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Turkey's Economy, 2008.
An overview of Turkey's budget deficit from 1980 and its growth outlook, as well as its current economic situation.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Turkish economy from the 1980s to the present day. It looks at Turkey's budget deficit over the years from 1980, inflation in the country and its growth outlook. It then discusses Turkey's purchasing power parity (PPP). The paper then focuses on the economic situation in Turkey from 2007 and provides expansion plans for the economy of the country.
Table of Contents:
Inflation
1980s and Later
Budget Deficit
Inflation and Growth Outlook
Purchasing Power Parity
PPP and the Exchange Rate
2007 and Beyond
Short-term Interest Rates
Interest Rate Spreads
Interest Rate Projections
Turkish Expansion Plans
From the Paper
"While the Turkish economy is still fragile and highly susceptible to external shocks, it is just as clear that the government has done a remarkable job in gaining control of the economy. The short-term interest rate is at historically low levels and the Turkish Lira is trading strongly on the foreign exchange markets. Inflation too is relatively low for the market and GDP is on a growth trend. The greatest risk to market entry is actually not from internal economic instability but rather from the external geo-political climate in the region. The company should pursue market entry into Turkey but needs a well thought out exits strategy integrated into the project plan."
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Unemployment Insurance and the Canadian Economy, 2006.
An examination of Canada's unemployment insurance program and its effects on the Canadian economy.
2,122 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Canada's Employment Insurance (EI) program, which has been largely negative for Canada's economic growth but relied upon by workers. It explains how employers are often penalized for their participation and receive little in the way of financial incentive to generate new jobs or higher salaries. The paper also shows that the Canadian government should equalize the contribution limits of the EI by the employer and the employee, because then employers would receive some reprieve from the financial severity of supporting the majority of the EI programs and services. The writer concludes that the EI is counter-productive to robust economic performance as well as to long-term, stable economic growth.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Foreign Labour
Economic Impact
Elevating the EI
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Canada, as most other leading economies in the West, offers a comprehensive employment related insurance program that provides for work related payment benefits in the event of layoff, job loss or other employment related issue that results in a covered inability to work. Previously, this system in Canada was referred to as the Unemployment Insurance but since 1996 has been simply termed the Employment Insurance (EI) and is a government program overseen by the Human Resources and Skills Development Canada or the HSSDC (Employment, 2006b). EI is very important to the Canadian economy and social services system because Canada relies on a large population of seasonal workers due to the harsher climates in some of its Provinces as well as to some of its seasonal industries."
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Electronic Money, 2008.
This paper discusses electronic money in relation to the traditional banking methods, analyzing Berndt Kempa's article "Money in an Electronic World".
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that in his enlightening article regarding electronic money, "Money in an Electronic World", Bernd Kempa argues that electronic funds are not likely to replace traditional money any time soon but that the role of the central bank in determining a country's monetary policy may be affected. The writer points out that the Kempa voices these concerns in closing his research in which he successfully illustrates the development of electronic funds and cash. The writer discusses that companies such as eBay and Amazon.com have turned the retail industry upside down and these two companies alone handle billions of dollars annually in electronic funds across international markets without ever handling physical currencies. Yet, the writer maintains that central banks will continue to determine monetary policy because the simple fact is that none of these new economy institutions or the electronic funds that accompany new business models creates money themselves. The writer concludes that they only move currency values that have been created via traditional channels.
Outline:
Author Analysis
Developments in Electronic Money
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These observations are, while not being indicative of an impending catastrophe, somewhat alarming for economists who might be concerned with monetary policy at the national level. However, by raising such alarms, the author does not adequately support why he believes electronic funds might hold the potential to undermine such national economic and monetary policy when, in fact, all electronic funds originate first with the issuance of funds through traditional channels. No company that regularly operates in the financial markets, private or otherwise, has the ability to generate funds, whether electronic or otherwise, in any manner that supersedes the role or the oversight of the central banking systems."
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Globalization and the Welfare State, 2008.
A review of three academic articles about the impact of globalization on the European welfare state.
1,996 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three articles, Mark Weisbrot's , "The Scorecard on Globalization, 1980-2000: Twenty Years of Diminished Progress", an International Monetary Fund article, "Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?" and Robert Estes' , "Trends in Social Development, 1970-1995: Development Prospects For a New Century," in order to determine how globalization has impacted the European welfare state. It then
attempts to determine why the social welfare state developed differently in Great Britain compared to other Western European states and why the different origins of social welfare states produced varied patterns of globalization policy development, and vice versa. In particular, it focuses on the impact of globalization on the fall of the social welfare state in Great Britain, for many economists have linked the growing inequality of income and wealth throughout Western Europe to globalization.
From the Paper
"Economic globalization is expanding and accelerating because capitalist institutions, ideology, and behaviors pervade much of the global economy. This translates into the dominance of capitalist market systems, market values, and market mechanisms. The reality of the world economy, however, is much more complex, and many people are increasingly frustrated by the negative economic aspects of globalization, for macroeconomic theory doesn't seem to affect them much, but a lost job because their company transfers its production facilities overseas because of cheaper labor does
affect them. "
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Common Agricultural Policy, 2008.
An analysis of the initial rationale, practice, policies, outcomes and recommendations of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
2,644 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the European Union's recent reiteration of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It discusses the reforms that are currently underway to help reframe the CAP model and promote equitable trade within European agricultural partnerships. The paper also looks at the criticism of these initiative by policymakers and economists and describes the rationale that makes the initiatives necessary.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Initial Rationale
Practices
Policies
Outcomes
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Efficient and equitable functioning under the CAP was not possible under the conditions that existed prior to the reform processes that took place in 2004 and 2005. The outlay of expenses was simply not compensated for in positive economic developments; moreover, social justice, which was a mainstay of the CAP as a means of improving the quality of life for rural and agrarian communities, does not appear to have been met. Salvatici's (2001) "liberalization" model also indicates failure to improve quality of life for the majority of persons, suggesting that abandonment of the CAP is equally as unfeasible as allowing it to maintain its current course of action."
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History of the Currency Crisis, 2008.
This paper discusses the history of the currency crisis focusing on Asia and Mexico.
2,011 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This document discusses currency crises and utilizes the Asian financial crisis of 1997 to 1998 and the Mexican peso crisis of 1994 as illustrative examples. In both of these examples, the writer notes that the currency crises were precipitated by sudden capital flights out of the markets in question which exacerbated the devaluation of the currencies. In essence, the writer maintains that currency crises occur because investors, internal or external, leave a market suddenly and with little prior indication. The writer concludes that regardless of how valid the investor assumption of impending currency devaluation is the fact of their sudden flight from the market always leads to the devaluation they were predicting.
Outline:
Abstract
Currency Crises in Asia and Mexico
Overview
Asian Financial Crisis
South Korean Crisis
Central Bank & OMO
Exchange Rate Behavior
Conclusion
Mexican Currency Crisis
Overview
Build up to Crisis
The Trigger
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, because of the currency speculators, who are typically foreign institutional investors, introduce a degree of risk simply through the size of their investment in a single currency that would not otherwise be there if the speculation was limited to smaller investors. While there are a whole slew of factors that must accompany a genuine currency crisis, in general, a crisis develops as these large institutional speculators perceive a decline in value of the currency and dump their investments en masse. The ensuing devaluation of the currency in question is unsustainable and the event often exposes other fundamental economic weaknesses that were disguised previous to the onset of the currency crisis, such as credit over extension in the market and a lack of foreign capital reserves."
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Riordan Operations, 2008.
An analysis of the foreign market issues regarding the expansion of Riordan Manufacturing into the Canadian market.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Riordan Manufacturing as it relates to the firm's pending expansion into the Canadian market. It examines the relative international business issues centered on international financial organizations as they function within regional trading blocs. Additionally, the paper discusses the foreign exchange concerns that Riordan and other companies face across markets, regardless of currencies involved. Finally, it examines how to mitigate or manage this volatility in the foreign exchange markets.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Financial Organizations
Foreign Exchange Challenges
Exchange Risk Strategy
From the Paper
"International firms or firms with a great deal of foreign market activity must utilize hard and soft currency strategies in the form of foreign exchanges of currency as a way to reduce risk and Riordan is no exception. That is, there exist several forms of risk for which companies must hedge by utilizing the foreign currency exchanges in a strategic manner to reduce such risk. However, while risk reduction strategies do serve to mitigate risk they cannot fully remove risk from foreign exchange transactions which, due to geopolitical events and other market developments, are somewhat exposed volatility to one degree or another regardless of mitigation strategies deployed by a given firm."
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Labour Reproduction Force, 2008.
This paper looks at the changes in the Canadian population from a labour force reproduction perspective.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that a labour force reproduction (LFR) perspective allows insights into how populations reproduce themselves in the context of economic change, with fertility and immigration being contributory factors over time. As this essay argues, in discussing how the Canadian population is (re)produced from a LFR perspective, the use of this perspective allows us to understand critical issues of power and, in particular, who gains from such a reproduction process. In this analysis, one can see how a labour force reproduction perspective allows us to understand how fertility rates and immigration factor into postwar Canadian economic growth. The writer concludes that changes in the LFR model reflect broader economic changes under globalization that reveal how corporate interests profit significantly from this reproduction process.
From the Paper
"However, the LFR model extended far beyond the shop floor, and can be understood as part of a larger vision of social organization whereby the single-wage earning family was promoted as the primary model for both the reproduction of labour - in the form of children - as well as of consumption. Thus, industrialists such as Ford recognized that it was in the self-interests of industry that they create well-paying jobs, as these well-paid workers were also prosperous consumers of the products assembly line mass production was creating across North America. Thus, the Fordist LFR model can be seen as a cycle by which the industrial economy reproduces itself over time."
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China's Economic Policy, 2008.
This paper discusses China, poverty and developmental economics.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the global economic structure, otherwise referred to as globalism or globalization, has seen increased attention being paid to poverty levels in emerging and developing markets. The writer maintains that understanding poverty and how to alleviate it is a critical component of joining the rank of first world nations. The writer points out that while the list of countries that have encouraged foreign investment and trade is growing, the fact remains that few have experienced the type of economic success that China and India have experienced. The writer argues that the discussion of poverty and its alleviation, vis-a-vis China or indeed any other emerging market, is really a discussion of how these economic structures are re-characterized in respect to the global economy. The writer maintains that the intent is to assist these markets with their internal economic structures, without compromising national integrity, so as to result in a more universal elevation of quality of life standards across the spectrum of their societies.
Outline:
Overview
China & Poverty
Success Factors
The Global/Local Connection
From the Paper
"By utilizing more accurate measures for poverty, the result is a decidedly different number relative to ascertaining the number of individuals living below the poverty line. The typical measure utilized by most Western nations and international organizations is the $1 per day measure of income which is the point at which individuals can adequately provide for themselves and their families at sustenance level and by this measure, China's poverty level increases dramatically. However, in spite of this divergence over the effectiveness in determining poverty levels, there can be no argument that China has made progress in alleviating poverty through a series of economic and development policy issues that has seen average wage increases for many .. "
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Seigniorage, Inflation and Dollarization, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits of seigniorage, focusing on the country of Columbia and its inability to capitalize fully on the benefits of seigniorage.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly explains the concept of seigniorage and outlines the reasons why seigniorage is considered a valuable taxing tool by governments around the world. The paper focuses on Columbia and why Columbia is unable to capitalize fully on the benefits of seigniorage because of the U.S. dollar's impact on the economy in that country.
Table of Contents:
Seigniorage (And Inflation) Explained
Dollarization
Colombia and Seigniorage
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another reason these factors have negatively impacted upon Colombia's ability to profit from Seigniorage is that the peso has not always been the preferred currency among consumers. Because of the difficulties in the Colombian government and economy, and the fact that many U.S. dollars are available as alternate currency, many consumers have favored the dollar over the peso. This has resulted in people utilizing the dollar as a first alternative and the peso as a second in many cases. At a minimum, it has resulted in consumers using dollars as a parallel alternate, thereby "cutting the profits" that the government would make if the peso were the only currency. In effect the Colombian government has lost its monopoly in creating currency."
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Monetary Versus Fiscal Policies: Conflict or Cohesion, 2007.
An examination of the monetary and fiscal policies and their links to economic stabilization.
2,077 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that at root of an economy are factors of overall income versus consumption rates within the economy. The writer discusses the similarity in the objectives of the monetary and fiscal policies. In the conclusion the paper shows that while fiscal and monetary policy are designed to work in tandem they are often in a state of conflict, not because of systemic marginalities, but because of the political motivations of those controlling the government.
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is typically an area of responsibility that rests the central bank structure within the U.S. and is directed by the Federal Reserve Chairman. Fiscal policy is a responsibility that generally rests with the federal government. Monetary policy and fiscal policy both are concerned about short term economic performance but monetary policy is ideally designed to increase gross domestic product (GDP) and to control for inflationary pressures in the long-term. Conversely, fiscal policy is normally aligned with principles of short run economic growth while controlling long term economic expansion associated with overheated economic activities."
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The EU and NAFTA, 2008.
A comparison of the institutions and policies of the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the differences and similarities between the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Specifically, the paper explores the various institutions of each and notes how the EU has in place institutions which seek political and social integration (at least with regards to policy) in a way that NAFTA does not - and probably never will.
From the Paper
"Having mentioned at length the political integration of Europe, some time should be devoted to the legal integration of the continent (and Great Britain). For one thing, the European Court of Justice ensures that all laws promulgated by the council and parliament are interpreted and applied in the same fashion in all member states; at the same time, the Luxembourg Court also ensures that national courts do not give different rulings when confronted with the same legal matters and substantially the same laws - and it works tirelessly to compel EU institutions to follow the letter of the law, as well (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.4). For its part, the Court of Auditors supervises EU funds and checks to make sure that taxpayer money is not spent illegally or in a profligate manner; the court - also based in Luxembourg - has the right to audit any organization handling EU money (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.5)."
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Asian Financial Crisis 1997-1998, 2008.
An examination of the external factors in the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the significance of the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s and its repercussions. It explains how the financial crisis provided an important lesson to the Asian economies affected in terms of allowing any degree of dependence on foreign investment. The writer discusses how the crisis induced a 'New Asian Miracle' in different Asian economies.
Outline:
Introduction
The Attractiveness of Asia
Reactions to the Crisis
American Dimensions
Asian Perceptions
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Various domestic conditions have been connected to the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 but this paper centers on global forces that created unexpected change to induce the crisis at international as opposed to regional or national levels. Kawai Et Al stress that private capital flows to developing countries grew high in the 1990s so that a sudden drop in investment caused a 1994 crisis in Mexico and South America, then the East Asian crisis. (2005: 185) This World Bank-oriented article is typical of many that rather minimize the role of American patterns of investment that contributed directly to what Asian countries sustained in the 1990s. Throughout East and Southeast Asia governments noted fast falling markets and varied domestic responses as capital ceased to arrive as it had before from developed countries."
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Inflation, 2008.
An analysis of "Chairman Seeks Inflation Targets to Calm Markets" by Kevin Hall and "How Much is too Much? Fed Looks for its Comfort Zone in the Debate over Inflation" by Nell Henderson.
881 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes two economics-related articles from the mainstream United States media from September to November 2006 - "Chairman Seeks Inflation Targets to Calm Markets" by Kevin Hall and "How Much is too Much? Fed Looks for its Comfort Zone in the Debate over Inflation" by Nell Henderson. The paper analyzes the complex dilemmas facing policymakers and economists in dealing with economic issues, such as inflation.
From the Paper
"This view of problems with indices measuring inflation is not unique to the United States, for Canadian policymakers have grappled with similar problems in effectively obtaining measures of inflation according to the various indices - such as the Consumer Price Index - that are used in Canada (Mankiw and Scarth 2005). Given these problems with measuring the rate of inflation accurately, we can understand why some of the commentators in Hall's article express unease about fixing a target rate and imposing changes in monetary policy that may actually - if inadvertently - lead to disinflation."
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Decline of Britain, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of the relative British decline after 1870.
2,839 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in order to effectively analyze the relative British decline after 1870, it is necessary to examine nineteenth and twentieth century economic and political history and policies. This examination produces the evidence necessary to determine why and how Great Britain declined. The writer identifies the economic model involved and reveals the economic, political and social factors that combined to end Great Britain's long era of imperial dominance.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Specification of an Economic Model
Evidence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This decline was accelerated by the First World War, which strained the British economy to the breaking point, and intensified after the war when Great Britain and other Western capitalist nations experienced a severe global economic depression, which bankrupted treasuries and cost millions of people their jobs. In response, the people in these countries became isolationist and their governments proceeded to establish trade barriers to shut out the contagion of recession spreading around the world. But limiting trade only led to more impoverishment for the average person, more international turmoil, and another world war that cost fifty million lives."
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Canadian International Trade, 2008.
The paper explores Canadian attitudes towards international trade and discusses questions, which arise from their current trade situation.
3,475 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that Canada is renowned for its enthusiastic attitude towards international trade and its involvement in organizations, such as the WTO, NAFTA and other regional trading blocs. The paper then explains that this attitude has been tempered recently, however, due to concerns over the validity of such free trade agreements. The author points out that, even though existing free trade agreements are insufficient because of issues of environmental corruption, favor towards U.S. domestic policies and an openness to legislative misinterpretation, in the growing environment of globalization, it is apparent that, for Canada, international trade is here to stay. The paper states that it is undeniable that the U.S. is a powerful ally for Canada and that a positive relationship must be maintained despite political, social and economic problems.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Canadian Enthusiasm for International Trade
Free Trade Agreements Seem Confusing - What are they All About?
Legislation Concerns: Doesn't NAFTA Benefit the U.S. more than Canada?
Should Canada-U.S. Trade Relations even be Encouraged?
What about Environmental Issues?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, NAFTA was initially embraced by the Canadians for a number of reasons. It gave a more comprehensive definition of investment than the Canada-U.S. FTA. Unlike this former agreement, it also applied to sub-national governments and municipalities on top of national governments. It was also much clearer on issues such as establishing a mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes, outlining procedures and time frames for claims, the process of appointing tribunal members and the issuing and enforcing of awards."
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European Chauvinism, 2007.
This paper examines Stuart Hall's "The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power" where he presents arguments about the causes of European imperialism.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines and compares Stuart Hall's arguments with those of Bill Freund and of Reinhard Bendix. The paper explores how the authors analyze the factors which made colonialism and wide-spread exploitation on continental scales possible. The paper shows how Bill Freund and Reinhard Bendix emphasize the chauvinistic European mind-set that Hall delves into at length in his work. The paper concludes that Hall's contention about European chauvinism is starkly illustrated by the available evidence.
From the Paper
"Hall begins his discussion by noting that one of the chief reasons that the early western explorers traveled in the direction of the New World was because they were seeking to find and to secure the fantastic wealth of the East (185). In this regard, Hall is somewhat like Freund who, as we shall see, argues that the evils of western imperialism derive from its exploitative economic relationship to the more impoverished territories of the world. However, Hall deviates from Freund in the sense that he does not focus wholly (or largely) upon economic factors which contributed - or which might have contributed - to western relations with the rest of the world; rather, his focus is upon the socio-cultural and anthropological distinctiveness of the west from other societies. With this in mind, "western" countries may be defined as those lands that are "developed, industrialized, urbanized, capitalist, secular, and modern" (Hall, 186)."
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Community Economic Development, 2007.
An examination of impact models as educational devices in
community economic development initiatives.
1,388 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an empirical economic impact model based on market research at the community and municipality level. The writer discusses the belief that communities and municipalities require effective economic impact models in order to adequately build and estimate budgets as well as to plan for future development needs. The writer proposes a community based cooperative action program that emphasizes a three component economic analysis model.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Impact Model Applicability
Economic Impact Analysis
Economic Impact Component
Community Impact Component
Fiscal Impact Component
Three Phase Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The contemporary economic climate ensures that communities require ready and immediate access to information that allows them to respond more effectively to economic volatility. Community leaders as well as citizens within the community constantly are required to make decisions that impact various aspects of the community, such as business growth, dimensions of traditional industry activities, land use issues, and a host of other common community concerns (Gibbs 18). The growing observation is that all these issues and more also impact the overall economic indicators within communities as well which consist of employment/unemployment concerns, income issues such as poverty or affordable housing, or the demand for expanded public services. In researching these issues it becomes vital to identify the particular issue or problem which allows both the researcher and the community leader the ability to better address such issues specifically (Green, et al 6). Thus, developing effective economic models relies on cooperation between both researcher and, in effect, the researched."
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Poverty Reduction in China, 2008.
This paper discuses proposed policies for poverty reduction in China.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, although many economists point to China's rapidly growing economy and decreasing poverty rate, the figures on poverty in the country are still alarming, especially in the rural areas. The author points out that policy measures focusing on local poor regions should include promoting growth of resource improvement, rural education, labor issues and health, especially as sickness issues are one of the primary factors driving China's rural poverty. The paper relates that the bulk of poverty reduction techniques for China should involve taxation, international aid and the abolishment of the vast rural-urban segmentation characteristic of China, a situation that is being exacerbated by China's growing industrialization. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Poverty in China: Background
Poverty in China: Important Issues for Address
Policy Measures for Improving China's Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is an unarguable fact that China's poverty problem is primarily rural. China is generally being effective in reducing its absolute poverty; however, relative poverty appears to be increasing. China's spread of poverty is highly regional. ... China's widening economic disparity is generally thought to exist owing to reform and structural changes within the nation that shifted "central planning to markets and from agriculture to manufacturing and services, and opening up to international trade and knowledge transfer." The nation showcases a distinctive lack of rural job opportunities under a climate of increasing industrialization."
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