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Child Development, 2008.
An overview of the history of old and emerging child development theories in all their changing perspectives.
4,704 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses important issues of child development with regard to health, nutrition, parenting/caretaking, education, resilience, gender, culture/ethnic identities in a comparison and contrast format discussing current research and controversies in addition to historical developments in the field. It looks at how many theorists fall into several categories, some dependent upon the nomenclature that was utilized by the particular theorist to develop his or her theories and also the areas of interest he or she utilizes to seek answers to different developmental concerns. For this reason some theories and theorists are mentioned in several of the basic developmental groupings and their theories are compared to others, both new and old throughout the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Child Development Theory
Stage Theory
Social Development Theories
Infancy and Early Childhood
Brain and Neurological Development
Maturation Theory
Cultural/Moral Development
Educational Theories
Moral Development
From the Paper
"Freud as the first stage theorist proposed that children developed through a series of five 'psychosexual stages, defined as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital, each determining the development of the next stage or leaving the individual still working out, subconsciously some aspect of one or more stage that was underdeveloped at the crucial time in their life. Any development past the last stage, according the Freud was simply an internal return to whatever stage the individual did not complete as a child. (Mitchell & Black, 1995, p. 13) Erik Erikson, another stage theorist, in contrast sought to develop a theory of encompassing stages that included all the years of one's life, demonstrating that development does not and should not end at adulthood but continues through the lifespan. Nonetheless Erikson is also thought of as one of the first child psychologists and his stages are weighed more heavily toward the ages of childhood as he acknowledged that the younger one is the more developmental stages he or she must go through to achieve healthy development. "
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Merit Pay for Teachers, 2008.
An in-depth look at the system of merit pay for teachers based on student performance.
4,020 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the concept of merit pay for individual teachers, in the form of bonuses or permanent salary increases, and their effectiveness in improving student performance and teacher attrition rates. The paper looks at several states that have successfully implemented merit pay programs and considers studies that have found a generally positive relationship between merit pay and improvements in student achievement. The paper also discusses past failed attempts at instituting merit pay systems, and the importance of new pay-for-performance programs countering the previous failures.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Merit Pay for Teachers Concept
Union Resistance Supporting Mediocrity
Merit Pay Stories of Success
Research Demonstrating the Potential of Merit Pay
Milken Family Foundation's Teacher Advancement Program
Recommendations for Merit Pay Systems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The public education system, as it currently exists, was developed in the middle of the 19th century. Following the industrial model of this era, teachers were seen as assembly-line workers. They added value to their product (their student) and then passed it along to the next worker on the line. With this concept, all workers must be interchangeable, and each must work independently. This isolation and egalitarianism combine powerfully to perpetuate a culture that is resistant to reform initiatives, according to Boles and Troen (2007)."
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Violence in Schools, 2008.
A review of the book "Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine" by Elliot Aronson.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes Elliot Aronson's work, "Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine", which deals with the causes of extreme forms of aggressive behavior in schools and, in particular, the horrifying events of the Columbine school massacre. The paper discusses Aronson's ideas on what precipitated such extremes of violent behavior among students and considers Aronson's solutions and methods for dealing with school violence. The paper posits that Aronson's work is an important investigation of the real causes of aggression at school level and among adolescents.
From the Paper
"In brief, Aronson's work finds that there is an atmosphere of fear, intimidation and bullying at many schools. This is exacerbated by extreme competitiveness and an exclusionary and cliquish social atmosphere that pervades many educational institutions and schools. ( Aronson, p. 15) The combined effect of these aspects coalesces to create the atmosphere of alienation and exclusivity at many high schools in the country. The author identifies this as the central cause of violence behavior. In fact, this behavior is seen as reaction to exclusion and alienation."
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Continuation Schools, 2008.
Examines the history and challenges of continuation school programs and their appropriateness for at-risk youth.
4,575 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the literature regarding at-risk students, their need to have a quality continuation and alternative education and the need for high quality teachers to make these programs successful. The author points out that the drop-out rate in America, especially in big urban areas, remains a serious problem. These at-risk young people are in need of leadership and alternatives to gangs, drugs, idleness and stagnation. The paper stresses that the logical way to attack this problem is through great, not merely "good", continuation programs.
Table of Contents:
What are Continuation Schools?
Definition of an At-Risk Student
History of Continuation Schools
How Do Continuation Schools Operate?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An article in the journal "Preventing School Failure" has a somewhat different thrust than previous articles mentioned in this review of the literature. Indeed, this scholarly article asserts that while there has been "a tremendous growth" in the availability of alternative educational programs for at-risk young people, there is "little empirical evidence" available today to actually identify the various components that are required to build effective continuation programs. And so the authors present studies of alternative school programs in order to offer some data and information that can be used by educators in building better continuation programs."
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The Disability of Dysgraphia, 2008.
This paper studies the learning disorder of dysgraphia.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer researches the problem of 'dysgraphia' including the history, symptoms, statistical information and treatments if any. Further, the various types of assistive technology tools that can be utilized to improve the functionality of an individual in an educational environment with this specific disability are explored. This work also addresses the legal responsibility of the educational system in provision of such devices.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Responsibilities of Schools
Assistive Methods
Assistive Technologies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"One example of this type of device is the AlphaSmart 3000 keyboard which has a very simple operating system and all the student has to do is turn it on and begin writing. The AlphaSmart automatically saves whatever is typed, the student may work back and forth between documents editing, copying and pasting and the AlphaSmart interfaces with both Macintosh and PCs.
"Another tool that is useful for the student with Dysgraphia are 'Prewriting Organizers'. The writing process is inclusive of several stages including the planning stage which involves ... "
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The Problem of Student Debt, 2008.
A discussion of the current dilemma of student debt in the United States, focusing on debt consolidation as a solution.
4,259 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems associated with the high levels of student debts that exist in the United States. It looks at the history of student debts for education and discusses the flaws in the program that have resulted in the current dilemma. The paper then focuses on alternative solutions for dealing with the student debt problems, particularly debt consolidation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Recent History of the Student Debt
The Parameters of the Current Dilemma
Alternative Approaches Responding to Student Debt
The Best Alternative Approaches to the Problem: Debt Consolidation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are a variety of issues that are of importance to practitioners within student services. However, the most pressing problem facing students today is the burden of educational loans they have to pay back with interests after their graduation. This paper highlighted recent history of this issue and also discussed its current parameters. In addition, this paper highlighted alternative approaches being used by students to successfully pay back their debts. This paper found that the most effective approach for students available today is loan consolidation as it offers unmatched benefits and advantages."
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Alternative Assessment and ESL Students, 2008.
A review of the efficacy of alternative assessment methods for bilingual science students.
2,828 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper examines alternative assessment methods such as portfolios, multiple intelligence projects and rubrics used in bilingual science education classes of middle school students. The paper demonstrates the challenges of assessment in the science curriculum and bilingual education. The paper concludes that given the challenges created in both these educational contexts, there is a direct impetus for educators to consider the use of alternative assessments for the English as a second language (ESL) science curriculum.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary/Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the course of the last two decades, the number of students classified as ESL (English as a Second Language) learners has increased dramatically. Demographic changes in the general population have created a situation in which many children do not utilize English as their first language. Although efforts to improve services to ESL students have increased in recent years, educators and students continue to face notable challenges when it comes to both academic achievement and overall assessment."
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Students' Email Use, 2008.
A research study to determine if there is a correlation between students' email usage and their perception of self-efficiency.
10,047 words (approx. 40.2 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 203.95
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Abstract
The study explores the connection between students' use of email and their perception of self-efficiency in regards to completing and turning in assignments. The paper discusses the results that demonstrated that email is an important part of academic life and that students use technology such as email on a daily basis. The paper relates that students felt that email improved their efficiency and ability to handle their workload better. The paper therefore supports email as an effective means of communication in the academic setting.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology
Chapter 4: Results
Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The amount of student self-efficiency that a student feels has a direct effect on their motivation and drive to succeed. Technology has improved the speed with which students can communicate with one another and with their professors. Email has become a common mode for transmitting completed assignments. Technology has changed the world of academia for both students and professors alike. Students can complete assignments and turn them in almost instantly. Professors can provide feedback faster using this media as well."
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Sub-Cultures on Campus, 2008.
An observational analysis of cultural norms on campus and the effects on non-dominant classes.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper uses sociological perspectives to identify whether sub-cultures on a university campus demonstrate norms that vary from the "dominant" culture on campus. The paper studies the students as a whole and the population of Asian students on campus, a sub-classification of students that includes all students of Asian decent.
Outline:
Purpose
Analysis
What Are the Distinctive Norms of this Group?
From the Paper
"To identify a sub-type or the normative type or class on campus, one must first apply the sociological concept of "culture" and "society" (Shostak, 1971; Andersen & Taylor, 2006). In this case "culture" refers to the behavioral patterns and experiences one endures on campus (Shostak, 1971). One may consider the students attending the campus the "society" the researcher attempts to explore, in this case the society explored includes the students as a whole and the population of Asian students on campus, a sub-classification of students that includes all students of Asian decent."
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Educational Software Evaluation, 2008.
This paper provides an evaluation of different educational software, concentrating on language-learning software.
1,136 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer reviews and presents several language-learning software programs. In reviewing 10 software packages, the author chooses three which seem to be the best in their category. The writer focuses attention on the following programs: Speak2Easy Language Learning Expert 3.07, French Verb Games 1, and Human Japanese. Specifically, the paper discusses the different types of language learning criteria, and compares the software packages to the criteria which the author feels are the most important.
Outline:
Language-learning software
Types of Language Software
Criteria for Selection
What they were all missing
Comparative table
Speak2Easy Language Learning Expert 3.07
French Verb Games 1
Human Japanese
Russian Language Learning 1.0.1
Mandarin Learning Assistant
Learn French Vocabulary 1.6
Flash Cards for Learning 1
Choice 1.4
Learning Spanish Like Crazy
Learn Chinese 2007 5.1
From the Paper
"The primary question is: how close does the language software come in achieving its stated goal? The language software must be engaging, give feedback, and be fun for the student to use. The old-fashioned, non-computer methods of rote memorization weren't effective because the student became bored quickly. Retention is helped by games, visual clues, and socialization.
"The primary selection criteria for these software packages were therefore user involvement: how many senses were involved in the use of this software? How much fun can a student have with it? Can the student get feedback from his/her own voice? Are the methods progressive, with a sense of advancement? Can it be tied to social interaction, such as working with fellow students? To this end, the author used the criteria selected by the National Foreign Language Resource Center."
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College Vs. High School, 2008.
This paper compares the experience of college to that of high school.
1,044 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the academic differences between college and high school. The paper then focuses on students' increased independence in college and posits that this is also a significant aspect of higher education as it teaches students to become capable, independent adults.
Outline:
Introduction
Academic Differences
Non-Academic Differences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"College is somewhat similar to high school in some ways and very different from high school in others. Academically, college provides much greater flexibility in choice of subject matter, but otherwise, the academic component of college education is not very different from high school. On the other hand, college is the first opportunity for many students to live independently from their families and to assume personal responsibility for their lives on an everyday level. In many ways, this aspect of higher education is as valuable as the primary (academic) focus of higher education."
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Reading Skills, 2008.
A research proposal to study the improvement of reading skills in lower-level and special needs students through the use of technology.
2,357 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the technologies which have been identified as potential aids to reading such as voice detection software, portable digital assistants and new portable processors. It proposes a study to determine whether technologies which are currently available are effective in improving reading skills in low-achieving students and whether they are also efficient in improving reading skills in students with special educational needs. The paper explains that the study will also attempt to determine whether available technology is successfully implemented into the curriculum at present and whether there are measures which could be taken to improve the effectiveness of available technologies in improving reading skills.
Outline:
Background
Significance of the Research
Research Questions
Methodology
Study Design
Participants
Data Collection
Data Analysis Techniques
From the Paper
"The use of technology in literacy within schools is a relatively recent occurrence and it has been suggested that for this reason it may still be poorly understood (Kartal, 2006). This may be one explanation for the apparent failure of technology integration to this point. If this could be attributed to lack of understanding then this emphasizes the need to understand the factors which would ensure the successful integration. Another study by Doering and colleagues (2003) found that poor teacher preparation may also be a significant factor in technology integration failure."
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Reading Education and Technology, 2008.
A qualitative proposal for a study on improving reading skills in lower-level and special needs students through the use of technology.
1,634 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to look at how various technologies can aid in improving education for low-level special needs students. The paper explains the study's use of the qualitative research paradigm and details the research questions and methodology to be employed.
Outline:
Background
Qualitative Research and its Appropriateness for This Study
Research Questions
Research Method
Sampling
Data Collection and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Students who have the highest risk of failing in school also have low reading capabilities. This is especially true for students who have special needs. Goetze and Walker (2004) have found that using technology may be a solution to this issue. They assert that regular and consistent use of technology enhances literary capabilities of students who have special needs. However, teachers must be properly trained on how to use technology in the classroom (Doering, Huges, & Huffman, 2003). If teachers are trained how to use the technology, how to integrate it into their lessons plans, and how to allow students to voice their inputs, students could indeed improve reading scores (May, 2003; Lelop & Ponterio, 2005)."
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Goals for My Students, 2008.
This paper outlines a teacher's three statements regarding his educational goals.
1,671 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer relates that he hopes that his students will become life-long learners and use the learning skills he teaches them in higher education and in their professional lives. The writer further relates that he wants his students to approach every classroom they enter thereafter with joy, not with dread and that he aims to encourage students to become more creative in their ability to think outside of the box and view issues from many different perspectives.
From the Paper
"As a result of my teaching, my students will become life-long
learners, and use the learning skills I teach them in higher education and in their professional lives. Many educators and researchers note continuing education is an important element of success; nearly all professional and executive candidates engage in some level of continuing education (Olson & Smith, 2000). I believe it is through continuous education that students will grow as higher-order students and as professionals. To help students realize opportunities in continuous education outside the classroom, I intend to teach students the boundaries of an established curriculum and "extra-curricular" activities they can engage in, allowing students the ability to make choices that will promote greater success."
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Poverty and Education, 2008.
This paper explores the research on the relationship between poverty and student achievement.
2,774 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that it has been demonstrated by research that the most important reason for substandard educational, health, social and other issues is poverty, especially poverty during early stages of childhood. The paper explores the relevant studies and research and discusses the Head Start program that has done some progress in enhancing the readiness of the preschool children who are disadvantaged for entry into public schools. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
Outline:
Abstract
Discussion
From the Paper
"The most important cause for low levels of educational, health, social and other issues is poverty, especially poverty during the early stages of childhood. A distinct correlation exists between achievement on the educational front and income. What majority of the Americans are unaware is that around 40% of American children are brought up in families having low-income with stark realities weighed against them. Even though the youth account for just 25% of the population, they account for nearly 40% of those individuals categorized as poor. Bulk of these poor children belongs to the Black community representing 43.1% or Hispanic of 39.6%."
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Education and Culture, 2008.
A comparison of educational systems in Japan, France and the United Kingdom.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the different approaches to education and schooling that are taken by three different cultures. It focuses on comparing three national educational systems from Asia, Continental Europe and the United Kingdom, specifically Japan, France and the UK. The paper shows how education is as much a social construct as any other facet of a culture.
From the Paper
"Still, there is less flexibility in United Kingdom curriculum planning than in America. Compulsory national testing is routine at the ages of the ages of 7, 11, 14, in England and Scotland. Students at state schools are also tested in science and math. Like Japan and France, students must take state exams to exit from university, and there are advanced level exams one must take to attend universities ("Introduction to School Life," Woodlands Junior School, 2007). However, while most students attend state schools, private schools are much more common in England (called 'public schools'). Often these schools are extremely expensive and criticized as vestiges of the English class system, as only the very wealthy and connected members of British or Scottish society can attend such schools as Eton."
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Trends in Deaf Education, 2008.
A discussion of the challenges facing those who are active in deaf education.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties and challenges educators may face when teaching deaf children. In particular, the paper enumerates the key issues regarding special needs teachers and then examines them from an internal and external perspective. The paper accomplishes this via a thorough examination of available academic literature. In examining the literature, the writer takes into account the internal and external factors that will influence future trends in deaf education in order to provide an overview of how deaf education will appear in the future.
Outline:
Shortage of Qualified/Certified Sign Language Interpreters
Closure of State Schools for the Deaf Due to Special Education Funding Issues
Appropriate Education in the Age of Distance Technology vs Vygotsky's Theory
From the Paper
"The shortage of teachers for the deaf is an extension of an overall shortage of teachers that is affecting education on a national basis. There are many reasons for these shortages including low salaries and increased stress due to the shortages themselves. The growing shortage is self-perpetuating. The fewer teachers there are to perform daily duties, the more stressed those that are in the profession become. This scenario has prompted several states, such as Wyoming to mandate increased teacher salaries statewide (NEA, 2006). However, salaries alone are not likely to be the single answer to the problem."
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Evaluation of Webquest, 2008.
An evaluation of the task, process and appropriateness of the webquest, "The American Revolution: Was it worth it?" by Judy Chang.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the webquest, "The American Revolution: Was it worth it?" by Judy Chang. The paper describes the aim of the webquest and its appropriateness for Grade 5 students and discusses the task that is required to be completed and the process that the students must go through. Finally, the paper looks at the grading evaluation guide for the webquest for students and teachers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Task
Process
Evaluation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The evaluative process, graded on a scale from 4-1 is clear and thoroughly described. It also allows students to be graded on a variety of competencies, including the sophistication of the student's position statement, the support the student provides for the position, and finally the literary or persuasive appeal and the sense of the audience. For teachers who must use an A-D grading scale, the grading evaluation guide could easily be transposed to a different format, thus it could be used by a variety of teachers, in a variety of school districts."
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Occupational Needs of the Adolescent Population, 2008.
Describes a program that will help a team of adolescents organize in a more team-oriented manner so that they can solve a complex mathematical problem for a science project.
1,608 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a program recommended by the writer that will help a team of 12 adolescents, who are trying to solve a mathematical problem, to brainstorm together and contribute ideas about solving the group problem and future problems in a team-oriented manner. The paper recommends an adolescent supervisor that will be named as the occupational therapist or guidance director of the program and then describes the group protocol to be used in the program.
Table of Contents:
Part I - Occupational Needs Assessment
Part II - Proposal
Part III - Group Protocol
Duration/Frequency
Primary Protocol
Description of Meetings
Rational/Outcome
From the Paper
"Questions in the group will include an open question, allowing each member of the group to introduce themselves, especially when new members are present, and a delineation of the group member's abilities, skills and history. Next, the facilitator will pose an introductory question that will stimulate brainstorming by engaging students in the "why" of their involvement in the group (Bouassida et al, 2006). Next a transitory question will lead to examination of the problem at hand, where the members of the group attempt to answer key questions including (1) what is the foundation of the problem (2) what tools are available to solve the problem (3) what are the most probable outcomes of a problem given the information provided (Bouassida, et al, 2006)."
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