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PVC: A Mechanical Failure Analysis, 2007.
This paper examines the testing, dangers and failures of PVC materials.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that plastic pipes, tubing and other items are essentially a part of today's industries; they have almost replaced copper pipes and tubing, as well as aluminum and steel materials. The paper explores the dangers of PVC and examines how researchers have found that when infants are treated with medical devices that contain PVC in any form, they are inadvertently exposed to very high levels of a toxic chemical. The paper also shows that it was found that PVC can be dangerous if used while transporting compressed gases in above the ground installations, because the pipeline could rupture. The paper contends that policies and recommendations would help in the analysis, testing and the implementation of proposals and recommendations when using PVC.
From the Paper
"Mechanical testing of PVC resins would have to be carried out to find out if the combination has created a success of a potential failure. (Portnoy,199) However, the determination of the actual root cause of the failure of systems or components, like for example, the PVC tubing in an industry, can be an extremely complex proposition, because of the fact that it would involve multi-disciplinary testing and analysis. (Matco Associates inc. Failure Analysis)."
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Materials Revolution, 2006.
A look at the various new materials available to designer and architects, and how this has changed the face of urban structure.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the introduction of new materials in recent decades has provided urban designers and architects with the opportunity to transform the relationship that has historically existed between people and their environments through innovations in construction and the materials from which these buildings are constructed. This paper provides an overview of some of the historical issues, such as the history of plastics, ceramics, semiconductors and reviews questions about the design issues that emerge from the nature of the materials themselves. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Historical Issues and Influences
Emergent Technological and Design Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Citing the example of Japan finding itself in need of coal during the 1930s, Bell reports that the Japanese simply acquired more material by invading Manchuria and appropriating their resources. This author also observed early on that the materials revolution would have a profound effect on how architects and designers selected the materials needed for any given applications, and suggested that new technologies would emerge that would allow for completely customizable materials for any given purpose. This, in fact, is what has taken place in recent years. Indeed, innovations in materials science as well as manufacturing applications that have introduced new composites and the potential for increasingly tiny applications of these substances at the molecular level through nanotechnology promise even more science-fiction-into-science fact realities. "
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Mechatronic Systems, 2007.
An analysis of mechatronic-based building management systems in institutional environments today.
2,837 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how many buildings today feature fully computerized building management systems that monitor energy use and maintenance schedules on a continuous basis. The paper shows how the trend towards this coalescence of different types of mechanical and electronics technologies has increased in recent years. The paper discusses how they help eliminate the need for human oversight, but the process is not without its challenges and constraints. The paper explores these systems and concludes that as building management professionals gain additional experience with these systems, it can be expected that additional applications will be identified that will make these systems more effective in the future.
Outline:
Summary
Keywords
Functional Description
Technologies at Play
HVAC Servicing Expectations
Conclusion and Proposals for Improvement
From the Paper
"The encyclopedic entry for mechatronics indicates that, "Mechatronics is centred on mechanics, electronics and computing which, combined, make possible the generation of simpler, more economical, reliable and versatile systems" (Mechatronics, 2006, p. 2).
"According to Tolentino (2000), in recent years, mechatronics-based systems and processes that combine mechanical and electronics technologies have emerged that involve the application of the most advanced computer technologies in design, manufacturing and engineering along with the use of more advanced technological breakthroughs associated with high-definition television, innovative materials and chemicals, as well as advanced microchip technology."
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The Drowsy Driver, 2007.
This paper examines the consequences of drowsy driving and a potential mechanical solution to the problem.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a study that uses human-machine interactive features of the automobile to determine if the driver of the automobile is becoming drowsy. This mechanism is intended to provide a warning to the driver in such a situation. In this way, the drowsy driver can be kept awake by the vehicle he or she is driving, a safety feature that could prevent many accidents caused by drowsy drivers. Several studies that have approached the issue of drowsiness detection based on the use of artificial neural networks are described. The paper includes two charts.
From the Paper
"For the current project, some of this existing research may be adaptable to a new use or may provide guidance for solving the problems associated with drowsy driving. For the current project, the primary goal is to develop an algorithm, using the programs of Matlab, Simulink, and Stateflow, an algorithm that can determine an automobile
driver's relative awareness or drowsiness while maneuvering the vehicle. While this seems quite concise in summation, in reality there is much to consider when talking about the issues involved in such a development. For example, it should be asked what created the need for designing this new system and what would be the right technique in developing the system for driver use. Another question to be raised is what problems does the developed algorithm not take into account during its development, issues that may have to be considered later."
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Predictive Maintenance of HVAC Systems, 2006.
An analysis of predictive maintenance on heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) Systems.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the importance of predictive maintenance, otherwise known as condition monitoring, on HVAC systems. The paper focuses on chillers and cooling water circulation pumps and motors. The paper discusses how in the past, conventional maintenance approaches frequently resulted in equipment downtime as the result of faulty preventative maintenance systems; equipment would experience repeated failures due to over-capacity or design flaws that were not identified prior to being placed into operation.
Outline:
Background and Overview
Predictive Maintenance (Condition Monitoring) of HVAC Systems
Chillers and Cooling Water Circulation Pumps and Motors
Summary
From the Paper
"The need to identify better maintenance techniques is also congruent with the observation by Frendedall and his colleagues that, "Over the past decade there has been increased recognition that in a world class organization, maintenance is not a separate, isolated function that makes repairs and performs assorted activities as needed. Rather, maintenance is a full partner striving together with the other functions to achieve the firm's strategic goals." In the past, conventional maintenance approaches frequently resulted in equipment downtime as the result of faulty preventative maintenance systems; equipment would experience repeated failures due to over-capacity or design flaws that were not identified prior to being placed into operation. According to Thatcher, "In each case, the fix is a relatively simple one. Once discovered, however, the cost to replace or repair it can have a major impact on the organization's ability to continue to produce." The reference to "strategic" is a common theme in the scholarly literature concerning appropriate predictive maintenance regimens, and these issues are discussed further below."
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Pharmacogenomics, 2007.
A look at the human genome project with respect to gene expression profiling.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at gene expression profiling which is defined as a basic research method that effectively measures messenger RNA that has been made up of many different genes belonging to many different cell types. It discusses how this technology is being widely accepted and used as a diagnostic test to help the technician to easily identify the various subgroups of tumor types and to help predict which patients would better respond to treatment, and also which patients may be at an increased risk of a relapse of cancer.
From the Paper
"Any cells, within an organism, like for example, within a human being, works especially in order to increase the basic functioning and efficiency of that organism. For example, Nerve cells, or in other words, neurons, are capable of expressing neuron specific proteins, and this would allow it to perform neuron duties more efficiently. Similarly, skin or epithelial cells have their very own and specific proteins, and this enables them to work better. It must be noted that both neurons as well as epithelial cells possess the genes-encoding for neural and epithelial-specific proteins, and this makes sure of their effective and efficient and protective functioning. However, each cell can only express that particular gene that it may require, and not any other tissue specific genes. What this may be taken to mean is that a given DNA sequence can only provide specific information about what 'could be', and not what actually 'is'."
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Genetically Modified Food, 2007.
A metadata analysis of the capacity of intensification of agricultural production via genetic engineering to feed a growing population.
16,724 words (approx. 66.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the assumption that the gene revolution--represented by the integration of genetic engineering techniques into the field of agriculture--is capable of positively affecting the current human population crisis. The study examines this very ideological assumption that has not largely been challenged in the popular or critical literature on the subject. It then attacks that assumption and illustrates its erroneous base.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Introduction and Statement of Problem
1.1 Statement of Problem
1.2 Purpose of the Study
1.3 Importance of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Rationale of the Study
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.7 Overview of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Scope of the Literature Review
2.2 Intensification of Production is Favourable
2.3 Intensification of Production is Unfavourable
Chapter Three: Methodology
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Database of Study
3.4 Validity of Study
3.5 Originality and Limitations
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In order to fully examine that relationship, it was necessary to critically examine literature, statistics, and historical examples that might shed some light on the relationship that exist between food production and population growth. Additionally, studies were consulted that spoke to the capacity for genetically modified foods to increase agricultural production. In all, the range of information required for this study was significant and at times may have appeared to stray beyond the limited scope of genetically modified food. However, in order to demonstrate the manner by which genetically modified food would have its greatest negative impact upon human societies, it was essential to take a broader look at the role that genetically modified foods have played in the intense push to intensify agricultural production year after year in order to presumably keep up with geometric population growth by always generating more food than is needed."
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Requirements Engineering, 2006.
A discussion on the use of requirements engineering to help grasp requirements in the analysis phase of the software development life cycle.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses success of a project as very much dependant on the accurate, unambiguous and a well-developed requirements specification. The paper goes on to describe requirements engineering's role in assisting the software developer to grasp requirements within software development without room for any ambiguity.
Table of Contents:
Thesis
Introduction
Requirements Engineering
Elicitation
Elicitation Techniques (Interviewing, Workshops, Prototypes)
Requirements Analysis
Requirements Analysis Tools
Documentation
Validation and Approval
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sometimes prototyping is also used as an important requirements elicitation tool. This is more so in cases where the requirements are ambiguous, making the feedback from users as an important input before proceeding with the actual project development and implementation. Prototypes, typically, have only a portion of the functionality of the system. However, they are very effective in uncovering hidden user requirements. Experts opine that prototyping, being a model of the proposed system, eliminates the problems with the 'Yes but' syndrome as it clearly shows the user what the developed system would do for them. Prototypes are "a partial implementation of a software system, built to help developers, users, and customers better understand the requirements of the system" [Leffingwell, 149]"
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Firefighting, 2006.
This paper gives an historical approach to firefighting and describes hazards encountered during operations.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the early history of firefighting in America. It focuses in particular on the city of Hackensack and the formation there of a voluntary fire brigade. The paper further describes hazards that were encountered in the early days of American firefighting and today. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of the firefighters themselves understanding building structures and reporting conditions up the chain of command.
From the Paper
"Although there was plenty of controversy surrounding the issue, wherein some stated that it was plain human error, and bad judgment, while some others stated that it was because of interference, or due to mechanical malfunction, the actual truth, as it was later discovered, was that the firefighters had been inadvertently transmitting their communications on a general channel, and since nobody listened to it, no one knew that they were all trapped upstairs, and therefore, no one could rescue them. Since the fact cannot be proved beyond reasonable doubt, and since not one of those firefighters in the incident came out alive, one must believe that a combination of different factors led to such grave fatalities in the firefighting department of Hackensack, in July 1, 1988, in New Jersey. (The Hackensack Fire Radio Communications Issue) "
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Production Management, 2006.
A discussion on production and production management.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper uses an example of a manufacturer of engineering products to highlight the functions of production management. It discusses the role of and abilities needed in a production manager. The paper also explores, by example, the production line and its problems. The author expands on the Japanese system of "kanban".
From the Paper
"The organization that we are talking about is a manufacturer of engineering products, and the major part of the work seems to be assembling different items into a final product. The function concerned is called in management terms as production management. The most important part of the capacity of a production manager is the ability to balance risks and costs. The duty of the production manager is to keep a track of the involved costs on a regular basis. (Production Management) In this relevant case we have to prepare the job schedules in a detailed manner and for that purpose nowadays there are many different varieties of computer programs which are being available for use. Yet even before finally deciding upon which program or method need to be utilized for the purpose, one has to study about the entire procedure in a most detailed manner."
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Animal Testing, 2005.
This paper argues against animal testing.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that people might talk about the benefits of animal testing but it is established that animal testing can delay the production of drugs, which would be beneficial to the humans, because they expressed adverse reactions in the animals. The author suggests that there are other alternatives to animal testing including test tube experimentation of human tissue cultures. The paper states that, even though it is difficult to measure the degree of pain and stress caused animals through this inhumane treatment of animals, which no legislation can prevent, this use of animals is immoral and unethical.
Table of Contents
Animal Testing - The Cons
Animal Testing - The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Moreover, vivisection does not guarantee the accuracy of the treatment as human diseases differ from animal diseases and the result can be very misleading at times. Further the therapy of the drug differs depending on the species that it is used upon. Therefore a drug might have beneficial effects on a monkey but it could have adverse effects on a human. Belladonna is harmless to rabbits but can kill a human. More examples like these are seen throughout history and one was seen in England where Opren, an anti-rheumatic drug, caused the death of over 70 people and put over 3000 people into critical conditions."
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Genetic Engineering, 2006.
This paper argues primarily in favor of genetic engineering (GE) but also points out some potential problems.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that what is called "genetic engineering" has been accomplished for centuries via cross-breeding; however, the risk with GE is that genes can be combined in ways never before possible and with possibly unpredictable results. The author points out that (1) GE often benefits society by producing new materials, (2) plants can be produced that grow more vigorously, produce more food and are more resistant to insects and other crop-reducing problems and, (3) possibly the most compelling one, is that we can benefit medically from its use. The paper reports that the fundamental principle of the ethical standards for GE is that the likely benefits must outweigh the likely risks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Other concerns involve the role genes play in who we are. While some believe that all of human health, illness and even behavior are driven by genes, others recognize that the external environment in which the human resides affects gene actions, including whether they switch on or switch off certain proteins. Those actions affect how the gene affects the body. Nature and nurture often work together, even when genetics play a strong role in a medical problem. Some sociologists are calling for a new sub-discipline of medical sociology, which they would call "genetic sociology," to monitor and evaluate the effects of GE on society. This might be a good idea for all uses of GE, and not just for medical uses. It would be hubris to assume that we can predict all possible outcomes from gene manipulation."
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Hurricane Kathleen, 2006.
Reviews literature pertaining to Hurricane Kathleen that swept through New Orleans in 2005.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
Hurricane Katrina touched land near New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29, 2005 and its storm surge ripped the levees built to protect New Orleans from Lake Pontchartrain. With hundreds dead and damage along the coastal regions of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama costing more than $200 billion, Katrina is considered the most destructive and costliest tropical cyclone to hit the United States. This paper examines literature relating to Hurricane Katrina. Among the texts explored are: J. Galle's "Vulnerable Cities" (2005), "New Orleans' Levees Not Built for Worst Case Events" by B. Handwerk (2005) and "New Orleans: Nature's Revenge" by A. Blenford (2005).
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Methods
Findings
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Delta soils by nature compact and sink in time, giving way to open water, except when fresh layers of sediments are placed to offset them. The Mississippi spring floods previously retained that balance, but yearly deluges were often destructive. The strong flood 1927 erased the levees, lined with concrete and funneled marsh-building sediments to the deep waters of the Gulf. Engineers also severed more than 8,000 miles of canals through the marsh for petroleum exploration and ship traffic (Bourne 2005). These new ditches increased the incidence of erosion and allowed huge and lethal amounts of salt water to penetrate and infiltrate brackish and freshwater marshes."
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Technology and Nursing, 2005.
This paper explores the inter-relationship of technology on nursing and the influence of nursing on technology.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the use of technology encourages new and innovative strategies to improve patient care delivery by enabling nurses to operate more effectively and continue with their jobs. The paper contends that one of the driving reasons for the increased use of technology may be an increase in patient care hours that the hospital has to face, decreased charges that can be levied, elimination of non-professional tasks that are carried out by the registered nurses and additional time that has to be spent by them for teaching patients and their families; however, there may be restrictions due to the reduced control over care for patients, concerns about the supervision of unlicensed staff and the desire to maintain the present situation
Table of Contents
History of Technology and Its Influence on Nursing
The Values and Beliefs of Nurses and Other Healthcare Providers Influenced the Evolution and Usage Technology in Nursing
From the Paper
"In more than 90 percent of the cases, the nurses clearly stated that they had left their jobs voluntarily, and the proportion is more than 90 percent. Only in about three percent of the cases, the reasons for change was mutual between the nurse and the employer and in two percent of the cases, the nurse had been dismissed from their jobs. Clearly there is no desire among employers to dismiss nurses, since costs are involved in recruiting nurses, training the nursing staff and these costs are substantial for a hospital. Thus in spite of all the technical changes that have been going on, the reactions among the nursing staff is not very aggressive."
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Management and Operations Management Theory, 2006.
A look at the four functions of management and the operations management theory.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The functions of management and operations management go hand in hand. This paper defines the four functions of management - planning, organizing, leading (motivating) and controlling, together with the operations management theory. It then provides an analysis of how the functions of management affect the operations management.
Outline
Abstract
The Four Functions of Management
Operations Management Theory
Impact of Management Function on Operations Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the goal of organizing is to produce better results, similarly leading or motivating is necessary for an organization to extract maximum performance out of the workers. With appealing incentives, workers would work honestly and put in their best. This in turn would save the company time and there would be a complete control of the managerial department over things like production control and quality control. When an employee is rewarded for work hard done, then it is only natural that they would put in the most effort. An employee would by nature be well-organized thus bringing the load off the managerial department as far as quality control is concerned. It would also give a higher rate of production and an organization can comply with increasing demands."
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Assistive Technology, 2005.
This paper discusses assistive technology, any equipment used to increase, maintain or improve the capabilities of persons suffering from any type of disabilities or impairment.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one area of assistive technology refers to devices that are used by disabled people to promote an easy access to computers, such as text-to-speech screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative keyboards, head pointing equipment and screen magnifiers. The author points out that 'Speech Recognition' software is often used by individuals with dyslexia and dysgraphia; however, a basic training process is required by which the computer is learns to recognize and accept the individual user's speech patterns. The paper relates that home or workplace modifications, such as ramps, lifts and adaptations in the bathrooms and toilets, can be done so that the individuals can move around within their own familiar surroundings without much difficulty.
From the Paper
"Assistive technology devices to be used at home also include, among others, several self-help aids that the individual can use at home to help him in his various activities like eating, bathing, cooking, dressing, toileting, the maintenance of his home, and so on. Persons with difficulty with communication can use electronic as well as non-electronic devices that would enable them to communicate better with other people associated with them. A computer that would work as an assistive device is an extremely important and useful tool for those who have any type of disabilities, and one example of this is the various input and output devices available for such people, like speech recognition software, Braille, and touch screens."
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21st Century Energy Demands, 2006.
Examines globalization and the demands for energy in the 21st century.
5,100 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
According to recent reports, supplying enough energy on a reliable basis at prices that will not cripple the global economic growth has become a challenge with consequences that are difficult to predict. The paper shows that, although this will provide new opportunities for oil and gas companies, pipelines, generators, utilities and others in the energy business, it also carries serious risks. The paper shows that the demand for energy is growing, not only in the developed economies of Europe, Japan and North American, but in developing countries as well. In fact, the fastest demand growth is in China and other emerging markets, thus from one side of the globe to the other, societies are needing and demanding more fuel. The paper examines how the world is able to deal with increased energy demands in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"There is no avoiding the fact that the success of globalization is underscored by dramatic increases in consumption, and with increased consumption comes environmental degradation (Marber pp). Current and projected damage to the environment can impede economic progress, and climatic changes attributed to greenhouse gas emissions and pressure on natural resources have become serious problems (Marber pp). Resource scarcity is an issue the world will have to confront as two to three billion more people consume like middle class Americans over the next fifty years (Marber pp)."
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Electronics Aiding Humanity, 2005.
This paper reviews many examples of advanced electronics, which are playing very critical roles in many areas including the biomedical and learning environments.
3,015 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that electronics technologies empower man to do things that were never imagined before such as completing advanced tasks faster and easier such as the automated teller machines (ATMs). The author points out that advances in the discipline of biomedical engineering have made the impossible "possible" by working closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers to develop a range of computing, instrumentation, imaging and telemedicine equipment. The paper relates that electronic forms of learning, calls "e-learning", have evolved in different methods, which makes use of assisted programs and software in which the speed of teaching can be adjusted to the learning ability and speed of the learner and to physical impairments.
Table of Contents
The Importance of Electronics in Today's Society and How Mankind Relies on the Current Technologies
Electronics Technology in the Development and Aid of Human Life and Longevity
Technical Achievements in the Area of Biomedics
Technology in Electronics - Aiding Other Defects of Humanity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The truth that electronics aid humanity may be a subject for debate. However, it must be noted that nothing else may beat your doubt on electronics but the fact that we can derive from others' experiences that the technological advances in electronics really assist man in sustaining his life and surviving from the weaknesses of our physical body. More so, we may derive such information from our relatives and friends who may have experienced recovering from diseases with the aid of advanced biomedical machines, made possible by advanced electronics. Or, you can also ask this question to yourself to provide a view on how effective do you really believe can technology as applied in electronics will help, assist, and aid humanity?"
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