisition program documentation; facilities design and construction. Value engineering is a technique directed toward analyzing the functions of a project or product to determine "best value," or the best relationship between reliability and cost. In other words, "best value" is represented by a project or process that consistently performs its required basic function and has the lowest cost. In this context, the application of value engineering in a construction project can yield a better value when construction is approached in a manner that incorporates environmentally sound and energy-efficient practices and materials. This paper discusses the important relationship between reliability and value engineering, in an effort to explain how the two work harmoniously to improve projects or products. The paper includes a table.
From the Paper
"Many engineers are resentful of value engineering because they believe it often does the opposite of what it is intended to do, which is cut costs while improving reliability and value. Some say that many companies introduce value engineering solely to cut costs, rather than implementing it professionally and mainly for engineering purposes."
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Soils and Civil Engineering, 2002.
A brief overview of the link between civil engineering and the study of soil types.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
Soil has long been deemed important by agricultural concerns, however, it was only within the last 150 years that rail travel and, later, large-scale civic works made the study of soil important to civil engineers. The paper shows that the sub-study of civil engineering that is dedicated to the study of soil is more commonly known as soil mechanics. This field is used to assess the soil topography of land before major public or private construction projections are created.
From the Paper
"The five main types of soil particles that are encountered by civil engineers include (in order of particle size) boulders, gravel, sand, silt cohesive, and clay. Boulders are the largest elements in soil and usually present a problem to civil engineers, but may be used in a place where the soil is otherwise soft to form a foundation upon which to build a road or other civic work. Historically, boulders were used for this purpose before it was cost-effective to introduce other materials. There are cost efficiencies in the use of boulders: they can often be found where bedrock is not near the surface of the earth, such as in the great lakes region where they were deposited during the last ice age."
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The Big Dig Highway Project, 2002.
This paper discusses the ecological benefit of Boston?s Big Dig, the most complex and expensive highway project ever undertaken in the United States.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Big Dig, a state-of-the-art eight-to-ten-lane expressway, for the most part underground or underwater, will run through downtown Boston and the Ted Williams Tunnel to Logan Airport. The paper reviews three areas of environmental concern: The digging and dumping of the dirt, mitigation and air quality. The author points out that the mitigation aspect of the project protects the city from devastating noise disruption, dust, traffic gridlock and economic damage.
From the Paper
"There are other benefits as well. According to Daniel Wood of Public Roads Magazine, the Big Dig will be ?good news for the local shellfish population because of the construction of an artificial reef in Boston Harbor? (Public Roads). The reef, created in collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is designed to compensate for filling in over one acre of blue mussel habitat in the harbor during the closing and capping of the former municipal landfill on Spectacle Island. Wood also says that, ?As the northernmost artificial reef system in the United States, the complex is expected to become home to lobsters, crabs, and finfish, as well as the displaced blue mussels? "
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The Waterfall Model, 2002.
An overview of this software development process.
2,312 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In software engineering, the Waterfall Model describes a development method that is linear and sequential and which has distinct goals for each phase of development. This paper describes the Waterfall Model and then provides a list of advantages and disadvantages of the process. The paper presents controversial issues of the Waterfall Model and shows samples of the Waterfall Development Model, also known as the Software Development Life Cycle. The paper concludes with a summary of the future of the Waterfall Model.
From the Paper
"As the computer - business interaction spectrum has become more diverse, this rigid development ladder has become less applicable to the software development process. With the shift from single computer applications to computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) this model has all but outlived its usefulness. Today?s applications are utilized across an enterprise, and each department can have its own unique cultural needs, and wants to have its own feedback loop into the development cycle. By becoming aware of different styles of software used, and how they relate to phases in the development process, a developer can detect if projects have gone out of control, or are staying on track."
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Design-Build Project Delivery, 2002.
This paper discusses the design-build method of construction whereby a single company is in charge from the projects inception to its completion including planning, design and construction.
2,775 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper, in addition to explaining the design-build method, presents an overview of the history of construction and some of the traditional methods used for bidding on construction projects. The design-build method is ideal for parking garages, hospitals, banks, shopping malls or any other repetitive structural buildings because these types of structures are not architecturally driven and rely on predictable components. The author believes that most developers do not understand or appreciate the full range of benefits that design-build offers them.
From the Paper
"Since developers often choose design-build for accelerated project schedules, contractors need a way to ensure they will have enough skilled workers when they are needed and that they can attract them within the budget that has been established. Design-build project delivery greatly improves constructability and overall worker satisfaction. Many design-builders consult extensively with their subcontractors during the proposal stages and those firms have great sway on how their part of the project will be designed and built. Some union officials see problems with design-build project delivery because they think that this method simply adds one more layer of project management to the process and actually is slower than the design-bid-build delivery method. ?We are at the mercy of the construction manager much more often than before because of design-build,? says Rob Trenkle, director of the construction department of the Laborers International Union of North America. ?When a general contractor is in control of the whole job, there is less confusion and less steps you have to go through.? "
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Power Regulation, 2002.
Report on the history of electricity.
3,390 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of commercial and domestic energy use. It covers the conversion methods necessary to obtain electricity, the infrastructure required for the production, transfer and distribution of power, the generation and distribution of electricity in the U.S., the different methods available to generate electricity and the purpose and the effect of the deregulation of the power industry in the U.S.
History of Electricity
Electricity Generation and Distribution in the U.S.
Methods of Electricity Generation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Electricity is a secondary source of energy. It is obtained by converting primary sources of energy like coal, natural gas, oil (examples of potential energy); hydraulic and wind sources (kinetic energy); or nuclear energy into electrical energy. Electricity generators covert energy from primary energy sources to forms of secondary (electric) energy. Although generating electricity was easy, the ability to transport it over long distances proved difficult. George Westinghouse developed the transformer, which allowed power to be transmitted efficiently across long distances. A transformer changes electricity from low voltage to high voltage. Electricity can be transported over long distances more efficiently at a high voltage. "
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Building on Landfill, 2002.
This paper discusses the issues of building multistory buildings on areas of landfill, areas of dumped discarded items such as debris and garbage, using Battery Park City, New York City as an example.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that one way that builders are finding available land is by using places previously thought unsafe or unsuitable to build on, such as landfill sites. This paper explains that landfill sites can safely be used to build high-rise buildings, provided the density of the landfill, the size of the foundation pieces and the deepness of the foundation pilings are taken into consideration. The author points out that there have been no reported problems from the settling of the landfill site on which Battery Park City was built.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to understand what landfills are and why they are here. Landfills are areas where the city or other municipality has dumped discarded items such as debris and garbage. The city often dumps large items there, as well, and eventually the landfill reaches its capacity. Landfills are important because debris and garbage has to go somewhere, but many people remain concerned that landfills are dangerous, and that hazardous materials are being dumped into landfills, which could harm people in the future. When someone decides to build on a landfill site, as the one in Battery Park City, the question of stability comes up. After all, they are essentially building on garbage and debris, which seems likely to shift and move as it settles."
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The Human Element in Systems Design, 2002.
This paper discusses the evolution of the concept that systems designs are made to serve the end-user.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the work of Edsger Dijkstra and mentors who brought human factors to the science of systems design. The author explains Dijkstra realized in the early days of operating system design that computers had the ability to become familiar household items but only if they were easy to use and did not cause more problems than they solved. The paper stresses that many computer design engineers become stuck in the abstract phase of design and fail to make the jump to thinking that their ideas are an actual sellable product.
From the Paper
"There were many systems designers who were his technical equal, but few had the foresight to make the computer marketable to the general public. He tackled systems design form a problem-solution perspective instead of just designing bigger and bigger systems, he realized that a system that was clumsy and slow would be on no use to humankind. While other designers focused on faster and bigger, Dijkstra preached simplicity. He also emphasized stability. If the system continuously locked and crashed then it was of no use to the user. Dijkstra realized that these issues were important if computers were to enter into mainstream society."
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Robotics, 2002.
An insight into the subject of robotics and robots.
4,231 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses robotics, a technology that deals with the design, construction and operation of robots that are used in numerous applications. It looks at how these applications range from industries that require accurate and repetitive tasks (such as the car and computer manufacturing industries), dangerous tasks such as diffusing of bombs and other chores that cannot be performed by humans, e.g., carrying out research on far-away planets, or walking inside live volcanoes. It provides a description of what robots are and how they work, the history of robotics, the present applications of robots, the impact of robots in our lives and their limitations as well as the future of robots. It also discusses how close we are in the development of a ?bionic? man.
Outline
Robotics and Robots Defined
Origins of the Word ?Robot? and ?Robotics?
History of Robotics
How Robots Work?
Applications of Robots
The Future of Robotics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although robots as we know them today are a relatively recent invention, the idea of automated machine or a mechanical man has fascinated the human mind since the ancient times. For example, the ancient Greek poet Homer in his writings described maidens of gold, who are supposed to be mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god of metalsmiths. Similarly, in ancient Jewish legend, robot-like servants made of clay are brought to life by a spoken charm. (Tesler) In more recent times, Leonardo da Vinci, the ?Renaissance man? drew plans for a mechanical man. Eighteenth century watchmakers were also famous for making mechanical, robot-like creatures. (Bekey)"
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Aerospace Engineering, 2002.
An exploration of aerospace engineering.
2,126 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into aerospace engineering, the flight of vehicles in space, beyond the earth's atmosphere which includes the study and development of rocket engines, artificial satellites and spacecraft. It examines the plethora of purposes that it serves with earthbound vehicles and household supplies and discusses the various tasks that an aerospace engineer team performs. It looks at the future of aerospace engineering including education, new products and challenges to the aerospace engineering program in the United States.
Outline
Introduction
Definition of Aerospace Engineering
Plethora of Purposes
Earthbound Vehicles
Household Products
Tasks that an Aerospace Engineer Performs
The Engineer
The Scientist
The Technician
The Future of Aerospace Engineering
Education
New Products
Challenges to Aerospace Engineering
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The engineer can serve of to twelve different purposes. For this discussion we will only focus on four of these purposes including; analytical, computational fluid dynamics, design, and systems software. Analytical engineering involves the combination of math and rudimentary engineering practices. The computational fluid dynamics engineering implements the use of high speed computers to solve complex nonlinear equations which govern fluid motion. (?Education?) Design engineering determines the arrangement, function and structure of a component or the entire design of a vehicle. (?Education?) Finally, systems software engineering involves performing the proper analysis of the system."
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A Career as an Aircraft Mechanic, 2002.
This paper looks at what is required to become an aircraft mechanic and what the future holds for those make it their career.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
A discussion about a career as an aircraft mechanic. The writer uses five sources to explore the education and skills that are required for the career. It examines the changing airline industry and evolving occupation of aircraft mechanics. Includes details of what the profession entails and what skills are appropriate as well as the positive future outlook for those who choose to work in the field.
From the Paper
"The airline industry is an ever-changing field. There are many types of aircraft being used today, including, freight, commercial passenger and private passenger planes. Each plane has to be built, maintained and fixed when something goes wrong. The field of airplane mechanics is a growing and always changing area of job exploration. Skills as an aircraft mechanic can be utilized in the armed services, the commercial airline field, or at an airfield with private aircraft. They can also be used to work where airplanes are sold and brought in for maintenance and repair. It is a field that promises to continue expanding and as the world continues to globalize the opportunities will continue to increase."
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Precision Guided Munitions, 2002.
An introduction to the development and use of precision guided munitions.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses precision guided munitions, weapons designed to be directed against a single target which rely on external guidance or its own guidance system. It examines how these weapons, which can be launched from aircraft, submarines, ships and land vehicles, or by individual soldiers on the ground, represents the principle of the low-cost threat that forces a high-cost and difficult defence. It looks at the their growth and development since World War I along with their definite effect upon modern military affairs. It looks at the use of mines and cruise missles and future technological advancements such as hypersonic missile concepts that strike long distance targets at high speeds.
From the Paper
"Although, precision has been recognized as one of the important feature of weapon development as noted by military theorist, historian and strategist Major General J.F.C. Fuller, who considered it as ?accuracy of aim? and as one of the five familiar attributes of weaponry, collectively with range of volume of fire, striking power, action and portability. Here, it is important to note that the modern precision weapon bring together the traits of accuracy, portability, striking power and range making the combination of a powerful force multiplier in nowadays' military scene."
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The Ford Focus, 2002.
A research proposal to study the possible causes and solution to quality problems being encountered by the Ford Focus.
1,969 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to shed light on the long list of quality problems encountered by Ford Focus customers so far with particular emphasis on current water leakage problems. It attempts to understand how quality control measures at Ford are causing problems at its various assembly centers. It also focuses on quality measures adopted by foreign competitors to explain why automobile manufacturers in the United States are encountering severe criticism from their local customers. It provides a comparison of Ford quality practices and that of a foreign firm to illustrate and highlight the differences and yawning gaps.
Outline:
Problem Statement
Research Purpose
Background
Research Questions
Literature Review and Limitations
Limitations
Scope
Methodology
Possible Findings
From the Paper
"A brief look at the quality problems suffered by Ford in the past few years indicates that something is seriously wrong with quality practices at Ford Motors. For example in the year 2000, Ford?s reputation was seriously tarnished by rollover accidents connected with its Explorer. In 2002, Ford recalled its all-new 2002-model Explorer and Mercury Mountaineer sport utility vehicles because of quality glitches. In the same year, Ford Focus was recalled due to possible cruise control cable problems, which was only one of the several problems encountered by this vehicle. NHTSA received more than 3,000 complaints in connection with Ford Focus, which led to open investigations about possible safety hazards."
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Alumina, 2002.
This paper discusses the background history, chemical and physical properties, manufacturing process (the Bayer process) and applications of Alumina.
2,675 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Alumina or Aluminum Oxide, the only oxide formed by the metal aluminum, which occurs in nature as the minerals corundum, diaspore, gibbsite and most commonly as bauxite, which is an impure form of gibbsite. The author submits that its industrial and commercial use in the modern times took off after the development of the Bayer process, which made possible the wide-scale, low cost production of the material.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background Information: History of Alumina
Initial Manufacture of Alumina
Manufacture of Aluminum & the Bayer Process
New Natural Forms of Alumina
Properties of Alumina
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Electrical Properties
Structure of Crystalline Alumina
Alumina (Aluminum Oxide) Structure
Structure of Liquid Alumina
Applications of Alumina
Ceramics
As an Insulating Material
Electronics
Mechanical Ceramics
Military Uses
Bio Medical
Chemical Ceramics
Enameling
Refractory Uses
Chemical Industry
Catalysts, Fillers, and the Glass industry
The Bayer Process
Grinding of Bauxite
Digestion of Bauxite
Settling and washing of Residues
Crystallization of Hydrates
Calcination of Hydrate
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Fused alumina (the substance produced after being melted and re-crystallized) is identical in chemical and physical properties with natural corundum. It is a very hard material and its hardness is exceeded only by diamond and a few synthetic substances such as carborundum, and silicon carbide. This property of alumina lends itself for use as an abrasive material. Another useful property of the material is its high melting point, i.e., above 2000?C (3632?F), which makes it useful as a refractory and as linings of special furnaces. The mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of Alumina (99.7% purity) often used in the ceramic industry are depicted in the following tables:..."
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