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The Third Wave of Globalization, 2007. This paper discusses "To Ride the Third Wave" by Clyde Prestowitz, who suggests policies to help the United States succeed in the third wave of globalization. 1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how, in "To Ride the Third Wave," the author claims that America's top priority should be to address its inadequacies in order to maintain competitiveness in the global market. The paper examines the suggested policies that include reducing the role of the US dollar, altering the U.S. energy policy and practice and revamping the savings, loan and taxation systems. The paper discusses the need for the U.S. to reevaluate top expenditures in health care, social security and national defense and to change labor and educational policies. Finally, the author shows the importance of actively deepening relationships with key global players.
From the Paper "The turn of the last century saw tremendous global change including the manifestation of a global market. Although many of the promises of globalization have been fulfilled, its pitfalls and potential problems have only recently surfaced. The United States, which rose to international dominion both financially and politically, faces the greatest challenges in maintaining its edge in the third wave of globalization. Its position of global hegemony is diminishing rapidly. America will no longer be a world superpower unless its policy makers are willing to acknowledge and address the nation's inadequacies. These inadequacies include low educational attainment within the population, inequitable distribution of wealth, insufficient workforce skills upgrades, inadequate critical infrastructure, poor savings, taxation, and expenditure policies, and more."
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Atlas Copco Group, 2007. This paper discusses operational issues related to the Atlas Copco Group. 1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the Atlas Copco Group, which is responsible for the manufacturing of electric and pneumatic tools. The writer notes that the company is extremely successful but like any company of its magnitude Atlas has several problems that must be resolved. The writer makes recommendations to Atlas concerning such issues as supply and demand, expansion in North bay and issues associated with suppliers. The writer concludes that the company must implement total quality management, and focus on R&D as it relates to supply and demand. The writer also maintains that the company should find competent realtors and evaluate lease to buy options as it relates to expansion in North Bay. Finally, as it pertained to problems with suppliers, the research indicates that the company should have contracts with all suppliers and implement some degree of vertical integration.
Outline:
Introduction
Matching supply and demand
Expansion in North Bay
Suppliers
Conclusion
From the Paper "Since the company is concerned about increasing efficiency and competence it is important that research and development, total quality management and automation play a key role in solving this problem. Research and development is recommended because it will assist the company in creating the products that meet the needs of customers. Research and development will also assist the company in understanding the quantity of products that should be produced to meet customer demand. Total Quality management is needed to ensure that the company is producing a product that is of excellent quality; doing so limits the likelihood that the product will have defects. This is important because defective products are more likely to be recalled and product recalls can cost the company a great deal of money. TQM will also improve efficiency."
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NAFTA, 2007. This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). 1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract In this paper, the writer looks at the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that took effect on January 1, 1994. The writer points out that the result of NAFTA is increased trade, but with a growing U.S. trade deficit and job dislocation, particularly in manufacturing. Yet, economic growth has fueled job and wage growth in the U.S., increasing gross domestic product and foreign investment. The writer maintains that overall, the U.S. is better off under NAFTA with increased economic growth and dramatically more foreign investment. The writer concludes that even if NAFTA had never been signed, global economic forces would have forced specialization, as is already occurring with other trading partners. NAFTA simply accelerated the inevitable.
From the Paper "The dismantling of trade barriers and opening of markets have led to economic growth and rising prosperity in the U.S., Mexico and Canada. The real GDP growth for all NAFA partners from 1993 to 2005 has been impressive. U.S. GDP during this time period grew 48%t while Mexico's increased by 40% and Canada's grew by 49%. However, because the Canadian and Mexican economies are much smaller than the economy of the U.S., their increases actually represent much larger growth rates."
"There is great debate about the job and wage impact of NAFTA. U.S. unemployment has fallen from 7.5% just before the signing of NAFTA, while trade deficits over the last decade grew by nearly 300%. Further, total U.S. employment grew by twenty-two million jobs between 1990 and 2000, and U.S. average per capita real income rose by 26% over the same period."
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Migration, 2007. This paper discusses migration in the global market focusing on women's part in this issue. 2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 86.95 »
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Abstract In this paper, the writer maintains that the change in the outlook, approach, tactics and demand of the global market has put more pressure on businessmen and businesswomen to migrate internationally and take full advantage of the opportunities that are being presented due to the modified global market system. The writer discusses employment in the global marketplace, concentrating on women's place in this issue. The writer concludes that it is no new thing that women are very much a part of the developing world and play their part in its growth with skillful input in the job opportunities that they avail, yet the majority of the proportion of working women still occupy the lower managerial jobs and services pertaining to their racial, academic, ethnicity, religious conviction, communicative and English speaking skills leading to varied working conditions, paying scales and social-economic standards.
Outline:
Introduction
Women in the global workforce
Migrant women and global workforce
Conclusion
From the Paper "This change in the outlook, approach, tactics and demand of the global market has put more pressure on the businessmen and businesswomen to migrate internationally and take full advantage of the opportunities that are being presented due to the modified global market system. Mostly, the hiring and promotional techniques of all global market employees is assessed on the division that their home towns and choice of migrated towns have when it comes to gender employment. The rising pattern that can be seen in the global migration is the move of many determined and independent women into the cutthroat world of global trade which, according to a report done by ILO in 2003, has led to the hiring and placement of women in highly susceptible positions. This particular concept is named the 'feminization' of migration and because of this 'feminization', and the jobs being provided to the women, the concept of the 'feminization of poverty' is emerging with a steady and healthy rise in the social-economic status of the women."
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Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", 2007. This paper studies the essay "The Tragedy of the Commons" by Garrett Hardin. 750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer notes that although Garrett Hardin's essay entitled "The Tragedy of the Commons" was written nearly 40 years ago, it has even more impact today than when it was written, as we watch the population of the world continue to climb exponentially. The writer points out that Hardin's concern with overpopulation caused by, as he terms it, "the freedom to breed" is prevalent in all parts of the world today. In the third world where population is increasing at the greatest rate, starvation and disease run rampant. The writer further discusses that in the industrial world, the current population is beginning to tax natural resources such as fossil fuels, land and water just as Hardin predicted. The writer concludes that what Hardin saw 40 years ago is still true today, population growth must be controlled.
From the Paper "In this example, Hardin explores the idea of how people really are looking out for their own best interest with no regard for or unintentional benefit for the common good. Hardin asks the reader to imagine a pasture that is open to all to use. At more primitive times, overpopulation of the pasture by animals did not occur due to natural attrition. However, in more modern times, a point will occur when the balance will be tipped. Adding one more animal to the grazing land will cause it to be overpopulated. Nevertheless, the individual herders weigh their options and determine that they will benefit more personally by adding additional animals and the negative consequences are slight in comparison. If all of the herdsmen add animals, eventually they will being it to ruin.
To give this example more impact, Hardin looks to the National Parks as a modern example of how the lack of limits placed on individuals can destroy something."
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A Cutback in Defense Spending, 2006. An analysis of the financial implications of the cutback in defense spending on global defense companies. 5,642 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 136.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at global defense companies and the adaptations they have been forced to make over the years, in order to survive. According to the paper, defense spending has resulted in increased production of goods and services needed to satisfy the increased demand, a process that contributes to higher income and employment in the economy. The paper discusses how cutbacks influence the general economy.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three: What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion
From the Paper "In spite of these changes in the nature of the threats being arrayed against the U.S. at home and its interests and allies abroad and despite President Bush's articulation of specific campaign promises to "skip a generation" in weapons procurement, all three of the Pentagon's advanced fighter plane programs continued to receive funding; in fact, in 2002 alone, almost $12 billion was allocated to the Air Force's F-22 Raptor, the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35, and the Navy's F-18E/F fighter plane (Ciarroco, 2002). According to Ciarroco, "The F-22 has been described as a costly cold war relic designed for an enemy that no longer exists. The Super Hornet, as the F-18E/F is known, has not been able to meet key performance goals that were used to justify its development" (2002, p. 2). The JSF (also known as the F-35) was considered one of the more likely programs to be cut or scaled back; within weeks of September 11, 2001, though, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $19 billion development contract, and international partners formally joined (Ciarroco, 2002). "
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Essential Peter Drucker, 2007. This paper discusses society and the views of Peter Drucker while studying the book "The Essential Drucker: The Best of Sixty Years of Peter Drucker's Essential Writings on Management". 3,039 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 89.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer maintains that Peter Drucker's mostly astute views on management, individuals and society are both interesting, informative and instructive for those who have an interest in society's economic and social workings. This paper then goes on to review and analyze the views that Drucker puts forward. The writer places emphasis on Drucker's views where he may be a bit less than fully correct - or entirely out of touch with the subject, perhaps based on the fact that between the time Drucker wrote and published his views and this moment in history, events have passed him by.
From the Paper "When it comes to churches or any nonprofit, they may be using volunteers and operating on bare-bones budgets, but the one thing they have in common is they are viable organizations, with solid structures, good communication systems, and well-managed."
"While covering the dynamics of volunteerism, Drucker does not delve into the enormous power of the corporate organization to fuel local nonprofit campaigns for social change. His discussion of organizations is most frequently based on sociology, productivity, power and political considerations. And he tends to give short shrift to the involvement of older people and their involvement in nonprofits."
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Illegal Immigrants, 2007. This paper explores the benefits and burdens of illegal immigrants. 2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how many Americans are against illegal immigrants receiving free education, employment opportunities and healthcare. The paper then examines the claim that the prevention of foreign workers from entering the United States could prove highly disruptive for farming and other low-wage industries. The paper explains that while legal and illegal immigration creates a net economic gain for the nation as a whole, it is an excessive burden on the local economies of the seven states where illegal immigrants concentrate.
From the Paper "People have always moved around, whether to escape war and persecution, discrimination or poverty. For the most part, a strong sense of family responsibility has always been a major factor behind migration, to provide better support and build better lives (Dwyer). However, although human migration is not new, illegal immigration is, for only recently have countries attempted to control and regulate the flow of immigration (Dwyer). While societies have attempted to exclude undesirables, such as criminals, particular ethnic or racial groups, and those with contagious diseases, it has only been in the past century that nations have tried to control the number and kinds of immigrants in a systematic way, yet such attempts have not been very effective (Dwyer)."
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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Systems, 2007. This paper discusses the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) systems employed by Switzerland and the United Kingdom as compared to the U.S.A. 9,860 words (approx. 39.4 pages), 37 sources, APA, $ 200.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the Financial Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) was formed by the G-7 nations as an intergovernmental task force to examine money laundering trends, techniques and past AML actions and to develop new, more effective measures for implementation into anti-money laundering (AML) systems. The author points out that, although Switzerland and the U.K. have developed intricate AML systems as describe in this paper, the U.S.'s enforcement oriented AML system is the international leader. The paper recommends that AML systems could be strengthened by investigating and prosecuting money laundering activity in connection with every criminal offense, which is often associated with money laundering, such as terrorism, corruption and tax evasion This paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition of Money Laundering
Trends in Money Laundering
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: International Standards
History of the Development of Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: The United Kingdom
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: Switzerland
The Future of Money Laundering and Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Switzerland vs. the U.K.: How Effective are Their AML Systems?
Appendix 1: Country Page - Switzerland, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 2: Country Page - the United Kingdom, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 3: FATF - The Forty Recommendations
From the Paper "It is important to understand past trends in methods for money laundering in order to predict and prevent the development of future methods. This is gained through an in-depth understanding of the prevalence and evolution of money laundering methods and their current and emerging trends. The identification of trends ensures that money laundering methods are understood and that action is taken to comprehend other key factors involved, such as context. Through its typologies effort, the FATF emphasized the identification and description of money laundering trends both at the worldwide level and on a more systematic basis."
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Arbitrage Pricing in Hong Kong, 2007. A study of how the arbitrage pricing theory is typically used to model economic risk and market behaviors in general, with a view to how these applied to China and Hong Kong in particular. 9,927 words (approx. 39.7 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 201.95 »
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Abstract This paper attempts to determine how effective the arbitrary pricing theory can be when it is applied to the current situation in Hong Kong to identify the market return and any possible macroeconomic factors such as interest rates, stock market indexes, GDP, inflation rate. The paper accomplishes this through an analysis of empirical studies and a review of current and chronological macroeconomic indicators for Hong Kong.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-Gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations and Reflections
From the Paper "Modern economics - and society - requires well-established laws to function efficiently. In this regard, the first law of economics is clearly the law of supply and demand, but the "law of one price" (hereafter simply "the Law") also plays an important role as well. While economic theory suggests that these processes will be maintained precisely in competitive markets with no transactions costs and no barriers to trade, in real world setting, details concerning market institutions are also important in determining whether disruptions in the law of supply and demand can occur (Lamont & Thaler, 2003). Many economists have traditionally assumed that the Law could be applied almost exactly in financial markets because of the workings of arbitrage. In this regard, these authors define arbitrage as "the simultaneous buying and selling of the same security for two different prices, is perhaps the most crucial concept of modern finance" (Lamont & Thaler, 2003, p. 191). "
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FDR's New Deal, 2007. This paper re-examines the influence of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, during the era of the Great Depression, on the past and present social and economic climate of the nation. 6,350 words (approx. 25.4 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 147.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that FDR's New Deal, which followed the onset of the disastrous Great Depression, represents the most significant expansion of the federal government's role and responsibility during the twentieth century. The author argues that these reforms, which are described in this paper, did not successfully end the period of Great Depression and only partly alleviated the suffering of Americans. The paper stresses that the legacy of the New Deal should be re-examined because this type of legislation and the creation of artificial federal government controls can stagnate the potential for real economic growth in a free market. The paper includes the extensive use of long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
President's Reforms and Era of Depression
First and Second Series of Reforms
Consequences and Critical Evaluation
Economic Legacy of New Deal
From the Paper "The centralization of government that was accomplished during this time has never been completely undone. The federal government's first systematic network for distribution of funds (Federal Reserve) to localities, with the inclusion of insurance of funds up to a certain amount (currently 100,000) was established during this time and still functions in much the same way as it has since its inception. Conservation efforts and federal administration of public policy also still remain a large part of the national picture."
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Effects of Globalization, 2007. This paper examines globalization and discusses its effects. 1,087 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses what globalization is and looks at why it is important to domestic firms and the individual consumer. The writer also analyzes the ways in which globalization is a benefit and how it can operate as a threat. Finally, the writer concludes with a discussion of the manner in which globalization affects a society's beliefs, economy and politics. The writer concludes that facing the effects of globalization calls for a complete change of mind-set among policymakers, planners, administrators, academicians, researchers and people alike. The writer maintains that overcoming these challenges will no doubt lead to a better society for individuals in all countries, whether economically advantaged or under developed.
Outline:
Introduction
Importance of Globalization to Domestic Firms and the Individual Consumer
Benefits of Globalization
The Threats Posed by Globalization
The Effects of Globalization on a Society's Beliefs, Economy & Politics
From the Paper "Globalization is important to domestic firms because it allows them the opportunity to expand into international markets, thus growing their business and increasing their revenue potential. It gives domestic firms the opportunity sell their goods online through ecommerce worldwide, without having to establish a company in a foreign country. Domestic firms can also set up factories overseas and outsource the production of their manufactured goods, at a much lower price than before. Outsourcing also benefits the foreign country that the goods are outsourced to, because it creates previously unavailable jobs in poorer countries. Globalization affects the end consumer because people in other countries are able to make purchases online without having to travel to another country. Through the Internet, the domestic consumer now has the opportunity to purchase foreign products and goods not previously available to them. Technology has also allowed for the rapid shipment of goods between countries, connecting countries through global commerce."
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Structural Adjustment Policies, 2007. An analysis of structural adjustment policies and their implications for developing nations. 1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses structural adjustment policies (SAPs), which are those policies that the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have put forward over many years to developing nations. The paper particularly discusses the problems with these policies and how they have negatively affected developing nations. The paper then proposes solutions to the problems that have been created by these policies.
Table of Contents:
Thesis
Explanation Of Structural Adjustment
What Is The World Bank's Impact
Pros/Cons
Conclusion
From the Paper "On the subject of Africa, the WB, and structural adjustment programs, an article in the Journal of Asian and African Studies (Gibson 2004) asserts that it is "now generally accepted in African studies" that the 20-plus years that Africa has been under the dictates of structural adjustment "...has been a devastating failure." Not only have the WB policies "failed," Gibson writes, but indeed the continent of Africa has "moved from 'crisis' to 'tragedy.'" And what is the reason for this reported slide into tragedy? From the WB's perspective, Gibson explains, Africa's economic performance has been poor; African "elites" and "government patronage" have drained the nations in Africa of the resources that the WB has tried to provide, in the view of the WB. The promises of security, health, and education, made by the WB when the loans were approved, "can no longer be met," Gibson goes on."
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Healthcare in Ukraine, 2006. A review of the Ukrainian healthcare system and the poor economy. 1,865 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 59.95 »
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Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the healthcare system in Ukraine and the problems due to the poor state of its economy. According to the paper, the health of people in the Ukraine has been declining for quite some time due to the antiquated medical system inherited from the Soviet system. The paper goes on to say that most of the health problems are due to the after effects of the Chernobyl nuclear accident.
Contents:
Introduction
Current State of the Health System
Major Health Concerns
Role of International Health Organizations
Visitors Recommendation
Conclusion
From the Paper "Visitors should be well prepared before they make a visit to Ukraine. They need to realize the fact that there aren't many facilities over there. The healthcare system is pretty substandard. There is a shortage of hospital beds, medications and supplies. The hospitals also lack a lot of advanced medical technology. It would be a good idea for a visitor to get HIV tested before leaving for Ukraine."
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Corporate Governance in China, 2007. An exploration of China's corporate governance and current day issues, highlighting the necessity for research to be conducted on this topic. 1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 62.95 »
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Abstract This paper points out the necessity of exploring the effectiveness of current corporate government in China. The paper explores the problems that currently exist and their effects on the economy. The paper aims to be a solution-based research that seeks to make recommendations as to legislation and internal control mechanisms that will be useful in maintaining acceptable standards of corporate governance in China's future.
Outline:
Literature Review
Corporate Governance and Valuation
State vs. Private Ownership
Investor Protection
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper "The literature review revealed that some attention has been paid to corporate governance and its effects on competitiveness and firm trustworthiness as far as investors are concerned. However, it also revealed that regionalization due to an inferior infrastructure plays a significant role in the inability to apply uniform laws. Several important factors were revealed that may serve as metrics for the current study. For instance, executive salaries were found to be directly linked to firm performance in state-owned enterprises. A significant difference exists between private enterprise and state-owned enterprise. This will have to be addressed as well. Now let us examine an overview of the methodology that will be used to explore these research issues. "
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Economic Development, 2007. This paper discusses issues related to the economic development of less developed countries (LDCs). 2,670 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 80.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that some less developed countries (LDCs) face high levels of indebtedness and sudden flight capital, which cause concern among international financial institutions. The author points out that the reasons for these problems are (1) low savings rates, which lead to low investment, a breakdown of the rule of law and high corruption and (2) inadequate reforms by last resort financing organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The paper relates that foreign aid has been a disappointing experience for LDCs even though the World Trade Organization carries a powerful enforcement capacity; however, this process is unbalanced because the threat of sanctions by a developing country on a country such as the U.S., carries little weight in addition to the prohibitive cost and legal expertise requiremed to pursue a case.
Table of Contents:
Problems
Foreign Aid
From the Paper "Consumption smoothing is another less disappointing means of increasing savings for less developed nations. What this means is that with integrated capital markets, households can smooth consumption against shocks that affect asymmetrically the domestic and foreign countries, and thus will make them better off. In bad times, countries will borrow money and will lend money in good times, leading to fluctuations of the current account. This concept can be applied in a demographic manner, for example, aging countries can transfer savings to countries whose population is ..."
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Capitalist Philosophy, 2007. This paper examines how the ethics of capitalism sometimes work against the public good. 775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how capitalism can harm the public good by hindering class mobility and increasing prices for necessary goods and services. The paper shows how capitalism has its own ethics that do not necessarily create equal economic opportunity and protection for all.
Outline:
Hindering Class Mobility
Raising Prices of Necessary Goods
Conclusion
From the Paper "A key ethic of capitalism is that the means of economic production should be controlled privately, as opposed to being the purview of the government. It is easy to see how this ethic contributes to a lack of class mobility that is at odds with other ethics, even within capitalist societies (Gordon, 2005). Because capitalism promotes private control of economic production, and such control provides wealth in a capitalist society, we are left to wonder how one gains such control. Quite simply, gaining control requires money to acquire means of economic production. A lower-income person will not be able to acquire the means to his or her wealth, and even loans often require collateral or some type of personal guarantee."
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The WTO and Trade Dispute, 2007. A case study of a World Trade Organization trade dispute and its resolution. 3,573 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 99.95 »
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Abstract The World Trade Organization is an organization that works to help its members attain and maintain fair trade practices on a global level. This paper looks at how in 1995 two of the world's most economically powerful nations came to blows over an anti-dumping issue. Japan believed the United States was at fault while the U.S. argued that Japan was wrong. It focuses on how the WTO tried to mediate the situation and how, although the U.S. and Japan made up, the WTO was left with bruises that are still healing.
Outline:
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Dispute Process
One Case
Conclusion
From the Paper "While the organization has been set and governed for the purpose of allowing fair trade practices among its members, as well as providing a worldwide voice for issues that the WTO members feel they need to speak up about, there are times in which the members will disagree with each other about fair trade. It is during these times that the WTO steps in and mediates those disagreements. This helps countries establish agreements and settle problems without resorting to war or serious embargos that can threaten to bring on a war between two or more nations."
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9/11 and The Macroeconomy, 2007. A review of the effect of September 11, 2001 on the economies of many differrent nations. 2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how the September 11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center has impacted the world economies. According to the paper, the effect of 9/11 on the macroeconomy has been tremendous, and its full effects still have not been felt. The paper goes on to say that as countries resolve their feuds and try to put themselves back together, more economic changes will be felt.
From the Paper "Not only have occupants of affected countries fled or tried to flee their ravaged areas, but any trade that was being done in those areas has been disrupted or destroyed. Refugees from Iraq and other affected countries have had borders closed against them and have been turned back to return to their ravaged cities. In the countryside, crops have not been grown. In the towns, production in plants has stopped as laborers have been killed, injured or have fled. Clients of businesses have been unable or afraid to trade with their suppliers, and business areas of major cities (and minor towns) have been destroyed or damaged."
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