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School Computer Costs, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of computer-based technology and discusses the hidden costs of school computers.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that computer literacy is a necessity in the world today, especially in the business world and one of the roles of the school is to prepare students for entering that world. Many students are familiar with computers from their use at home, but one of the divides developing is between those who have a computer and access to the Internet and those who do not. The classroom is one place where this divide can be alleviated. The writer points out that school districts recognize the need and have been purchasing computers and the needed software and have been making the computer part of the classroom experience. The writer notes that the cost of this can be high and discusses that there are also hidden costs to implementing such a system that districts may not recognize. The writer maintains that there may be costs to the students as well in terms of developing a different relationship with the classroom and adapting to the instructional methods. The writer concludes that the added costs for the school district are the major concern and that the district has to recognize some of these costs and be prepared to pay them. The bibliography includes a brief description of each source.
From the Paper
"Technology assists in these methods by providing projects to be developed, aiding in the process of inquiry, and developing and solving problems. Computer-based technology is particularly well-suited to the needs of students in these types of learning environment, answering many of the questions raised and shaping the way the student approaches material. For the most part, however, K-12 schools in the United States have not felt the expected positive impact of technology as they should, as Norris and Soloway note as they cite reports from different parts of the country showing that while American schools have more technology than any other country's schools, student achievement does not show that this has increased learning to the degree predicted. The authors find that one reason for this is because the six conditions cited above have not been fulfilled, with problems with access being one of the major failures .."
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Article Critique: The Community Nurse and Learning Disabilities, 2008.
A critique of the research reported by O. Barr in the article "The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period".
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and critiques O. Barr's article "'The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period", found in the "Journal of Clinical Nursing". The paper describes the intention of the study, the study's literature review, and the data collection process for the study. The paper further notes that the sample for Barr's study was based on a community of nurses involved directly with people with disabilities and that this sample was very appropriate to address the research problem and the stated objectives of the study. In addition, the paper explains that the research design was quantitative and then examines the results, findings, strengths and weaknesses of the study.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Article Critique
Problem, Purpose, Research Question
Literature Review
Ethical and Legal Issues
Sample- Sampling Design
Research Design
Data Collection: Methods and Strategies
Results and Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
From the Paper
"The literature review includes a definition of the concept of learning disabilities as being made up of three aspects. These are a reduce ability to understand new or complex information; a reduced ability for independent coping; and these problems have to be present before the age of 18 years and produce a lasting effect on development. The way that learning abilities are defined will later become one of the variables because the definition determines the nurses' approach and role for these clients. The aspect of coping, for example, means that the nurses do not look upon learning disabilities as simply a matter of cognitive impairments."
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Reading Comprehension and Fluency, 2008.
An analysis of four articles with regards to students reading comprehension and fluency.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews four scholarly articles which address reading comprehension and reading fluency. The paper looks at the main considerations of each paper, the key ideas, the essential methodologies and the final conclusions. Further, the writer discusses what he has learned from reviewing the aforementioned materials and how this will impact upcoming research projects.
From the Paper
"Turning to Jenkins and Fuchs, they are aided by the fact that their sample size of 113 students is considerably larger than the relatively puny sample sizes offered by Calhoon and by Yurick et al. Furthermore, Jenkins and Fuchs employ correlation and hierarchical regression analysis to determine the accuracy and validity of their findings; Yurick et al do not employ anything approximating this. Finally, Calhoon does use the WJ-III Compu-score and Profiles Program in addition to ANOVA - but her sample size is so tiny (only 38 students) that one is left to wonder how truly reflective it really is."
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Learning and Development, 2008.
This paper discusses the interaction between learning and development.
2,564 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that teaching school-aged children is an involved and psychological process, involving a variety of problems that must be overcome in order to ensure success. The writer discusses that the underlying principles of this issue were initially expressed in three simple yet specific theoretical positions: the assumption that processes of child development are independent of learning; that learning is development; and that the relationship between learning and development subdues the conflicts of the other two principles by joining with them. However, the writer notes that more recent thinking has trended in a different direction - toward the notion of various levels of development relative to learning. The writer concludes with the opinion that no schoolchild can adequately be taught unless the curriculum focuses on zones of proximal development.
Outline:
Introduction
Early Thinking on Child Learning
Theoretical Position 1: Child Development Processes are Independent of Learning
Theoretical Position 2: Learning Is Development
Theoretical Position 3: The Relationship Between Learning and Development Counters the Extremities of the Former Two Principles by Joining Them
The Zone of Proximal Development Position
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper
"Such thinking seems to suggest that the human mind is not, as was once thought, a complex combination of general capabilities including observation, attention, judgment, memory and so on, but rather an extensive, largely independent set of separate capabilities. Learning does not affect one's overall ability to focus attention on subject matter, but rather it improves ones ability to focus better on the learnt matter.
"This thinking, made famous by Thorndike, has been opposed by both Koffka and the Gestalt School, proponents of the third theoretical position. Rather, these latter critics propose that learning is never specific, but is interactive and general. Learning of a specific operation, the researchers attest, stimulates a structural network of a kind that can be applied to other forms of learning. Learning is not simply the process of habit, acquiring skills, nor based on simple identity: it is complex."
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Working Mothers and Child Care, 2008.
This paper explores whether leaving children in a child care facility is detrimental to a baby's attachment to its mother.
1,892 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the concern of new mothers that leaving a baby in a child care facility will diminish its ability to recognize its mother. The paper explains that those who select a good child care facility have little reason for concern about attachment. The paper looks at the sociological research that has proven that high-quality child care is beneficial for babies and young children and does not diminish attachment to the mother.
From the Paper
"Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.
"I can offer reassurance in response to these concerns, for many sociological studies have been conducted in order to identify the influence of childcare on babies and young children, and most of these studies indicate that there are no negative effects. For example, Bengt-Erik Andersson's (1992) research and analysis of this issue indicates
that child-care is beneficial for babies. He studied socioemotional behavior such as attentiveness versus distractibility, impulsivity and short temper, assertiveness, and interactions with others, and none of his study results "indicated negative effects of day-care during infancy.""
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"Criticism and the Public Arts", 2008.
This paper defends the course "Criticism and the Public Arts" as a beginning point in understanding how to apply academic methods of study to all aspects of art and communication.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "Criticism and the Public Arts" is a course that talks about art in society and about what is and is not accepted in society. The author points out that these issues need to be given a stronger academic treatment because the subject matter is not what decides whether a course of study is sufficiently rigorous but rather the methodology applied. The paper relates that a critique of public art is not merely a compendium of what one likes or does not like but instead necessarily includes an assessment of the appropriateness of the public art and of the complexities of communication. The author stresses that public art involves a number of decisions that can be characterized in theoretical terms and analyzed empirically as part of the process of developing an applicable theory.
From the Paper
"Critic Ruth Slavin begins by considering the writing that supports public art, noting that it stresses two different but complementary ideas: 1) public art is considered to stand in a direct, unmediated relationship with the audience; and 2) public art is seen as an exercise in cultural democracy. Slavin is clear about the supposed result of this as she writes that "the placement of art outside the normal venues of the gallery and the museum becomes an important tool for enlarging the possibilities for participation in the fine arts." However, Slavin further finds these to be "liberal good intentions" often faced with "public incomprehension and hostility."
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Caribbean Culture and Cultural Imperialism, 2007.
A discussion on whether the Caribbean society is too receptive and diverse for its own good.
1,633 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Caribbean culture and at how its dynamic polyglot, diverse nature - and its ability, and even willingness, to accommodate different cultures and ethno-social traditions - has actually made it vulnerable on a number of profound levels. It explains that the Caribbean nations have shown a marked inability to throw off the cultural, linguistic and educational encrustations of the European nations which took over the region generations ago and which re-shaped their new fiefdoms in ways that effectively did away with pre-European values, codes, religions and dialects. The paper also looks at how many Caribbean young people attend English or French schools and prepare themselves for entry into a "global village" that is controlled by the very ethno-racial groups which turned their own lands "upside-down" in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. In essence, the paper shows that by looking at the fragmented nature of the Caribbean world and by looking at the impress of foreign language upon its peoples and formal structures, a region is revealed that has lost much of its ability to marshal its forces against external imperialistic forces. The writer believes that the Caribbean must start doing a better job of privileging its indigenous traditions and dialects or it will finally, ineradicably, lose them forever.
From the Paper
"Many observers are of the view that the Caribbean is a melting pot; that it is a place wherein European and non-European types "creolize" and thereby shed their different historical-national identities in favor of one that is "West Indian" in nature. This argument, however, has been vigorously challenged by others who assert that the Caribbean is really a collection of different regions which have their own unique, distinctive features. Simply put, while there may be regional similarities vis-a-vis food, music, dance, dress and a host of other elements, there are many more (or at least as many more) differences as there are similarities (Allahar, p.1-2). Simply put, Allahar appears to be to arguing two things: firstly, West Indian/Caribbean is diverse; secondly, despite this diversity, the region has certain societal features that distinguish it from other regions and which bind together its disparate elements."
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Article Reviews: Teaching Literacy, 2008.
This paper reviews two articles about teaching literacy: Duke et al's 'Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing' and Mary F. Heller's 'Telling Stories and Talking Facts'.
2,170 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that authentic literacy is broadly thought of as reading and writing in a personal narrative format. The author relates that Duke et al in their article 'Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing' reported on their study involving 26 second and third grade teachers to investigate the development of students' ability to comprehend and compose informational and procedural texts in science. The author points out that this research confirmed that language skills acquisition improves in an authentic context rather than through de-contextualized or abstract learning. The paper also tells about a study by Mary F. Heller reported in her article 'Telling Stories and Talking Facts: First Graders' Engagements in a Nonfiction Book Club', which investigated the nature of responses of a small group of girls to see if these responses were grounded in facts learned from the readings or were narrative in nature.
Table of Contents:
Authentic Literacy Activities
Nonfiction Book Club
From the Paper
"Authentic literacy activities as described in this article offer many advantages to a classroom teacher. We all wish to make our classes as interesting and relevant to our students as we possibly can. This definition of authentic writing and reading gives us a way to do this. Most all of us can recall how boring it seemed to mindlessly do worksheets or endless lists of practice exercises. By adding a "real" audience and a "real" purpose can make a writing assignment more meaningful or fun. Whether in graduate school or second grade, most of us would rather understand "why" we have to do an activity." Authentic literacy activities, as defined in this article, help students to understand that "why. Children can see how the skills they are learning are used by adults. In an age where students are subject to a great deal of test-preparation activities, doing something "real" might also be a welcomed break for teachers and students.
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School Prayer and the Constitution, 2008.
This paper examines the state board of education's "Moral and Spiritual Training" curriculum.
1,014 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the "Moral and Spiritual Training" school program proscribed by the state board of education, to determine whether it violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The paper examines three prior decisions by the Supreme Court and contrasts these decisions to the present facts.
From the Paper
"Rarely is there a clearer statement of intent and direction than in the establishment clause of the First Amendment, which states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . ." (Constitution, 1999, First Amendment). The first clause of the First Amendment, also known as the "establishment clause," is often interpreted as prohibiting the federal government from setting up a church, passing laws that aid one or all religions, or forcing acceptance or disbelief in a religion (Black, 1979, p. 490)."
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On School Culture and its Impact on Leadership, 2008.
A discussion of the school culture in Canada.
4,814 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses school culture in Canada and its impact on leadership. The paper explains that a good deal now discussed on leadership and school cultures, as institutional cultures, arrives from the United States where newcomers face different social hazards and divisions. The paper suggests that by exploring a number of American sources that refer to a slightly different reality, can nonetheless offer ideas of usefulness to Canadian educators. The paper notes that, whereas it is often heard that the teaching profession suffers from low morale or that some schools seem beyond redemption, a model of developing leaders in school settings and leadership capacity for teachers has been a strong focus of American and also British studies in education of the last years.
Outlook:
Introduction
The 'Culturally Proficient' School
On Leadership
Teachers as Leaders
Cultivating a School Culture of Diversity
American Examples - Schools that Learn
Back to School Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In some locations, there needs to be awareness of historical mistrust that may exist concerning members of one community vis-a-vis another, a factor appearing often in American materials with respect to a now long gap between 'white' Americans and those of African descent that may still be seen, in some corners, occupying two worlds apart. The most usual scenario reported in the United States involves all-Black schools where mainly non-Black teachers are natural authority figures and as this authority becomes entwined with other resentments imbedded in a culture obtained in the home or neighbourhood. The answer is not in seeing that teachers are Black or purple or green, but in discussing what a 'white' teacher may symbolize, the teacher perhaps volunteering what nameless African American youths in numbers can mean to non-Black persons alone."
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Observing Children Play, 2008.
This paper applies Piaget's theory of stages of play in the observation of a young child.
1,334 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Piaget's theories about what we can learn from formal play observation. The writer observes a young child at play and comments on her play, using Piaget's developmental theories of stages of play, namely functional play at a younger age followed by symbolic play at a later age.
From the Paper
"Piaget believes that children's play is very important, because as they play, they develop cognition (Wyly, 1997). When we talk about cognition, we mean the mental process in which people gain knowledge by looking at things, or reasoning about them, etc. Children do a lot of this when they are playing. This is why observing play is an important way to learn about child development. For in play, the child interacts with the environment and learns how to control and understand the environment. For example, the child learns to throw objects, and from this the child learns about the weight and feeling of objects, and about gravity. The child also learns about cause and effect - for example, when the child shakes its rattle, a sound comes out. From this, the child learns that the rattle sound is caused by shaking the rattle (Wyly, 1997)."
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Alternative School Experiences, 2008.
This paper provides a personal analysis of experiences regarding participation in an alternative school program.
2,238 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses ideas regarding an alternative school program such as how the program is conceived and how it can be improved. The observation is based on personal experience of participating in a program when the writer worked for an alternative school called Boys Republic High School. The writer was an instructional aide and in that job helped the teacher manage the class. The writer had to know how to control the behavior of the students and counsel them in order to help them. The writer concludes that in order to have a successful classroom and work well in this type of environment, it is necessary to be strong, firm and have a positive attitude.
Outline:
Introduction
Concrete Experience
Observation/Reflection
Abstract Conceptualization
Active Experimentation
From the Paper
"Having the chance to work with delinquent students was an amazing experience that I will never forget, and from this experience I learned a great deal about how to cope with different kinds of students and how to help them understand important lessons. I stayed at this school for four years, working as instructional aide inside the English classroom. I loved the school and the job, and most of the kids are delinquents coming from juvenile hall. I never had a problem with them, maybe because I respected them and they respected me, too. I saw many problems inside the classroom; for example, there was racism in the school. I saw a fight inside my class because one white guy called another a Negro. I had to call security, but the next day, both kids came to apologize to me. Sometimes some kids would come to talk to me and they would start crying over their problems. Some do not even know who their parents are, and some had only a single parent. I learned a good deal, and I wish to report on the three abstract concepts that I learned in particular."
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Gender, Education and Income, 2008.
This paper examines the effect of educational attainment on the gender wage gap in Canada.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper presents research that shows how there is a definite gender, education and income disparity in Canada that is deteriorating. The paper points out that these inequalities are more persistent in rural Canada and among non-white women and immigrants.
From the Paper
"Even though the educational disparity between women and men has almost disappeared, there is still an income gap between the two, with women earning up to 50 to 84 percent as much as men. The research for this paper confirms this finding. When the research looks at non-white women, women who are immigrants, and women who reside in more rural areas, particularly Alberta, the education/income distances grow wider."
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Teaching Language Arts, 2008.
This paper is a discussion by a science major on issues of teaching language arts presented through a professional portfolio.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four aspects of a professional portoflio addressing language arts teaching: promoting interest in a book, a double-entry journal, evaluation of student writing, and selecting professional resources. The paper also refers to a proposed five-year plan towards professional development so that language arts become more familiar and includes questions the author believes are important regarding future teaching practice, particularly in the preparation of classes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Four Aspects of a Professional Portfolio
Module I - Promoting Interest in a Book
Module II - A Double-Entry Journal
Module III - Evaluation of Student Writing
Module IV - Selecting Professional Resources
Three Big Ideas for the Future
I - Assessing Students
II - Promoting Listening Skills
III - Writing Strategies
Five-Year Development Plan
Questions to Ask Myself
From the Paper
"The student should feel that he or she can err on the side of English using words of one syllable, as long as the meaning is cogent, as opposed to feeling that he or she must use the latest phrase or terminology learned. There needs to be reinforcement, too, of the world as often without 'Spell check' and towards appreciation for what a person knows how to write by hand, spotting errors in time, or what might be expressed differently to better effect. Students learn that there is more to writing than word processing, in effect, as it is an intensely creative activity."
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Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT), 2008.
This paper argues that the Scholastic Aptitude Tests or Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT) should not be used as the criterion for college admittance.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although many colleges use the Scholastic Aptitude Tests or Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT) to determine which students will be selected for admittance, this test is affected by family incomes. The author points out that students from low income or even middle income families usually have lower scores than students who have parents with higher incomes. The paper relates that the SAT scores were not meant to measure long term academic success. The author clarifies that children who live in richer communities receive a better education than those students in poorer communities because these higher income children may go to privates schools or because schools serving lower income communities may receive less funding and therefore are unable to provide an enriched curriculum. The paper stresses that, for admittance, the SAT scores should be eliminated and grade point average should be used instead.
From the Paper
"Research shows that students who are involved in extracurricular activities perform better on SAT scores. Students involved in extracurricular activities can be "a measurable and meaningful gain in their college admissions test scores". Even with students who come from poor families can benefit from these extracurricular activities. Yet, it is important to remember that schools with low federal funding cannot afford to have many of the extracurricular activities that schools with higher federal funding have."
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Licensing and Education of Nurses, 2008.
An analysis of the issues that Senate Bill 2529 is intended to address with regards to the licensing and education of nurses within the New Jersey State health care system.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses Senate Bill 2529 which focuses on the licensing and education of nurses within the New Jersey State's health care system. It begins with an address to senators regarding the Bill and then provides a statement discussing the necessity of the Bill. It further describes the issues that Senate Bill 2529 is intended to address.
Table of Contents:
Address to Senators
Statement
From the Paper
"The fact is that within that new health care system we are still impacted by issues of nursing migration, nursing retirement and globalization that will not cease to affect the process of nursing or the delivery of care without policies that are intended to provide positive results. One such policy is Senate Bill 2529 that gives us the opportunity at this time to mold our nursing professionals through education and not only ensure that they have the ability of universally achieving goals in health care delivery, but that they are the most knowledgeable and skilled nurses throughout the world."
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Overcoming Impatience in Advanced Chemistry, 2008.
A progress report in which a student discusses how he deals with the obstacle of impatience in his advanced chemistry course.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this progress report, a student addresses the importance of learning to have patience with the difficult and time-consuming procedures of an advanced chemistry course. The paper points out that, in chemistry experiments and operations, it takes great lengths of time to separate various chemicals, such as acids and other various bonding agents and solvents. The paper recounts the student's attempt to speed up one such process, only to realize he had ruined it. Through this error, he realized that he had not been patient enough to effectively see the bonding procedure to its conclusion. The paper concludes with a list of helpful future strategies for dealing with impatience.
From the Paper
"After the class, my professor asked me to have a meeting about the project. Although she was annoyed at the failure of my actions, she was extremely open to solutions to the problem. I had not even realized that I had rushed the project at first, but she had quickly understood what had gone wrong. Our discussion lasted for nearly an hour, and we both came to the conclusion that there needed to be exercises for me to solve my problem with patience. Although I had clearly understood how to accomplish the projects in class, there was another dimension of chemistry, which I needed to learn. The professor was telling me that chemistry was more than just tables, procedures and memorization, but had more to do with learning to manage one's time in an efficient manner. This discussion awakened me to the realization that I had to learn to properly evaluate my time, especially at this advanced stage of chemical studies."
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Negotiations in Education, 2008.
This paper argues against traditional bargaining in education negotiations.
2,262 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews why traditional bargaining in education is a deeply flawed approach and why it must be replaced by a collaborative approach that emphasizes mutual gain and integrative solutions. The paper reviews the various types of negotiation and explains why mutual-gains bargaining is the only way for education negotiations to work. Ultimately, this writer insists that both parties work on behalf of children and this fact should be borne in mind by the adults representing the two sides.
From the Paper
"Without question, collective bargaining is most effective when it emphasizes a mutual-gains approach founded upon collaboration, flexibility, and integrative bargaining, rather than an adversarial approach; after all, people who fight bitterly over the bargaining table are unlikely to work constructively in the workplace when the negotiations are finally at an end. More than that, personal feelings may intrude upon professional duties in the aftermath of a particularly bitter negotiation to such an extent that a poisonous work environment may eventually develop - one which will make students and parents the undeserving victims of animosities that were created and then aggravated by professionals sitting across from one another at a bargaining session."
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Research Article Analysis: Web-based Nursing Course, 2008.
This paper discuses the objectives and methodology of a research report by L. Hsu and S. Hsieh entitled "An Exploration of Scenario Discussion in a Web-Based Nursing Course".
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the intention of Hsu and Hsieh's research, "An Exploration of Scenario Discussion in a Web-Based Nursing Course", is to develop a nursing course to meet the needs of nursing students in technically advanced health care settings where scenario discussions, web-based instruction (WBI) and assessment of learning outcomes are the priorities. The author points out that this type of nursing course is intended to correspond to the realities of contemporary nursing and to equip students for a very different role from that to which nurses in the past have been accustomed. The paper commends the logical progression from the literature review to the research purpose in that the literature supports the purpose. The author reports that Hsu and Hsieh used a combination of quantitative and qualitative designs. The paper states that this study should be redesigned to separate the learning processes and learning outcomes from development of the scenario discussion website because the latter is given inordinate emphasis.
Table of Content:
Purpose
Literature Review
Research Questions
Methodology
From the Paper
"Even the demographic profile of the participants is largely concerned with exposure to the Internet. Participants' feelings such as anxiety or frustration due to lack of familiarity with scenario discussion consistently were given prominence. The four themes were based on responses to the open-ended questions and were concerned with both positive and negative experiences. Positive experiences included enhanced knowledge, rich content, and integrated information; negative reactions mainly were related to an inability to identify crucial information or poor recall of information. Reactions by participants ranged from satisfaction with new learning and thought patterns to stress and irritation. The researchers were equally concerned with attitudinal and institutional barriers encountered by the participants to online learning as they were with the beneficial aspects of the teaching platforms. The outcomes of this study are expressed in subjective terms such as satisfaction, frustration and anger."
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