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Third-World Under-Development, 2007.
This paper looks at the dependency theory vs. the modernization theory for explaining why large parts of the world remain under-developed.
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the modernization and dependency theories, which explain third-world under-development. The paper assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each. The paper determines that the dependency theory is more effective at illustrating why so much of the world continues to lag behind North America and Europe.
From the Paper
"Before proceeding too far, it is necessary to understand what each of the theories means and where each is both strong and weak. To start with, modernization theory holds that economic development and progress is intimately connected to the socio-political institutions and general attitudes of a society. As a result, developing countries which seek to "modernize" and accrue the trappings of western nations must eschew "antiquated" values and traditions in favor of modern sensibilities which disdain "traditionalism," fatalism, and unbending kinship relationships. To elaborate more fully, "modern" societies are merit-based in their dispensation of "spoils", emphasize social mobility (both up and down), emphasize also entrepreneurship and ambition, and emphasize participation by individuals in the shaping of society. Finally, modern societies privilege and "make way for" capital accumulation - the sort of accumulation which makes development possible (Webster, 49-53)."
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American Revolution, 2007.
This paper looks at the various causes of the American Revolution.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Revolution has traditionally been taught as if it was one single, unified movement. The writer points out that, according to this view, all Americans rose heroically as one to challenge tyranny, motivated by their love of freedom and desire for self-governance. However, the writer maintains that more recent interpretations have challenged this simplistic interpretation. It is argued in this paper that it is more correct to see the American Revolution as "many revolutions," in that there were many contributing ideas and factors, rather than one simple movement.
From the Paper
"Now, while many Americans clearly agreed with this idea, the point is that the frameworks within which they agreed with it were highly diverse. For example, Calvinists in New England were searching through the Bible for indications of the will of God, while at the other extreme, rationalists in Virginia were studying nature to discern divine mechanics. The only thing that united these diverse approaches and ideas about the nature of reality was a shared belief that every event was meant to be, and was given meaning by God ... "
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Global Trade: Different Perspectives, 2007.
This paper explores the debate surrounding free trade and trade liberalization.
816 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines five articles and their fiscal, sovereign, environmental and social perspectives of free trade. The paper is of the opinion that investors are fundamentally concerned with profit and not on developing emerging economies. The paper claims that despite the rhetoric to the contrary, there is little being addressed in terms of socioeconomic issues that negatively affect trade partners.
From the Paper
"The debate around world trade is a much discussed topic in the news and society at large. In studying the issues as presented in the five articles discussed, it becomes clear that there are a number of perspectives including fiscal, sovereign, environmental, and social. Each perspective has merit; however the perspectives are not autonomous but rather interdependent and there seems to be a divide that exists between those who discuss fiscal issues versus those who discuss social issues."
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Softwood Lumber Dispute, 2007.
This paper examines the US-Canadian softwood lumber dispute in a Canadian context.
1,978 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the proposed softwood lumber agreement is designed to resolve the long standing trade dispute between Canada and the United States. The paper explains why Canada's primary objective with the proposed agreement is to liberalize trade. The paper explores whether Canada's interests are being served by this agreement. The paper looks at an important interest group, the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) that supports Canada in this dispute.
Outline:
The Proposed Agreement
Interest Groups
From the Paper
"The proposed softwood lumber agreement is designed to finally resolve the long standing trade dispute between Canada and the United States. It has provisions that are beneficial for Canada and provisions that are beneficial for the United States."
"The major benefit for the Canadian industry is the fact that the agreement would result in the elimination of the trade barriers currently in place. For example, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade's website states,
"The U.S. will revoke the CVD and AD orders on Canadian softwood lumber imports and stop collecting deposits"(Anonymous www. international.gc.ca/eicb/softwood/basic-terms-en.as). This would mean that the trade barriers erected by the United States would be essentially eliminated.""
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Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages to Canada of the Softwood Lumber Agreement between Canada and the United States.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Softwood Lumber Agreement between Canada and the United States, which aims to resolve a longstanding trade dispute between Canada and the United States. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of the agreement, as well as the interests of the provincial and federal governments. The paper also discusses the history of the dispute and the role of the Quebec Forest Industry Council.
From the Paper
"This approach to lobbying the federal and provincial governments becomes understandable when we view other documents on the QFIC website, such as its statement of condemnation of the previous Liberal government in Ottawa in November 2005 for not doing enough to supply aid to the Quebec lumber industry. In this the QFIC reiterated to the federal government that the member companies of the organization were suffering under the current ongoing dispute, and that approximately US$1.2 billion in export duties charged by the United States government lay in the United States; money that the QFIC asserted was not only rightfully the money of the exporters, but that it also was desperately needed by many struggling companies in the industry in Quebec (QFIC). As an institutional interest group with a range of members, a collective memory and extensive resources (Stanbury and Moore 229), the QFIC represents a potent force in this particular area as may be seen in the Bloc Quebecois decision to support the minority federal government and insure passage of the agreement."
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Trade Policy, 2007.
An evaluation of the economic data and trade policy presented in "A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization" by Michael Hart.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Michael Hart's book, "A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization" in order to argue the case that Canadian trade policy is often created around subjective and biased economic information that create Canada's trade policy. The paper further analyzes how Hart uses both trade policy and empirical economic data in his research, rather than using market fluctuations and government interaction, to define how Canada's trade economy will function for the best interest of the nation.
From the Paper
"Finally, Hart uses trade policy to define how Canada will co-exist with America as a major trade partner in multilateral trade policy. Although the 1995 AFTA agreement helped to open the borders with American trade, the actually trade policy issues within the agreement were often not in the best interest of Canada. Often the issue of privatization in the American economy helped to defy the "openness" of the agreement, which helps to solidify Hart's thesis of data that stays close with policy initiatives. In many ways, the data revolving around Canada's markets and the way that politics plays into the mix, does not reflect the serious issues that limit the true autonomy of Canada's part in the NAFTA."
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Toronto Geography, 2007.
This paper discusses the geography of Toronto from a global point of view.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that typically, Toronto and the surrounding area are not the first places to come to mind when one is considering the major global hubs throughout the world. Yet, that writer points out that because of its unique location astride the border of two sizeable nations, the United States and Canada, Toronto is certainly a global paradox of both small town mentality and cosmopolitan enterprise. The writer maintains that one primary reason Toronto has evolved into an international crossroads of sort is that from the outset its development was not impaired by any natural barriers that would have prevented early forms of commerce and transportation. The writer concludes that it is clear that, geographically speaking, Toronto is a global region to which its current social, political, and cultural apparatus is presently enhancing. The writer uses several tables and images in this paper to support the information provided.
Outline:
Overview
Economic
Urban
Social
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Clearly, Toronto's geography has facilitated its global stature as a regional centre of commerce as well as immigration."
"Toronto's population is very urban in nature. One attribute of urban, as well as suburban life is transportation and the character a city's transportation habits adopt. Toronto's population is very dependent on all facets of transportation, public and private but especially on individual transportation solutions."
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Canada's Trade Policy, 2007.
This paper reviews the book "A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization", by Michael Hart.
1,649 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Michael Hart's thesis that Canadian trade policy has too often been shaped by political considerations rather than economic ones and this trend has led to economic dislocation that could have been avoided. The writer agrees with Hart in general, noting his lucid arguments in favor of free trade and his especially cogent argument in favor of NAFTA. The writer concludes that Michael Hart has made a valuable contribution to existing literature.
From the Paper
"Hart's defense of his thesis really begins early on in his work. For one thing, Hart notes that Canada has actually been strengthened in some respects by a heavily-regulated international trade situation insofar as such an arrangement actually makes it less vulnerable to unilateral and arbitrary decisions in Washington or elsewhere (8). Simply on its surface, this assertion makes a great deal of sense: Canada is a nation of just over 30 million souls; the United States has about ten times that number and possibly a 100 times the economic clout world-wide. Furthermore, other nations like Russia, China, India and even "western European" nations like France, Germany and Great Britain all have considerably greater human and capital resources than does Canada."
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The Modernization of Naidu, 2007.
An analysis of the process of modernization of the small traditional village of Naidu in China.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the political economy and modernization of a small-scale agricultural community, Naidu Village, Yunnan Province, China. It describes how it is a labor and production society characterized by reliance on a particular cash-crop - matsutake. The paper then discusses how this traditional society was forced into a process of modernization under market demand stemming from a foreign capitalist nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Paradigms of Economic Development
Modernization
A Political Economy Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Marxist thinking highlights the movement toward capitalist production in Naidu, an ideal also upheld by the theory of modernization. These changes have been clearly reflected in "community crafting and refining a process of rulemaking and implementation" (Menzies 37-38) in terms of Naidu's agricultural and political economy, including increased administration, military control and regimented labor under a probable advance to full-scale capitalism. When ones looks at the Naidu case from a global political economy perspective, the character (inevitably a fluctuating one) of the Japanese economy has a direct impact on Naidu, as Japan is its primary export partner - the implementation of government legislation and loss of villager control over production was, perhaps, inevitable, under this commoditization of matsutake."
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The Geography of Global Processes, 2007.
An analysis of globalization's effects on global divisions between the rich and the poor in Thailand.
832 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses globalization's affects on global divisions between the rich and the poor. In particular, the paper looks at this state of affairs and links it to broader class discussions about spatial interaction, scale, human/nature relationships and "space, place, and landscape." It analyzes the consequences of asymmetric exchanges of investment and people in different parts of the world. The paper focuses its discussion on the situation in Thailand. It contains an annotated bibliography at the end of the paper.
From the Paper
"The importance of this discussion is really two-fold. On one hand, demographic trends suggest that the Caucasian or "Western" percentage of the world's population will continue to decline relative to its non-white brethren over the next century; as a result, it is imperative that we understand the factors which are creating problems for that ever-growing proportion of the global population that is non-white. Clearly, if it can be proved that globalization benefits affluent (and demographically stagnant) western nations over demographically explosive Asian or South American nations, then the growing cost of this unjust arrangement will eventually cause debilitating political and social upheavals. In a related vein, there is evidence now available that Europe's share of the global market has declined relative to the share of the market enjoyed by China and by India. If this European decline continues, these latter nations may find themselves in the same position that poorer, developing countries found themselves in throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries; needless to say, if Europe wishes to be treated humanely by the new "masters of the house", it should endeavor to "smooth out" whatever rough edges of globalization are creating misery and poverty elsewhere."
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America and Globalization, 2007.
A strong argument against the ideas presented by Thomas Friedman's in his book, "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century".
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes the main ideas of chapters five, six and seven of "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" by Thomas Friedman. The paper refutes Friedman's three theories and maintains that they are one dimensional and nationalistic. The paper asserts that Friedman's arguments are illogical and his claims unwarranted.
Outline:
Abstract
Critique
From the Paper
"In Chapter Five " America and Free Trade" the essential thesis of Friedman's argument reflects the notion of globalization and the way that America plays an exemplary role in this economic process. The author continually uses the free trade market to explain why outsourcing of jobs helps the overall global markets through a series of supply driven markets. Friedman is actively defining the way that the global market helps to invigorate competition within American markets, defining a large scale "community" of labor and trade that will mutually benefit both American and International economies (Friedman 225-228)."
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Commodities, 2007.
An analysis of the Marxist interpretation of the history and form of commodities.
2,548 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the term commodities. It describes the modern history of commodities and then focuses on the Marxist interpretation of the history and form of commodities. The paper delves into how value and human labor define characteristics of commodities. It finally describes the opposition to the Marxist definitions and explanations of commodities.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Modern History of the Commodity
Marxist Interpretation of Commodities: History and Form
Value and Human Labor as Defining Characteristics of the Commodity
Commodity Value = Money?
Opposition to Marx
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Gold, or money, is therefore an expression of value in defining the nature of the commodity because it is a measure of that commodity's value. Commodity value needs always to be determined by some measure - whether that be gold or money. This measure implies that it is invariable, as it is a unit of weight and should require a fixed ratio of values; but this is not the case, as the value of gold can - and does - change. This has little effect on the nature of the commodity as different quantities of gold will always represent the same ratio of relative values, and can therefore be used as a measure of assessment for commodity value. In other words, gold (and money) can always be used as a standard stable price measure, regardless of alterations to its own implicit value (Marx "Contribution" 65)."
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Macroeconomics: Historical Perspective, 2007.
An analysis of some of the major economic occurrences between 1960 and 2000 and an examination of the Phillips curve.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the major economic occurrences between 1960 and 2000. It briefly examines the oil shocks of the 1970s and the Savings and Loan crisis and the extremely high inflation and unemployment rates during the early 1980s. Finally, the paper analyzes the Phillips curve as a method of gaining further insight into economic data (as opposed to simply relying on broad spectrum data such as the gross domestic product (GDP)).
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Macroeconomics: Historical Perspective
Overview
Fiscal Policy
Inflation & Recession
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Phillips curve takes on greater importance because according to the Phillips curve, inflation in the long-term is determined strictly by a corresponding growth in the supply of money (Yang, 1992). In the Phillip's curve inflation (I) is factored against unemployment (U) to produce an inverse relationship where price (P) and output (O) are inter-related. Thus, a more accurate economic model can be constructed that accounts for more than simply GDP rates which, according to the data, if taken independently, show nothing but a strong performing economy since 1960."
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Outsourcing American Jobs, 2007.
This paper strongly contends that outsourcing American jobs has no beneficial contributions to American society, or the American worker.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that despite claims made by many American manufacturers today, the outsourcing of American jobs does not create higher paying positions in the American labor market, nor does it serve to stimulate the economy. The paper refutes the claim that outsourcing is making it possible for third world workers to finally see relief from their impoverished lives. The paper contends that, in fact, outsourcing allows the wealthy of the nation to increase their profit margins and further separates the social classes from realizing an existence of equality in the United States. The paper discusses Karl Marx's beliefs about capitalism creating an immense gap between the social classes and relates this to the problem of outsourcing.
From the Paper
"Free trade in the modern globalized society was believed to be the answer for declining businesses in the United States. Opening markets for imports and exports that had previously been unavailable to manufacturers supposedly meant that industries could continue to grow, jobs would be more plentiful to Americans and the national economy would increase. Yet, not long after the barriers to trade had been lifted between the United States and other nations, American businesses began to rethink their expenditures. American workers belonged to unions that demanded specific salaries, working conditions that had to meet certain specifications and benefits for employees. American taxes for industrial land were high and the costs of supplies for manufacturing were continuously increasing in the American market. Therefore, companies in the United States began to consider the increased profits that they would be capable of obtaining if they relocated to other nations, or outsourced their work to foreign employees altogether."
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Growth Stocks, 2007.
A comparison of growth stocks and dividend stocks and their growth.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses growth stocks verses dividend stocks and looks at why the market trend is toward investing in dividend stocks. The paper also explains why there has recently been an increase in criticism of growth stocks. Additionally, the paper describes the logic behind the investment in growth stocks and their typical expected growth, as well as provides an explanation of dividend stocks.
From the Paper
"There is some argument made that the emphasis on growth stocks and growth investing strategies over the last 20 years has been due to the increased emphasis on speculative trading spearheaded by various hedge funds. Hedge funds and similar minded investors seek growth stocks that will increase in value rapidly over the short term with the expectation that they will dump the stock as soon as a cost justification is reached (Murphy). That said, none would argue that a renewed emphasis on dividend stocks would return some much needed stability to the stock markets and allow for wealth creation based on sound business strategies and long-term strategic decisions of the companies being invested in. There will always be companies in the markets that exhibit rapid earnings growth but the emphasis should be on stable expansion rather than on a universal drive to expand earnings across all public companies in order to please investors. This type of mindset is both self-defeating and unsustainable."
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Capitalism, 2007.
A review of Karl Marx's views on the capitalist society.
709 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses capitalism and its relationship with democracy. It also discusses the relationship between socialism and democracy in today's society. The paper discusses the development of social theory and then describes Karl Marx's theories on the capitalist society and discusses why capitalism continues to thrive in today's society.
From the Paper
"Two of the important principles of behavior associated with economics are reciprocity and redistribution, and these feed certain universal elements of human nature. The first is associated with the sustenance of the family and is related to family and kinship, while redistribution is a territorial and society-wide effect. More complex civilizations actually test the limits of reciprocity and strain efforts at redistribution, but still they do address these underlying conceptions of human nature. Large-scale economies are run with an understanding of redistribution, and human beings work for their families on the basis of reciprocity. Capitalism does so in spite of the view of Marx that it does not, which is why capitalism continues to thrive and to seek ways of mitigating the tensions that remain."
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Politics and Economics of Globalization, 2007.
This paper discusses globalization's political and economic realities, nation states and the citizen.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the politics and economics of globalization and shows how poverty and inequality are a result of globalization. The paper discusses how wealthy countries profit from the poor countries and countries themselves have a dual economy of the rich growing wealthier and the poor, poorer. The paper also discusses how in a globalized era, the nation-state often ignores the sentiments and welfare of their citizens.
Outline:
Introduction
The Politics of Globalization
The Economics of Globalization
The Nation State and the Citizen
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Globalization has been held up as a result of technological and other inter-connectedness. One sees much reference to progress and to a so-called Global Village. However, when globalization is examined with attention to its political and economic realities one recognizes a close to imperial project of participating powers that gain in ways that tend to benefit classes with access to capital while disadvantaging proletarian and deprived groups. It is argued that globalization has weakened the boundaries of the nation-state but, in different ways, one sees that actually the citizen's position can be very much weakened according to his or her location within nation-states that do prevail."
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East Asian Financial Crisis, 2007.
This paper examines the role of the IMF (International Monetary Fund) in South Korea during the East Asian economic crisis.
3,649 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, that saw the downturn of many East Asian and Southeast Asian economies. The paper explains that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame due to its handling of the crisis. The paper focuses on the IMF efforts in South Korea and reveals that the IMF today is moving toward a less restrictive and more realistic system.
Outline:
Introduction
The East Asian Economic Crisis
South Korea
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The South Korean Central Bank was forced to expand its open market operations (OMO) in order to attempt to stabilize its currency. By elevating the amount of OMO in terms of their own securities, Central Banks attempt to control extreme devaluation in times of stress or manage exchange rates in a more stable fashion (Guille 57). For South Korea, contracting the amount of currency through sales of securities was extremely important in controlling the free-fall of the Won during the extent of the crisis."
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Brazil and a Free Trade Area of the Americas, 2007.
This paper evaluates the effects of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil using Mexico as a model.
3,872 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the potential impact of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement with Brazil by looking more closely at the impact of NAFTA upon Mexico. In particular, the paper looks at worker conditions in Mexico, the heavy reliance of Mexico upon maquiladoras and the US economy, the disruptive impact of free trade upon many of Mexico's prime industries (chiefly agriculture) and the implications of free trade for the long-term viability of Mexico's present education system. The paper also explores what the free trade environment has meant for Mexico's fragile ecology.
From the Paper
"To start with, it need hardly be said that many first-world countries (of which there is none richer than the United States) trumpet the economic benefits to be derived from open trade between nations. At the same time, opponents of free trade in the developing world decry proposals such as the FTAA as being socially negative and as a means by which first-world, Western nations can consolidate an asymmetric power relationship between themselves and poorer countries. Naturally enough, such opponents also fear the mass-exploitation of natural resources and the implementation of regulatory "red tape" which will constrain internal growth and hobble the ability of languishing nations to join the first rank of economic powers. As one might expect, Mexico is a nation which often springs to mind whenever one contemplates the prospective economic impact of an FTAA arrangement upon Brazil insofar as both nations are relatively resource rich, possess abundant labor pools coveted by foreign multinationals, and have considerable (albeit predominantly latent) intellectual capital which can serve as a boon to themselves and to the outside world if channeled properly. However, the North American Free Trade Agreement has not been kind to Mexico despite its many promising opportunities."
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