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Telecommunications Installation, 2004.
An analysis of how Frederick Taylor's theory of scientific management can be used to increase productivity in telecommunications installation.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history and specifics of Taylor's theory of scientific management. The scope of telecommunication installation is discussed, and the application of Taylor's theory of scientific management to telecommunications installation is reviewed. A summary of key points and recommendations is given.
Outline
Introduction
Telecommunications Installation
Frederick Taylor's Theory of Scientific Management
Scientific Management and Telecommunications Installation
Key Points
Conclusion
Recommendation
From the Paper
"In order to understand how Frederick Taylor's theories apply to telecommunications, it is first important to understand the scope of telecommunication installation. Telecommunication itself is simply communication that is achieved through electronic transmission, such as cable, radio, television, telephone, or even the telegraph (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language). Installation in telecommunications can include installation of underground and aerial telephone and other telecommunication lines, and cable television lines and cables. Further, telecommunication installation can include fitting of telephone equipment and hardware, as well as wiring (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada)."
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Smoke Detectors, 2004.
A discussion of the reasons for having a functioning smoke alarm in the home.
3,140 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in the United States, the accidental affliction of death caused by fires and burns occupies the fourth place. It attempts to show how smoke alarms are the chiefly efficient, initial cautioning device existing for the home and how they give precious time to run away from a fire. Generally, fires can propagate quickly through a home, and people may have as little as two minutes to run away following the alarm sounds. The possibility of dying in a housing fire is reduced to half when a functioning smoke alarm is available.
From the Paper
"Though heat detectors are put into use for residential purposes from 1921, ?the field tests have shown that they are not as efficient as smoke detectors in sensing fires in the home? and the Section 16, Chapter 3 of the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook asserts that genuine fire tests in suburban occupancies have shown that considerable amounts of smoke have come before the considerable amounts of heat in approximately all cases. Most of the residential fires belong to the slow burning flame type and the most important point is that they are not of the soaring heat building type. (Smoke Detectors in the Home: A Matter of Life & Death) Most of the serious home fire happens when the people are fast asleep at night. Reports show that most people die due to smoke and poisonous gases rather than the fire itself. Many people at night do not know that there was a fire."
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Soviet X Planes, 2005.
An examination of the impact that other countries had on the production of a Soviet plane.
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it can be argued that no Soviet experimental plane got off the ground without significant contributions from aircraft and engine designers from other nations. The writer points out that the few designers and planes mentioned in the paper are not all of the experimental designs produced in the first 40 years of the Russian aircraft industry. It argues that they may well be representative and include the successes of great Soviet designers, none of whom was able, whether by virtue of design necessity or manufacturing inadequacy, to make a completely Soviet airplane design and get it off the ground.
From the Paper
"After World War II, the Soviet aircraft industry was still not completely indigenous. It still had to obtain what it needed where it could, as it was now driven not only by internally developed pride, but also by a need to keep up with the air power of the United States. Within two months of the first flight of the prototype of the North American Sabre in the U.S., the Soviet?s debuted the prototype of the MiG 15 on December 30, 1947. Despite being Soviet-developed, the MiG 15 ?displayed strong Germanic influence? (Lee, 1959, p. 138) and, in fact, had used the Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet rather than the Lyulka axial-flow turbojet made in Russia. The Nene engine did have to be adapted for Russian production, but this event did begin to bring Soviet aircraft design within striking distance of its Western neighbors."
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Firefighters and Skyscrapers, 2004.
An overview of firefighters concerns over the design and construction of high-rise buildings.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to examine why firefighters have voiced concerns regarding the ever-increasing size of skyscrapers. In particular, it looks at how, when the World Trade Centre Twin Towers, which were at the time two of the world's tallest buildings, were completely destroyed by a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the event should have raised enough doubt and questions about the future of high-rise safety to put an end to the construction of skyscrapers; yet, after September 11th, the world?s demand for newer and taller structures continued to dramatically increase.
Outline
Table of Content
Introduction
Twin Towers of New York
Building Construction Trends
Truss Construction
Firefighters Structural Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The steel trusses that supported the flooring either melted or simply buckled which in turn released each upper floor down on the next below it and eventually falling completely to the ground. In other words, as the trusses failed, the concrete-slab floors literally plunged downward. When the two jets struck the buildings, the fact that they hit near the towers? tops, the weight of the floors became a force the buildings could not withstand. Although the towers went up easily utilizing these techniques, they were also the eventual cause of the buildings quick demise. The Twin Towers? radically different structural design created a situation where the load-bearing walls simply could not support the weight of the floors."
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Engineering Economy, 2005.
Defines and explains engineering economy and how it applies to financial management practices.
1,632 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper defines engineering economy and explains how it is used to evaluate projects relating to their costs and their future value. The paper explains how engineering economy deals with how much a project will cost and what the future benefits of that project will be. This leads into a discussion of "the time value of money", one of the most important concepts in engineering economy. Finally, the paper explains several of the basic concepts of engineering economy and how these concepts can be applied to a company's financial management practices.
From the Paper
"When we are faced with an engineering project, in general, there are two main things to consider. One of them is how much the project costs, the second one is how much benefit the project will bring. The problem with the project benefit is that, most often, these are future benefits, while the costs are in the present. How can we compare future benefits with present costs? The answer is rather simple: by calculating the future benefits in terms of present benefits. Hence, it is now the proper time to introduce the concept of the time value of money, perhaps the most important concept in engineering economy."
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Norman Augustine, 2004.
This paper discusses Norman R. Augustine, born in 1935, who has played an influential role in the world of engineering and in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
2,465 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Augustine made numerous contributions to the American Defense Department, especially his theory that the industrial base of the Defense Department would become too dependent upon foreign suppliers for essential components, such as semi-conductors and semi conductor technology. The author points out that, when he was CEO of Lockheed Martin, Augustine was in favor of mergers because he believed that they were more cost effective and that mergers between defense companies would increase productivity and save the Department of Defense millions of dollars each year. The paper relates that one of Augustine?s theories asserted that products that were once used for matters of defense could not be converted to civilian work.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Norman Augustine Biography
Career Accomplishments
Theories and Augustine?s Laws
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Norman Augustine was born in 1935 in Denver Colorado and grew up during World War II. He was an exceptional student, entered Princeton in 1953, and received his bachelors of science in engineering in 1957. Augustine also received a master?s degree from Princeton in 1959. He has also received several honorary doctorates in Engineering and Science from several institutions of learning throughout the country. In 1958, while still obtaining his masters at Princeton he worked for the Douglas Aircraft Company where he became a Chief Engineer and a Program Manager. According to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers Augustine began working at the Office of the Secretary of DefenseWhile there he served as the Assistant Director of Defense Research and Engineering. In 1970 he became part of the LTV Missiles and Space Company, where he was the Vice President of Advanced programs and marketing."
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Mechanics and Dynamics, 2004.
Overview of dynamics, a branch of study that analyzes motion in relation to objects.
3,426 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper first defines mechanics, a branch of study that deals with the influence of forces acting on bodies and dynamic responses of bodies to the imposition of those forces, and then lists the three different subdivision of mechanics. Included in this subdivision is dynamics, which the paper also explains and describes as it relates to the study of mechanics.
From the Paper
"Life without motion is better explained as death. A living being is said to be having life only when the walls of the heart engage in pumping the blood, when the blood circulates through the entire body, when nerves impulse electrically from brain to toe, lungs move to bring oxygen, food transports through the stomach and intestines, when the iris expands and contracts, when the eyeball rotates, etc. Not only in the living beings, the riddles of the non-living items like recoiling of a fired gun, acceleration of an automobile, action of a spinning top, the motion of a space rocket can also be broken down in terms of the analysis of motion."
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Production Planning, 2004.
This paper discusses production planning, the process of determining what products are to be produced, in what quantities and when.
795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that manufacturing is a very complex operation with numerous components and with many individuals working together to ensure that the end-product meets the required quality control and time schedule. The author points out that engineering plays a central position within the production organization. The paper relates that the most widely used production planning and control systems in the U.S. are variations of MRP, or Material Requirements Planning, and MRPII, or Manufacturing Resource Planning.
From the Paper
"Production planning occurs in several steps. The first is to identify the end goals that are necessary to achieve and to establish an inventory strategy for quoting delivery of parts required. The production plan provides the primary communication link between management and manufacturing and becomes the basis for focusing the manufacturing resources in a way that will achieve the objectives of the company. The next several steps break down the production process into the required tasks and determine when each one has to start. At times, one task can be completed with any of several different resources?equipment and/or employees. In this case, the assignment of tasks to resources can occur at planning or execution time. If a number of tasks need to be accomplished at the same time with the same resources, the plan should provide workers with a means to know which comes first."
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R&D in Engineering, 2004.
A look at the role of the research and development department of an engineering firm.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from an engineering perspective, R&D is normally defined as the search for and discovery of new knowledge about products, processes, and services, and then applying that knowledge to create new and improved products, processes, and services that fill market needs. It looks at how every major company has an R&D department, usually with a budget separate from that in the production area, and how such a department is critical to companies, especially with the increased global competition and reduction of resources.
From the Paper
"Research is often conducted by one person or a few individuals working together, rather than in large groups. The main directive is very narrow, rather than broad goals. Development, however, is normally a team project that necessitates high efficiency and close coordination for cost effectiveness and time/deadline concerns. Engineers must keep to strict methodological parameters. The increasing complexity in technology such as computerized components or artificial intelligence demands a rigorous and systematic approach to the planning and conduct of research and development projects. Few companies can remain in business without continual innovation, and this requires stringent coordination and communication between engineering, manufacturing and R&D. Research and development contribute the information for a product and engineering supplies the skills to design and produce it (Maynard 2-3)."
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DOD 5000.2-R, 2004.
This paper discusses DOD 5000.2-R, mandatory procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The purpose of the DOD Regulation 5000.2-R of 1996 is to establish a simplified and flexible management framework for translating mission needs into stable, affordable, and well-managed programs. The author points out that the DoD Directive 5000.2-R applies to all elements of the DoD; its procedures are mandatory for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs), Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs. and others specified in the Regulation, as well as serving as a general model for other than MDAPs and MAISs. The paper presents RiskTrak, a Windows-based tool, which enables users to identify, estimate, analyze, report, communicate. and manage risk throughout the duration of the Acquisition Program.
Table of Contents
Overview of DOD 5000.2-R
Analysis of DOD 500.2-R in Relation to Systems Engineering
Evaluation of Requirements Based on Commercial Market Potential
Open Systems
Commercial and Non-Developmental Items
Critical Product and Technology Competition
Competition
Best Practices
Open Systems Design
Software Engineering
Interoperability
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Integrated Product Teams (IPTs)
Assessing the Value of DOD 5000.2-R: ?RiskTrak and the Critical Role of Risk Management in DoD Directive 5000.2-R?
RiskTrak and DoD 5000.2-R Program Structure
RiskTrak and DoD 5002-R Program Design
RiskTrak and DoD 5002-R Program Assessments & Decision Reviews
From the Paper
"PMs shall avoid imposing government-unique requirements that significantly increase industry compliance costs. Examples of practices designed to accomplish this direction include: open systems approach that emphasizes commercially supported practices, products, specifications, and standards; best value evaluation and award criteria; use of past performance in source selection, results of software capability evaluations; government-industry partnerships; and the use of pilot programs to explore innovative practices."
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Disposable Batteries, 2004.
A discussion of the benefits and use of disposable batteries.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Disposable batteries have transformed the way that we live and the types of activities that we do. This discussion provides the reader with a natural history of disposable batteries from the time the raw materials are extracted from the earth to the time they are recycled or in a land fill. The environmental impact that batteries have along the path of creation, use, and disposal is also covered. This paper also discusses the peripheral impact of batteries, including how they are shipped, how much fuel is used, and how much pollution is created. Finally, it looks at the social impact of batteries and facts about the societies that make, use, and dispose of batteries.
Introduction
Natural History of Disposable Batteries
Uses
Environmental Impact
Peripheral Impact
Social Impact of Batteries
From the Paper
"The concept of batteries was first discovered between 1780-1786 by Luigi Galvani. Galvani found that connecting iron and brass created an electrical current. His ideas were expanded upon by Alessandro Volta from 1796 to 1799 with the creation of the voltaic electricity. Voltaic electricity was found when Alessandro experimented with stacking silver and zinc plates to create a pile and form the first dry battery. Volta also created the first ?crown of cups? which consisted of silver and zinc discs that were covered in a salt solution."
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Bridge Design, 2004.
A discussion of different types of bridges, their advantages, and disadvantages.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the three most commonly constructed types of bridges in use today. The paper provides historical information about the bridges types, looks at their cost and the availability of materials for each of the bridges, as well as the complexity of engineering of each bridge. It goes on to explain how all of these factors, including a bridge's length capabilities and its artistic and aesthetic qualities, all go into the decisions that an engineer, designer, or contractor must consider when choosing the appropriate bridge for each necessary location and use.
From the Paper
"Bridges are an integral but often overlooked part of today?s commuting society. Most drivers feel completely secure and grounded when on any well-designed bridge, even though they may in fact be hundreds of feet in the air above a large gap or body of water. Bridges are not only functional for travel, but may be the key to growth and survival of many areas that would otherwise remain in isolation. Bridges also have a way of becoming important historical and artistic landmarks, and many bridges receive engineering and even artistic awards. Many cities like San Francisco, for example, are as recognizable by the their bridges as by any other city landmark. There are many different kinds of bridges used today. Three of the more common and interesting types of bridge in common usage today is the suspension bridge, the cable stayed bridge, and the reinforced concrete bridge."
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UCAVs, 2004.
An analysis of the implications for the use of UCAVs (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles).
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to provide an overview of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), what role they are currently playing, and how they might be used in the future. In order to assess the future trend of such military hardware, a critical review of the relevant literature is followed by the administration of a survey form to determine the social acceptability and military implications of such unmanned vehicles being used in lieu of human soldiers in the future. An analysis of the statistical data is followed by a narrative description of the findings and recommendations for the future.
From the Paper
"As the United States continues to wage a prolonged and costly regional war in the Middle East, there is growing concern among many observers in the military and legislature who contend the country is stretching its resources too thinly, and any eruption of hostilities in other parts of the world such as North Korea or Indonesia, for instance, would surely be disastrous. Adding further impetus to these worries are the growing casualty lists of American soldiers who are being killed by unseen and mostly unknown assailants. In this environment, then, any military tool that allows troops to remain out of harm?s way while gathering the essential intelligence required to prosecute an effective ground war must be viewed as a step in the right direction."
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Bad Engineering in Science Fiction, 2004.
This paper discusses that four works of science fiction stand out for their use of bad engineering: Jules Verne?s ?From the Earth to the Moon? (1865); Karel Capek?s ?R.U.R?(1921); Fritz Lang?s ?Metropolis? (1926); and Maurice Elvey?s ?Transatlantic Tunnel
1,865 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that some of the devices and instruments featured in many popular science fiction novels and films are, in essence, conceived through bad engineering, meaning that these devices and instruments are neither practical nor possible according to present scientific knowledge. The author points out that Verne?s ?rocket to the moon? stands as the ultimate example of bad engineering, even when one takes into consideration that Verne was using his imagination as a means of conveying his ideas to the reading public, who, at the time of the novel?s publication, were obviously quite ignorant of science. The paper relates that Capek?s plot in ?R.U.R? is the seminal robot motif that has influenced every science fiction film, but the vision of creating a race of robots that take over the roles usually assigned to human beings in the context of work and labor was far-fetched for its time and is still so even in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"Michel Ardan then suggests that the spaceship launching will be powered by a formidable quantity of guncotton, and that the occupants of this spaceship will be protected from the shock of the launch by a layer of water filling the space between the vehicle?s double walls. There will also be thick glass portholes for observation, sealed during the liftoff and then opened by screws controlled from the inside of the vehicle. The air supply will be renewed by oxygen obtained by heating potassium chlorate, a powerful oxidizing agent. The flight, of course, will be monitored from the ground by a powerful Rocky Mountain telescope operated by the Cambridge observatory."
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The Incredible German Sports Car, 2004.
Argues why German sports cars are superior to Italian sports cars.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper first describes what it is that buyers find so attractive in sports cars and then talks about what a buyer must consider when purchasing a sports car. The paper then goes on to explain that the superior engineering, design, reliability, and innovation of German sports cars makes them superior to Italian sports cars.
From the Paper
"Since the invention of the automobile, cars have taken an important role in our society. Once they were available only to the wealthy few that could afford them as a luxury in life. However, today cars have become a necessity for everyone. Everyone needs to commute to work, get to school, or go to the store; roads are filled curb to curb with traffic and cars of all sorts. However, that social status experienced by those wealthy enough to afford an early automobile can still be felt today by owning a sports car. ?Sports cars are for the individual who relishes a thrilling drive and a bolder visual statement with a hint of exclusivity. All style AND substance.... Power and speed, looks to die for and a throaty roar ? once you have driven a sports car then you never want to drive anything else.? (Sports Cars...) Like the change from riding a horse to driving a car, the difference between a standard family car and a speed-filled sports vehicle can be the boost to make life exciting again. Purchasing a sports car is a fun and exciting event, but one must remember that it is a very serious investment to make. Car lovers must consider many things when deciding upon a sports car, many things that do not necessarily go into the purchasing of a mini van for the kids."
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Sweetening Natural Gas, 2004.
Describes the most chemical process most commonly used for sweetening natural gas.
7,305 words (approx. 29.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 162.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by illustrating the process most commonly used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. The paper then goes on to describe an alternative method used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and describes the benefits of this method, as well as some of the problems associated with it. Additionally, the paper points out that the water content of natural gas is an important engineering consideration concerning the sweetening process and presents an overview of the properties of pure acid gases and water and hydrogen sulfide. The paper then goes on to outline and explain additional processes and engineering considerations concerning the removal of hydrogen sulfide and includes some cost estimates and comparisons of the processes.
Properties of H2S and CO2
Vapor / Liquid Properties of Pure Compounds
Vapor / Liquid Phase Behavior
Acid Gas Compression and Dehydration
Metallurgy
Acid Gas Dehydration
Acid Gas Injection Facilities
Cost Comparisons with Small Scale Sulfur Recovery Options
Operating Costs
From the Paper
"Sour natural gas contains hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has to be removed to meet specifications for sales gas. Sour natural gas also contains carbon dioxide (CO2). The removal of CO2 and H2S, usually called acid gases, from sour natural gas is generally accomplished by means of a regenerative solvent. There are several amine solvents used for this purpose. Upon regeneration of the solvent, the acid gases are liberated, and are usually sent to a modified Claus plant, where the H2S is converted to elemental sulfur (Canjar & Manning 1967). The acid gas stream to the modified Claus plant consists of H2S, CO2, water vapor and minor amounts of hydrocarbon gas."
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Graph Theory and Road Redesign, 2004.
This paper explores the ways in which graph theory can be joined to computer simulation programs to make the planning stages of road redesign more efficient and more accurate.
5,240 words (approx. 21.0 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that graphs allow for a simplification of the real world, doing away with extraneous details without sacrificing any information necessary for the task. The author points out that graph theory is the best tool to use to solve the problem of road conversion because it is the most parsimonious. The assumptions made by graph theory more closely than any other model or theory match the real-world conditions. The paper states that, in converting roads, the effect in the real world will be a disruption of what had been the shortest paths between different points, and urban planners will include some consideration of shortest path issues. Tables and figures.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Graph Theory as the Basis for Conversion of Two-Way Roads
Undirected Graphs to Digraphs
Reachability Problem
Shortest Path Problem
Importance of Simulation
Comment on Validity of Data
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The specific shortest path method that is most useful in this particular type of problem is Pallottino?s graph growth algorithm with two queues. It must be emphasized that the determination of the shortest path algorithms is perhaps the most important component of any network analysis. It is also quite often the first step in any network analysis as the determination of the shortest path is often needed as a key datum in making later choices."
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"Invention by Design", 2004.
A review of the engineering book, "Invention by Design", by Henry Petroski.
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the book, "Invention by Design" by Henry Petroski, published in Cambridge, MA, by the Harvard University Press in 1996. Specifically, it discusses what in the book is relevant to the mechanical engineering program, the author's main points, and whether these points are valid or invalid. It looks at how Henry Petroski's book takes engineering to a level that just about anyone can understand and makes it interesting even to the layperson. This book is not only an excellent introduction to the many facets of engineering; it is also a fascinating look into engineering by example, from the simple paper clip to the complicated Boeing 777 aircraft. It also shows how it is a fascinating look into what makes good engineering and what engineers actually do.
From the Paper
"Another critical issue in the book is how the case studies are presented. Each study begins with a bit of history, and then moves into the critical issues involved in the design and engineering of the object, such as the sewers of Paris as a precursor to the evolution of water quality engineering. Had the case studies taken a different approach, the book might not have met its goal of "making sense of many of the interrelated aspects of engineering," but because of these critical inclusions, the book not only meets, but exceeds its goals. It is clear that engineering is a vital force in the modern world, and that just about every action the engineer attempts can be critical in some form or another."
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Research Methodology for Electrical Systems, 2004.
An examination of the harmful effects of ?non-linear load? electrical systems.
987 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research paper investigates the affects of using capacitors to manage the disruptive harmful effects of VSDs to the power supply flow and evaluates factors that affect the cost?benefit ratio of these devices.
From the Paper
"Electrical equipment generically termed ?non-linear load?, such as variable speed drives (VSDs), uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs), computer power supplies, etc. have a detrimental effect on the quality of the supply to which they are connected. When determining power quality and taking any appropriate measures, it is common practice to monitor the point of common coupling (PCC) and this is often accepted as the point at which power comes into an establishment, i.e. the point of metering."
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