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African American Students, 2008.
A research proposal to identify the factors that affect the academic achievement of African-American students and specifically the structural barriers or factors that negatively affect their achievement.
2,478 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a research proposal focused upon the academic achievement of African-American students and what may be done by educators to promote academic achievement among these students. The research takes a close look at cultural issues, community issues, family and ethnic issues and then reviews the methods traditionally used by educators in providing instruction to this set of students. The paper states that this research proposes addressing the all-encompassing factors after having identified those that have an effect upon the academic achievement of these specific students.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement / Background of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Review of Literature
Definition or Terms of the Study
Research Design & Procedures
Research Design & Theoretical Framework
Setting/Participants
Anticipated Ethical Issues
Significance of the Study
Expected Outcomes
Timeline and Appendices
From the Paper
"The work of Lewis and Moore in the work entitled: "African American Students in Kindergarten to Twelfth Grade Urban Settings" relates that over the past two decades a great amount of research has been conducted related to academic achievement of African American students and the fact is that: "Far too many urban African American students...are not making adequate progress in their academic subjects and on various high-stakes standardized tests." Included is research conducted and reported by Grantham & Ford ; Flowers, Milner & Moore ; Moore, Madison-Colmore & Smith . This work seeks to specifically identify structural barriers in the lives of African American students whether those barriers be within the home of students presented in the form of cultural factors such as the importance assigned to academic achievement in the student's family or whether those barriers present in the community culture assigning little or no importance to academic achievement. Finally, this work seeks to identify any barriers that present to academic achievement of African American students in the structure of the educational institution or school at focus in this study."
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A Pre-School Program, 2008.
This paper outlines the design of an engaging pre-school program based on the principles developed by Maria Montessori.
1,166 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper describes a preschool program for ages 3 to 5 years that employs Maria Montessori's principles, albeit with some refinements. The paper explains the space and material requirements and looks at the teacher assistance to be provided. The paper reveals that the preschool program envisioned has been shown to be effective in thousands of preschool settings and it can be successful in thousands of others as well.
Outline:
Space Requirements and Materials
Teacher Assistance Required and Classroom Administration
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The space provided by this envisioned pre-school program would require an typical classroom environment, with designated play, reading, art and rest areas; other features would include age-appropriate reading materials (e.g., Cat in the Hat et al.), tables and chairs, and basic art supplies (i.e., Elmer's, construction paper, crayons, modeling clay, paints and brushes, pipe-cleaners, glitter [teacher discretion], etc.), and toys and games (i.e., Chutes 'n Ladders, Candyland, balls, jacks, pick-up-sticks, jigsaw puzzles, etc.). Regardless of what type of materials are provided in the preschool classroom using this approach, though, it is important to keep in mind the Montessori principle of a providing a controlled (i.e., limited) environment."
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The No Child Left Behind Act, 2008.
An analysis of the adequate yearly progress (AYP) objectives that the No Child Left Behind Act requires and their limitations.
6,522 words (approx. 26.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the No Child Left Behind Act and the adequate yearly progress (AYP) objectives that the Act requires each state to develop. It describes and defines AYP and the number of students that are required in order to form a subgroup that is statistically valid. Specifically, the paper analyzes the benefits and limitations of the AYP requirements.
From the Paper
"Further, these schools have to be able to provide both support and maintenance for the technology that they have. Many of these more rural schools are not able to afford to employ an on-site coordinator to provide the support that is needed for the technology (Reeves, 2003). Once again, the most significant obstacle that is facing the rural school districts is the lack of access to the resources that they need. Under the current funding formulas that are used, there are many rural districts that do not have the access to financial resources that they need in order to be able to take advantage of the latest and greatest in technology (Reeves, 2003). Programs like the one that is offered in Missouri are one step closer to helping many rural schools to address the problems that are often associated with being both small, rural, and dealing with The No Child Left Behind Act."
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Problems with Bilingual Education, 2008.
Argues that a slow transitional approach to bilingual education best suits ESL student's long-term academic needs rather than short-term proficiency to meet narrow standards of literacy.
2,013 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over the best way to conduct bilingual classes for children. The paper reviews the literature on different approaches to bilingual education and argues that a transitional, rather than an immersive approach is the superior strategy to pursue with children. It also looks at the problems that there have been in implementing successful bilingual education classes and looks at possible solutions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Stakes of the Debate
Immersion versus other Methods of Instruction
What Approach is Best?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A fundamental paradigm shift is needed. Instead of asking what is the correct 'image' of American education, educators must ask what is the best way to teach students, and embark upon long, rather than short-term research studies of a variety of transitional approaches to determine the right way to strike an effective balance between English education immersion and bilingual support in other academic areas. The approaches must be logistically feasible, given the limited resources of many ESL programs, but must attempt to improve student's academic performance in the long, rather than the short term. A slow, transitional, combined approach seems to be supported in developmental theories of linguistic development and the research that exists regarding the different approaches: immersive, transitional, and developmental. Although further long-term study is needed, the currently popular immersive approach and approaches that fast-track ESL students into 'regular' classrooms serve the electoral needs of politicians better than the educational needs of ESL students."
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Strategy/Implicit Instruction, 2008.
This paper explores the strategy/implicit instructional strategy as suitable for a middle school mathematics class.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that strategy/implicit instruction is a student-centered approach, which focuses on the general skills, rules and processes required for learning a particular concept. The paper highlights the advantages of using this method and refers to several literary sources on the strategy/implicit instruction. The paper presents the conclusion that the combination of strategy/implicit instruction and direct instruction is the ideal method for teaching mathematics in the classroom.
From the Paper
"In order to make the right decision concerning the choice of instructional strategy for middle school mathematics class it appears necessary to take into consideration the general school mathematics standards and the peculiar needs, behaviors and interests of middle school students. Besides complying with the standards, an efficient strategy should promote successful and productive learning. When it comes to middle school, the instructional elements, which could be extremely useful, are the following: clear routines, integrated curriculum, cooperative groups, combination of challenge and support, resorting to real-life connections. All of the above can provide valuable assistance to the teacher. The environment in the class should promote inquiry- and project-based, cooperative instruction. Engaging activities and connections with real life are sure to increase students' motivation and involvement. Thus, the challenging material will be easily tackled by them."
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Direct Instruction, 2008.
An analysis of the process and benefits of the direct instruction approach to teaching.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the direct instruction approach to teaching that requires interaction between the teacher and their students. The paper describes the history of the approach and its application within the classroom. It discusses why and in what ways this approach has proven to be successful. It also looks at the population groups that the approach benefits most.
From the Paper
"Direct Instruction is distinguished among other approaches by its highly-scripted, teacher-directed methods that are not as flexible as the usual ones. Nevertheless, these methods work, and this is what is important. Although this opinion is shared by more than twenty researchers, there is an exception. Randall Ryder provided his own research that, according to his words, showed that the Direct Instruction is not always effective. Randall Ryder (2006), who is the Professor of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's School of Education, says that "Direct Instruction should be used only in certain, limited situations (p. 182). He also mentions that the lack of sensitivity of Direct Instruction towards the issues of race, poverty and religion, worsens the educational atmosphere (p.184)."
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Instruction For Every Student, 2008.
This paper discusses the incorporation of instructional levels, development levels, reading levels and disabilities in the classroom.
763 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper defines instructional levels and the teacher's challenge to meet the instructional levels of so many different learners. The paper then explains the term development levels that refers to students' cognitive, social and emotional characteristics and quantifies how a student's performance compares with others their own age and ability levels. The paper then looks at disabilities and explains that they should be an essential part of any curriculum discussion because they can impact a student's ability to learn certain material. Finally, the paper discusses reading levels and curricular goals that help teachers structure and focus their lessons.
Outline:
Instructional Levels
Development Levels
Disabilities
Reading Levels
Curricular Goals
From the Paper
"According to Burns, VanDerHeyden, and Jiban (2007), instructional level refers to the level at which students find tasks challenging, but achievable. The instructional risk here is that students who are not challenged will not be interested in school work and will not have the opportunity to expand the scope of their intellectual powers. Yet students who cannot achieve assigned tasks often feel great frustration that leads them to negative attitudes toward schooling."
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Teaching Social Skills in the Classroom, 2008.
A discussion of the importance and difficulties in teaching social skills in the classroom.
1,538 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of discipline within the classroom. The paper suggests that a measure of order in the classroom is an essential prerequisite for any meaningful teaching or learning interaction. It looks at the difficulties that teachers can be faced with in implementing discipline and dealing with difficult behaviors, especially those related to social skills.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Skills
From the Paper
"A teacher must always remember that students go to school to learn academics, but also the school plays a critical role in their social development and self-concept. Even if a student is achieving high grades this is not enough if his/her behavior is not acceptable. The importance of using the correct social skills must be part of every classroom in every grade and subject. The teacher needs to incorporate in his/her regular instruction ways to reinforce this behavior. In math class, for example, it need not be a separate activity. However, it should be noted whenever a problem arises. For example, when the teacher sees that students are criticizing a person and not that person's idea, then it is time to explain how to offer constructive criticism. Burns (2003, 546) stated it very clearly: "Like it or not, the roles of the family and those of the school are merging." For a variety of reasons, many children come to school today lacking appropriate behaviors. "We must acknowledge, we are being negligent as a society if we do not strive to develop more appropriate social behaviors in these children.""
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A Violence Prevention Program, 2008.
Proposes a prevention program to help solve the growing problem of violence in the schools, homes and places of recreation in the US.
2,765 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that violence in US schools and families is as much associated with suburban and rural schools as it is with impoverished inner-city schools. The paper then proposes a violence prevention program, which serves the school's entire student body, teachers, support staff, administrators and parents or caregivers because they are all affected to some degree by the incidence of violence. The paper relates the categories of violence to be addressed by the program and describes the coalition service activities. The paper concludes that the expected results are the reduction in violence and sexual abuse in schools and school-sponsored extracurricular activities and the promotion of pro-social behaviors.
Table of Contents:
Targeted Promotion and Prevention Issues
Project Vision
Population to be Served and Rationale for Selection
Scope of Preventative Efforts
Table: Six Categories of Violence to be Addressed
Coalition Service Activities
Table: Description of Coalition Service Activities
Expected Results
From the Paper
"Other techniques that will be used as part of this initiative will include conflict resolution seminars wherein students will be trained in effective conflict resolution techniques, and anger management workshops where students can learn alternatives to expressing their anger other than violent behaviors. If deemed appropriate, the educator in charge of the initiative can coordinate small counseling groups as well in which students can communicate the problems they are experiencing with violence, or where students with such behavior problems can identify the potential source of these behaviors and take action to resolve them."
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Integrated Learning in the Classroom, 2008.
This paper presents classroom strategies that encourage optimal learning for all students.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that since classrooms today cater to students with varying levels of English language ability, there is a need for strategies that can facilitate learning for students at all levels. The paper looks at the incorporation of visual aids, repeat and rephrase techniques and music in the classroom. The paper concludes that these methods when combined will prove exemplary in promoting student learning in integrated classrooms.
From the Paper
"There are many research based ELL strategies that can facilitate greater learning in the classroom for students at all levels described. Pre-instruction activities including graphic organizers, semantic webbing and KWL charts can help students multiple ways. Studies suggest these activities promote greater cooperation in the classroom and create an environment where students are able to create models for learning and absorbing information at a pace that fits them well. These methods can help create a learning environment where "global levels of competence" are possible based on a student's individual skills and ability to discover ways of organizing information that caters to their skill level and ability (Givner, Lane & Pierson, 2003, 213)."
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Co-teaching, 2008.
This paper discusses the concept of "co-teaching", where more than one certified teacher provides instruction to a class.
1,902 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the benefits of co-teaching and focuses on several different approaches of co-teaching that include one teach, one support, station teaching, parallel teaching, alternative teaching and team teaching. The paper points out that collaboration and interpersonal communication are paramount with co-teaching. The paper concludes by emphasizing the benefits co-teaching offers for students who graduate into a world that is very fast-paced and multitasked oriented.
From the Paper
"The term "co-teaching" is defined as the use of more than one certified teacher to a class of students, with both educators providing instruction in some form. Co-teaching offers a number of benefits including the opportunity for more individualized attention and intervention for students.This is particularly important with second-language difficulties, special educational needs or for students who may be having a problem with a particular topic. Co-teaching also enhances the structure and management of the classroom, since a teacher does not have to delay the progress of the whole class due to needs of a few others who require special help."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2008.
This paper explores the success of intervention programs in reducing juvenile delinquency rates.
2,742 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes of juvenile delinquency and possible preventive intervention methods such as after school programs, school readiness childcare programs, and early identification and intervention. The paper highlights these programs' positive influence and effects and concludes that it is imperative that policy makers provide the funding for their implementation.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Juvenile Delinquency Recent Statistics
Legal Issues
Causes for Juvenile Crimes
Reducing Juvenile Crimes : Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is a huge problem worldwide and the US in particular. As per 2002 census, the American juvenile population stood at 25% of the national population and is slated to grow steadily during most part of the 21st century. Today the juvenile justice system serves a rich mixture of racial and ethnic population. There is an increasing ratio of non-white juveniles. In some states such as New Mexico for example; Hispanic juvenile ratio is 51% of the total juvenile population. Other states such as California (45%), Nevada (30%) , Texas (42%), have a high percentage of Hispanic juveniles. Similarly, in Mississippi (45%), Louisiana (40%) , North Carolina (27%), and Delaware (25%) the ratio of black juveniles is significant. In the district of Columbia, black juveniles account for 72% of the entire juvenile population. "
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Special Education, 2008.
This paper looks at the impact of using technology on learning and reading skills of low level students with special needs.
4,449 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that S. Goetze and B.J. Walker found that students who are most at risk of academic failure are those who lack reading skills. They found that use of technology enhanced literary capabilities of students who have special needs. The writer points out that in fact, technology and literacy have a very strong link and scholars have been keenly interested in discovering various aspects of their relationship. This study investigates the role of technology within the modern educational environment of low level students of special needs. It is hoped that the research will add to existing literature on the role of technology in education. Also, the writer maintains that one practical implication of the research can be that it can change the way educational-providers deal with low level students with special needs.
Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Use of Advancing Technologies in Education
The Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Voice Recognition Technology (VRT)
Purpose of the Paper
Research Questions
Methodology
Participants
Sampling Frame
Method of Selecting the Sample Elements
Data Collection
Delimitations
Ethical Issues
Data Analysis
Anticipated Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is an important implementation because it opens the students' horizons and allows them to see the general links and relations that their own lives might have with the stories that they read. The implementation of taking the pictures is one way that this has been successfully achieved. This use of a camera is a very flexible application and is being used in different ways for different special-needs students.
"May found that cameras are being used to also expand the span of words or vocabulary amongst the special-needs students. The teacher hands out a set of words to the students and explains their use and different interpretations and then asks them to take photographs in accordance to what they have understood. Any good reader will relay that the best part about reading is the expressions and vocabulary. Vocabulary is mainly an understanding of the use and interpretation of the words being used and this process has helped the special-needs students in their reading skills when it has been included in the curriculum."
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Instant Messaging, 2008.
This paper discusses the increased use of instant messaging among college students.
752 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why instant messaging (IM) services offer an increasingly appropriate alternative for college students, both in terms of leisure and academic purposes. The paper shows how with less time on their hands and more time spent in front of a computer and on the Internet, the typical college student will revert to instant messaging to communicate with friends, teachers and librarians.
From the Paper
"Instant messaging has become one of the fundamentals means of communication in the 21st century. Together with other forms of Internet communication (email, blogging etc.), instant messaging has helped created a virtual community in which individual interact with much more easiness and with increased speed. There's no category of age where this is as evident as in the college community, among college students. Whether for leisure or academic purpose, meeting with friends or discussing with the teacher the details of the course project or assignment, the instant messaging service is widely spread among college students."
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Educational Leadership, 2008.
This paper explores the theoretical framework underlying change processes within the educational environment.
2,649 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at seven well-known authors in the field of change theory and innovation and discusses the common elements among these authorities of change and innovation. The paper clearly shows how change is inevitable and there is a need for all members of the organization to embrace each other as change occurs. The paper also shows how education and continuous support and feedback is of paramount importance.
Outline:
Introduction
Review
Analysis of Theories of Change Management
Common Elements Among Theorists & Leaders Approach To Change
Strategies Most Likely To Be Successful For Leadership
From the Paper
"Eckel & Kezar (2002) review the theoretical framework underlying many change processes within institutional settings, evaluating tools and methods that work to help overcome resistance to change in the educational environment. The authors suggest the dominant strategy leading to successful adoption of change at all levels of education is staff development or development strategies that promote self-reflection among staff members, which in turn promotes a culture more willing to adopt change (Eckel & Kezar, p. 435). The authors hypothesize a direct relationship exists between institutional culture and change, and that if culture is changed through direct interactions with staff members, that less resistance to change will be met by members of the organization."
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Breakfast and Students' Attention Span, 2008.
An analysis of how hunger negatively affects the attention span and performance of students.
3,184 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between eating breakfast and school performance. It discusses how bodily health affects the attention span of students and the negative effects that being hungry has on students and their academic performance. The paper analyzes the literature in order to gain a complete understanding of the issues involved.
Table of Contents:
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Article 5
Article 6
From the Paper
"The present survey indicated that Australian students skipped breakfast more on the basis of gender than income (Shaw 1998). Female students did so thrice as much as male students did. It would, then, seem to be the product of personal choice rather than by socioeconomic level. Gender and cultural values would also influence that personal choice. This should engage the attention and priority of policymakers and health authorities. The skipping breakfast phenomenon should be seen as a result of poverty as well as a gender issue. Feeding programs will not help those who skip breakfast for vanity reasons. Teaching students the importance of eating breakfast can decrease or discourage the habit. Instead, they should b taught how to build self-esteem and healthful ways of controlling weight. Nonetheless, these students cannot be easily separated or warned against their prevailing social and cultural environment in the attempt to develop the new attitude. Further longitudinal investigations, involving the use of a variety of methods, should be conducted to cover other, but equally, significant areas (Shaw)."
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Lifespan Development Theory, 2008.
This paper looks at the expectation theory that concerns child and adolescent development.
2,486 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents an examination of the expectation development theory as it relates to child and adolescent life span development. The theory is developed by the writer using the character Forrest Gump as the case study. The writer notes that though the character Forrest Gump is a fictional character in a movie, the character provides a perfect back drop for understanding and applying the invented theory of expectation development. The writer concludes that the movie shows the world that the theory can be applied to human life with little regard to particular cultures or societies and this lends credibility to the truth of the theory itself.
From the Paper
"The Expectation Theory of Life Span development involves several stages of life. It is built on the idea that individuals pass through various stages of expectations and if these stages are successfully met and handled they are mentally, emotionally and physically able to move into the next step of their life span development.
The theory examined and discovered that the importance of adults, peers and others in the life of an individual alternates as various stages of development are entered into and conquered.
"The first stage of the theory involves the child's expectations of the world. As the child is born and travels through his or her basic infancy the child develops expectations of the world and how the world should react to his needs.
This is observed by a child's cry when hungry, wet or ill and the expectation of that child that his or her needs will be met by those that surround his or her life.
"One example of this can be seen in the child who cries when hungry. The expectation the child has from that cry is that one of the caretakers will appear with a bottle or breast, however if that does not happen the child begins to expect negative results from his or her cry. This makes it difficult to move into the next stage of development."
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Classroom Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses the use of learning theory in the classroom.
1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that a variety of learning theories are available to assist teachers in determining the most appropriate means to deliver classroom instruction. The writer explains that behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic learning theories each utilize a different approach to explain how individuals learn. These theories also define different roles for both teachers and students within the classroom and during the learning process. This essay considers behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic learning theories and looks at how they can be applied in an eleventh grade trigonometry classroom.
From the Paper
"In an 11th grade trigonometry classroom, the teacher could use the behaviorist approach by providing students with rewards, such as candy or free time during class, for mastering a concept or completing homework on time. Conversely, the teacher could use punishment, perhaps in the form of staying after school, to discourage late assignments or failure to work during class.
One of the reasons why students sometimes cannot appreciate math is the fact that many of them view the subject as having no real use in the real world. To make students more receptive to the concepts they are being taught, they need a better understanding of the practical applications of math. The teacher can explain how trigonometry is essential in building or creating new technology."
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Students with Learning Disabilities, 2008.
A discussion on how to teach elementary students with learning problems.
1,898 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the manner in which elementary teachers work with students with learning disabilities and what works well and what does not work. The paper also analyzes the effects on self esteem, anxiety, frustration and behavior in the learning disabled student. Lastly, the paper provides an overview of the parent, child, and legal perspective of teaching the learning disabled student.
Outline:
Classroom Techniques: What Works vs. What Does Not Work
Learning Disabilities & Effects on Self Esteem
Learning Disabilities & Effects on Anxiety, Frustration & Behavior
Learning Disabilities & the Parent Perspective
Learning Disabilities & the Child Perspective
Learning Disabilities & the Legal Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Parents of learning disabled students are not only concerned about their child's ability to learn, they are also concerned about their child being emotionally and socially prepared for school. Additional research suggests that parents of learning disabled students respond that their child has behavior problems, is immature, and/or has low self esteem, and therefore is not socially ready to begin school. Behavior problems that are often seen in children by parents and teachers can be, and often are, interpreted as a child not being socially and emotionally ready for school. Parents must balance letting their child 'be a child' at the same time they are effectively addressing inappropriate behaviors. Learning disabled elementary students need the support of their parents, and if the parental expectations and aspirations are too high this can have a negative impact. Research by Mondell and Tyler (1981) found positive relations between parents' competence and their instructional method used with their children. Those parents with higher levels of competence offered their children more problem solving strategies. This research supports that parents with higher parenting efficacy view their child as being able to learn from their example."
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