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Behavioral Management for Early Childhood - Pre-K, 2008.
This essay discusses the issue of maladaptive behavior in the early educational setting. Specifically, it looks to identify maladaptive behaviors, apply current theories and correct these behaviors.
5,203 words (approx. 20.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper looks into the issue of increasing violent behavior among young school age children, while asserting that there is growing evidence that early intervention by schools to correct maladaptive behavior may result in decreased violent behavior as these children grow older. Furthermore, this paper looks at the issue from the view of early childhood professionals, stating the importance of recognizing these aggressive behaviors and managing them properly. The paper discusses the differences between normal maladaptive behavior from pathological behavioral disorders as well as the theories that govern a child's development of behavior and how these are applied to the current knowledge of managing behavior. Lastly, the paper discusses methods or models that are used to correct these behaviors.
Outline:
Introduction
Normal Misbehavior and Disruptive Behavior in Preschool Children
Theories in Child Behavior Development
Management for Normative misbehavior among Preschoolers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the two cases presented by Goodwin et al (2003), these preschoolers were seen to manifest with behavioral problems due to reasons that could and were remedied by the Childreach program. Three-year old Kelsey had been acted out aggressively because of feeling of isolation. She appeared to have problems with excessive nasal discharge secondary to allergies. Breathing through her mouth made her drool as well. She also had a problem with controlling her urinary impulses as she suffered from toilet training delays as well. Because of this, Kelsey was isolated by her peers and she was often ignored. Kelsey began to seek attention by physically hurting her peers. This kind of reaction did not make her popular but it did get people's attention. The Childreach program helped her improve her hygiene and social skills. Addressing these two issues had allowed Kelsey to have friends. In another case, Richard was referred to the Childreach program due to defiance, opposition, and aggression. It had been found that Richard's language skills was delayed by 18 months and his aggression was rooted from his frustration from not being able to follow, or appropriately respond to his environment. Therefore, his inability to communicate properly was addressed, and both parents and teachers were taught better ways to communicate with him."
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Educational Administration: The Principal, 2008.
An overview of the role and responsibilities of the primary school principal.
1,618 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the principal at the primary school, what she is doing right, and what she could be doing differently. In particular, it looks at how one of her largest concerns during this time is legislation and how political issues have gained national attention since the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation has shifted focus from the distribution of inputs to outputs. It discusses how school leaders are being thrust into a political debate as they must learn how the new terms will be applied to their schools.
From the Paper
"The current phase of educational reform has stimulated an unprecedented demand for new knowledge of curriculum, pedagogy, and organizational improvement at the school and system levels (Ammeter, et al., 2002). Hence, today's principals are faced with the complex tasks of creating a school-wide vision, being an instructional leader, planning for effective professional development, guiding teachers, handling discipline, coordinating pupil transportation, and attending school events, as well as all the other details that come with supervision of a school (Leadership, 2000). Our current primary school principal does an overall good job of making these areas balance relatively well. She has not attended every school event, however, and some of the professional development that she probably needs to keep up with changing times has not been completed because of time constraints. This could negatively impact her in the future, and could also be a problem for the school, as it could fall behind if the principal does not keep up with the way that education is changing. "
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ADHD and ODD: A Case Study, 2008.
A case study of a child who has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.
1,072 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of a 6-year-old boy affected with ADHD and ODD. The author describes the boy's behavior, giving examples, and discusses several of the concerns of his parents and educators. The author explains the methods currently used by his teachers and parents to work with his disorders and increase his attention. The paper also provides suggestions for further improving his attention and his learning abilities.
From the Paper
"Reflected in Michael's inability to sit still during read aloud time, Michael also expresses no verbal desire to read silently, or even flip through picture books for more than a few minutes. Michael states to the EA frequently that he does not want to learn how to read because it is boring. The EA has in the past had no answer but more recently devised a way to help Michael understand the importance of reading by bringing simple instructions to school that accompany objects and items that almost cannot be used without a careful reading of the simple instructions."
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Teacher Attitudes in the Classroom, 2008.
An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the educational system that impact teacher attitudes toward mainstreaming special needs children into the general education classroom.
2,198 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses teacher attitudes toward mainstreaming special needs children into the general education classroom. It discusses the need to create collaborative and supportive systems where teachers do not feel isolated and unsupported in the classroom so that they can effectively overcome barriers to learning that may exist, as well as overcome the largest barrier - the resistance to change. The paper also looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Perception is Key
Strengths and Weaknesses
Theory and Practice
Action Learning
Action Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Learning in the workplace has increased in both efficacy and application with regard to the teaching classroom. This is in part in response to mandates that forced the system to reevaluate the preparedness of teachers in the filed, with regard to mainstreaming students. Different schools and districts of course vary in effectiveness, both by self and outside evaluation in both instructing special needs children and in supporting teachers to do so. Creating collaborative and supported system where teachers do not feel isolated an unsupported in the classroom is essential to overcoming barriers to learning that may exist as well as to overcome the largest barrier the resistance to change. The strengths and weaknesses of the system as it stands are therefore variable to place and time but the classroom itself, if supported is one of the best learning environments for teachers that exists as the experience of teaching cannot be explained in theory as well as it can be lived in the classroom."
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Careers in Community Health, 2008.
A descriptive essay relating the requirements for pursuing a career in the public health sector.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses community health and deals with the promotion of health in the community and states that it is a system to ensure that the community is in a state of well being and has the capacity to live and work. The paper further states that it is society's obligation to create an organized system to maintain health and prevent illness but this encompasses a multitude of sectors. The paper concludes that for a person to pursue a career in public health, it is imperative that he obtains a college degree or attend an undergraduate course that is supplemented with other courses such as biology and mathematics.
From the Paper
"For a person to pursue a career in public health, it is imperative that he obtains a college degree. A person may take any undergraduate course. However, it should be supplemented with other courses such as biology and mathematics, depending on what area of public health that person would like to focus on. A person who wishes to have an edge for career advancement in public health should at least obtain a Masters degree. Having a graduate degree will enable a public health professional to further broaden his knowledge on local, national, and global legislative and social policies; he will be able to apply advance research methods; he will be able to develop multidisciplinary and collaborative strategies for tackling health issues, and he will be able to develop leadership skills necessary for health promotion and disease prevention."
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IT Help Desks, 2008.
An analysis of potential benefits and associated costs of installing a "Help Desk Service" at Charles Sturt University.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses what services a help desk can provide at Charles Sturt University. The paper provides an explanation concerning how these services should be delivered and an explanation as to who will benefit from its use and why, from both staff member and student perspectives. In addition, the paper provides a description of existing alternatives and gives some broad general cost comparison for these different approaches. A discussion of organizational issues that can reasonably be expected during the implementation of such a help desk service is followed by some examples of where this type of technology is already in use, and commentary concerning their respective successes.
Outline:
Services Provided by Typical IT Help Desks
How Services Should be Delivered
Beneficiaries of Help Desk Service
Cost Comparisons
Examples of IT Help Desks Currently in Use and Their Respective Effectiveness
From the Paper
"One major company that has used its IT help desk function to good effect is U.S.-based Convergent Industries of Atlanta, Georgia (hereinafter "Convergent" or "the company"). Today, Convergent provides a wide range of services to a number of Fortune 100 companies and delivers a comprehensive help desk function to its customers seeking information on a various company products and services. The company's current client list is comprised of various world-class organizations in the financial services, retail, automotive, and healthcare sectors (Corporate brochure, 2008). As to the success of the company's IT help desk service, Convergent's expanding list of clients represents a fundamental challenge for the help desk function because it means the company's marketing division is doing its job effectively and its software developers are providing state-of-the-art products and services that make Convergent's marketing function easier. Conversely, this increasingly diverse mix of clientele, products and services has created "
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Education Technology, 2008.
This paper discusses incorporating technology into English as a Second Language (ESL) and English for Speakers of a Second Language (ESOL) education programs.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the integration of new technology into English as a Second Language (ESL) and English for Speakers of a Second Language (ESOL) educational programs is important to maximize their effectiveness. The educational value of new technology for students, teachers, and school personnel make its incorporation into the modern learning environment essential for maximum program success. The writer discusses that educational technology integration is equally useful in the ESL/ESOL curricula and in standard curricula, particularly in the case of delayed learners. The writer maintains that once the administrative decision to incorporate educational technology is made, the most important element for ensuring its success is educator training to understand and implement the software tools for optimum effect on learning.
Outline:
Introduction - Building Blocks for Educational Technology Integration
The Professional Competence Element of Program Evaluation
Predicting ESL/ESOL Student Response to Technology in the Learning Environment
Selecting the Right Technological Tools
Other Educational Applications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research-based Intellitools products are valuable teaching aides for reading, writing, and mathematics, in addition to introducing computer familiarity and literacy through their use. The IntelliTools products are adaptable to teaching core concepts, providing repetitive non-judgmental practice and immediate feedback, while tracking student responses and progress.
"Software designed by Educational Software Inc. adds another innovative concept to telling stories in its Virtual Storytelling program. The software features animation, sound effects, and interactive commands designed to capture the attention of the students from Pre-Kindergarten through 2nd Grade classrooms. The primary focus of the Virtual Storytelling software is providing 1st and 2nd Grade-level virtual stories in every subject area-related lesson. The idea is simply to promote learning through an enjoyable medium made possible by technology, particularly for the benefit of students with short attention spans, behavior problems, as well as those who exhibit hyperactivity."
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The National Writing Project, 2008.
A study proposal to look at the history of the National Writing Project and its implications for today's classrooms.
6,010 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 38 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the early history of the National Writing Project (pre 1974-1984) within a historical framework of educational reform and theory articulated by participants in the Project's first years. It investigates how a small group of innovative educators spanning all levels of education came together across curriculum barriers, across theoretical stances, and individual practices to focus on a new approach to classroom writing and teaching. It also explores the historical education background that led to this innovation, eventually named the National Writing Project, that started as a local (The Bay Area of California) response to problems in the American educational system.
Outline
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Research Study Methods
Qualitative/Quantitative Mixed Approach
Participants
Literature Review
Significance of the Research
Proposed Chapters
Bibliography
Appendix A: Informed Consent Letter
Appendix B: Interview Questions
Appendix C: Questionnaire
From the Paper
"Gray and his colleagues felt a need for change due to dismal testing scores for entering students at the college level. They turned from the existing theoretical educational background of Piaget and Skinner through a collaborative effort to offer, "teachers a program unlike any other they had experienced. The BAWP [Bay Area Writing Project] vision, conceived by a small group of classroom teachers, faculty and administrators at UC Berkeley, moved to improve writing in the schools by creating a new model for continuing education, one that recognized the expertise, knowledge and leadership potential of classroom teachers" (Gray and Sterling 1). They were prodded to action by the failure of the profession to understand that writing is fundamental to learning. New teachers were trained to teach reading but not writing. No teacher training courses offered a course in the teaching of writing in any university in the country. "
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Family Literacy Programs, 2008.
A research paper that attempts to identify a family literacy program which assists English language students to develop their language skills.
9,389 words (approx. 37.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses a study to identify best practices for the effective delivery of educational services to English literacy learning students using a family literacy program approach. The paper comments that the challenges of educating students who do not speak a societal language are enormous and that educating such students is not just a question of teaching English: It is rather a question of providing large numbers of students with access to the curriculum at the same time that they are learning English. The paper uses a five-chapter format to discuss questions related to the topic with the fifth chapter providing a summary of the research, salient conclusions and recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Design of the Study
Summary And Recapitulation Of Main Themes
From the Paper
"The day when a third of America was plagued by apartheid is long gone of course, and "white-only" waiting rooms and drinking fountains are a nasty thing of the past. Today, a black man and a white woman are candidates for the presidency of the United States, and it is clear that although much remains to be done, much has been accomplished in the last five decades to advance the rights of women and African Americans. In fact, there may come a day when blacks and white find themselves at a distinct disadvantage because of shifting demographic patterns in the U.S., and sharing a common language and a common - albeit shameful in some cases -- legacy will bring them closer together in the face of these multicultural trends. Even together, though, blacks and whites may be faced with a new United States in the mid-20th century where Spanish is the predominate language in a majority of the states of the union, and they will be seeking out family literacy programs to help them survive in this new environment just as ELL learners are doing today. Given these trends, it is clearly in the best interests of an increasingly polyglot nation to ensure that everyone can communicate, and the English-only initiatives springing up across the country will not solve the problem. What is needed is a more informed view of the problem by mainstream Americans, particularly since they or their children may well find themselves in the ELL predicament sooner than they might think. All in all, family literacy programs were shown to just be good business. These programs provide an enormous return on their investment, and because the investment is in the nation's future, they are also the right thing to do today to help ensure the viability of a different America in the coming years."
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Early Childhood Education, 2008.
A review of observing and assessing young children's education.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper defines "assessment" and states that educators use this in an attempt to see if a student qualifies to advance to the next grade. The paper relates that an assessment should be done by early childhood professionals, not only to check for the child's progress but also to test the effectiveness of a teacher's method of teaching. The paper states that assessment of a child's learning is done through observation, tests and checklists, and school projects. The paper discusses the many purposes of assessments and the manner in which the results are interpreted.
From the Paper
"Assessment of children serves several purposes. Authentic assessment evaluates the extent of a child's learning and his ability to follow directions on a certain activity. An assessment provides information to benefit other sectors that are involved with the child's development. Apart from quantifying what a child has learned so far, conducting an assessment also reveals his inadequacies. Early childhood professionals are able to communicate to families about their children's progress in learning. Learning in school and at home can be compared. Conducting an assessment will allow for the improvement of early childhood programs by identifying what policies are needed. Teachers benefit by knowing what to improve his lesson plans and methods. He is also able to relate to families regarding the children's academic performance. The general public also benefits from an assessment because it provides information regarding children's and students' school-wide achievements. It also provides information on which areas school programs are deficient, catalyzing policies to be made."
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Remuneration Packages of UK University Executives, 2008.
A study to investigate if the rank of a university has a significant effect on the salary of the Vice Chancellor and other staff at the university.
6,336 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study carried out that shows that university rank has a significant effect on the salary of Vice Chancellors (VC) because of limitations in financial resources at these institutions. Other findings in this study are that two factors hold primary influence in the remuneration package awarded to VCs at UK universities. These factors are internal pay scales of other academic employees and external pay scales of CEOs in other similar size firms in the UK.
Outline:
Introduction
Objectives
Research Question
Background of the Study
Overview of Following Chapters
Literature Review
Methodology
Analysis of Findings
Conclusion
Appendix A: VIice-Chancellors' Annual Salaries 2006-2007
From the Paper
"In a report published March 21 2006, it is related in the University of Surrey Students' Newspaper as follows: "Unions representing university teachers are calling for an inquiry in light of the recent revelations that Vice Chancellors have enjoyed a 25% pay increase over the past three years. Among the top paid Vice Chancellors in the country, the University of Surrey was the third highest. Although the national average for the VC increase was around a quarter, UniS and Cardiff gave their Vice-Chancellors the biggest rise with a 61% salary increase." (Bates and Ward, 2006) The report goes on to relate that an inquiry will be requested by the Association of University Teachers who plan to write to Ruth Kelly, Education Secretary, requesting the same. (Bates and Ward, 2006; paraphrased) This report states that it is important for Vice-Chancellors pay to be scrutinized in the same manner as lecturers and other staff at the universities. Bates and Ward state that while "Vice-chancellors do a demanding job as chief executives of complex, multimillion pound organizations..." they are paid for than the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in many cases. (Bates and Ward, 2006)"
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Bronfenbrenner and Development, 2008.
This paper discusses Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in many ways, the ecological theory posited by Bronfenbrenner can be used to describe the levels of development in the writer's personal and academic life. This theory of development is based on interactive levels of input and experience that can be transposed and used to discuss the decisions made in the writer's personal life, which led to a change from a career focused on children and family services to the geriatric population and gerontology. This paper not only attempts to show how this personal development corresponds to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development but also analyzes and elucidates this theoretical standpoint and its ramifications.
From the Paper
"In essence, the theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner stresses the quality as well as the context of the developmental environment that extends from childhood to adulthood and to later life. A central facet that is emphasized in the theory is the interaction between the individual and the environment and the complexity of this interaction in the developmental process. Many of the above stages can be relate to the different dimensions of an individual's development. For example, the Macrosystem can present environmental factors that can both help or hinder the developmental progress of the childe or young adult. "
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School Bullying, 2008.
An analysis of the physiological and psychological damage of bullying in school.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the effects that bullying and teasing in school have on elementary, middle school and high school students and the resulting damage to their physiological or psychological growth.
Outline:
Introduction
Bullying and PTSD
Lifetime Harm
Stressors Chemically Burned Into Long-Term Memory
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Nader and Koch entitled: "Does Bullying Result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Relates that bullying in schools "is a widespread problem that has received greater attention in recent years." (2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relate that bullying "occurs repeatedly over time and involves and ongoing pattern of harassment, intimidation and abuse." (2006; p.1) Furthermore, bullying may be physical or relational and generally occurs at school and "between peers within the same school year." (Nader and Koch, 2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relates that there have been studies to report negative psychological and physical effects of school bullying which include "...reduced self-esteem, poor physical health, decreased school attendance and performance and increased depression and anxiety." (2006; p.1) "
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The Technology Classroom - Positive Learning Advances, 2008.
A look at the impact of technology in the classroom.
941 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the remarkable technological advances in America's classrooms over the past ten or fifteen years that have changed the way teachers teach and the way students learn.
Outline:
Overview
Duhaney's Article Shows What Trained Teachers Can Do
Traditional vs. Innovative - and Innovative Wins
Using Technology to Pinpoint Specific Student Needs
From the Paper
"OVERVIEW: The remarkable technology advances in America's classrooms over the past ten or fifteen years have changed the way teachers teach and the way students learn. Not every classroom is up to date with high-end digital technology; but many, if not most, teachers have access to the Internet, and other helpful interactive technology tools. Students no longer create essays on typewriters, but instead Apple and Dell and other companies make computers available to schools at low prices. Writers Agapova and Ushakov, in their article, contrast the traditional with the innovative way (through ChemQuest) of teaching in high school chemistry classes. It proved successful. Teacher Mary Rooney in Philadelphia was able to pinpoint exactly where students were falling behind through the use of ISM technology, in Justine Brown's article. And as Devon Duhaney points out in his article, even though some teachers have a fear of new technologies, in a well-planned program by a knowledgeable teacher, there is the opportunity for wonderful interaction between students and teachers utilizing these marvelous technologies. The three articles bring out the point that when teachers have the training they need to implement the technologies fully and fairly, students are more than ready to learn in new and exciting ways. In fact, if teachers and schools do not provide the opportunity for students to learn with up-to-date technologies, students will be bored in a hurry and the learning will be limited."
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Achievement Gaps, 2008.
This paper discusses reasons for the existence of achievement gaps and looks at possible ways of reducing these gaps.
8,300 words (approx. 33.2 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 176.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for many years there has been a considerable achievement gap in America. Most often this achievement gap is evident when comparing wealthy children to poor children. There are also achievement gaps along the lines of race and gender. The writer explores why these achievement gaps exist and the ways in which these gaps can be reduced. The writer also provides some facts concerning the types of achievement gaps that exist in America. The writer maintains that achievement gaps between white and black students begin in elementary school and exist throughout adulthood. The research suggests that such factors as poverty, under funding and racism play substantial roles in contributing to the achievement gap amongst American students.
Outline:
Introduction
Achievement Gap
Why Does an Achievement Gap Exist?
Poverty
Unequal Funding
Locus of Control
Acting White
Academic Disengagement
Reasons for Academic Disengagement
How to reduce the Achievement Gap
Adequate School Funding and School Choice
Better Trained and Better Paid Teachers
Detracking
Changing Perceptions
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When schools do not have adequate funding they can not purchase enough books for every student, school equipment may be deteriorating and students may not have access to the technologies needed. A lack of these essential tools can make it difficult for students to thrive.
"In addition to adequate school funding, school choice may be needed in some districts. The issue of school choice is a controversial one but parents and students should not have to bear the cost of schools that are failing children and not providing them with the education needed to compete in the world. In a perfect world schools would get funding and well trained teachers but the reality is that in order to close the achievement gap some serious issues must be addressed and this may result in the temporary or permanent closing of underperforming or failing schools."
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Existentialism in Modern Education, 2008.
This paper discusses the application of an existential philosophical point of view to the role and methods of the modern educational process.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that while only a small percentage of students study existentialist philosophy in a formal sense, all students can benefit from an educational environment that incorporates elements of its point of view. The paper explains the primary purpose of the modern educational system and how a more existential approach to education would encourage students to use their educational opportunities to identify their true talents and most genuine academic and life interests. The paper then focuses on the role of the existential educator.
Outline:
Existential Philosophy in Education
Existential Values and Benefits in Education
The Role of the Educator
From the Paper
"Applying existentialism to modern education differs from many other types of suggestions for changes to educational philosophy in that it pertains almost exclusively to the motivational component rather than to any operational or mechanical aspect of teaching. Furthermore, because it relates exclusively to motivation for learning, the existential approach to education is equally applicable to virtually every subject and to all types of instructional methodologies."
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Literacy Program Study, 2008.
A study identifying ways a family literacy program can help English language learner students develop their English language skills.
784 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a description of a study design for teaching English as a second language. It proposes how the research will be conducted, including the measuring instrument used and how the data will be analyzed. The paper states that the study intends to use a random sampling approach to provide every member of the population (the total family members in the school) with an equal chance of being selected for participation in the study survey. The paper concludes with an explanation of how the data collected will be analyzed.
Outline:
Design of the Study
Selection of the Sample
Measuring Instrument
Procedures
Analysis of Data
References
Appendices
From the Paper
"The instrument to be used in this study will be based on The Home Activities Questionnaire developed by Hammer and Miccio (2000) wherein four quantitative dimensions of family literacy are examined: (a) parents' literacy activities (e.g., frequency with which the mother read a book, magazine, checked out a library book, use recipe, etc.), (b) parent-child literacy activities (e.g., frequency with which the parent taught colors, shapes, the alphabet, letter sounds, etc.), (c) the availability of reading materials (the number of adult and children's books available in the home), and (d) reading with children (frequency with which the parent reads books to the child) are measured using a Likert-scaled series of questions. These four dimensions will be measured using the questions in the proforma survey instrument at Appendix A. The questionnaire will be translated into Spanish and administered in the language of the subject's choice."
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Wash Your Hands!, 2008.
This paper discusses the implementation of an effective hand-washing hygiene program in schools.
2,451 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the spread of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections, influenza and the common cold that can be inhibited by proper hand-washing habits of school students. The paper describes a potential hand-washing campaign that actively involves the children themselves. The paper emphasizes that the students, with the help of the teachers, must direct the effort, because they have the most to gain and lose from the results of the program.
From the Paper
"Mother was right, you should 'wash your hands!' to prevent the spread of disease! Once upon a time, encouraging children to wash their hands in school before eating or after using the bathroom was seen as a way to instill good manners in young people. Now, however, proper hand-washing can be a matter of life and death for students and educators. Approximately 1/5 of the U.S. population attends or works in school on a full or part-time basis. This means that it is essential for the health of the public as well as students and educators that proper hygiene is practiced and the risk of communicable epidemics are minimized ("Seasonal Flu Information for Schools &Childcare Providers, CDC, 2008)."
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