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Globalization, Europe and Great Britain, 2008.
A look at the impact of globalization on the welfare state in Europe and Great Britain.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that globalization has had some striking consequences for the people of Great Britain, for the people of Europe (principally Western Europe) and for the social policies geared towards assisting them. The paper suggests that globalization has been a negative force in the lives of working-class people and that, even if it has not quite led to the contraction of social welfare policies in Europe and in the UK, it has certainly served as the external impetus keeping governments from doing all they might on behalf of the less-fortunate. As a final point, the final part of this paper asserts that France has been relatively more resistant to the de-centralizing forces of globalization than either Britain and Germany, but there is simply no evidence that any of these three major countries have been able to escape the neo-liberal pressures of the global marketplace.
From the Paper
"At the same time as the United Kingdom finds itself burdened with a society that is more polarized than ever before, it must also be borne in mind that the state - courtesy globalization - is seen by many has having less control over internal matters than ever before. Furthermore, countries like Great Britain have been forced to acknowledge that the new logic of globalization splits apart the traditional coupling of economic growth with an increase in social standards; in other words, a country can grow more economically powerful without necessarily seeing the living standards of many of its working-class families increase (Mishra, 1998)."
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Money and Banking Concepts, 2008.
This paper explores interest rates, the economy and finance management.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the monetary and banking system with respect to several theories regarding interest rates. The paper looks at some guiding principles with respect to the economy and financial infrastructure. The paper also examines several risk structures and risk assessment models.
Outline:
Abstract
Loanable Funds Theory
Liquidity Preference Theory
Risk Structure of Interest Rates
Bank Management Principles
From the Paper
"Economics has long relied on the concept of supply and demand in the free market as one of the fields most basic tenets and this is just as true for monetary theory. In terms of interest rates and interest rate determination, the loanable funds theory of interest states that the interest rates in the market, all other things being equal, are determined through the supply of funds in that market as well as the availability of funds for lending (Walter, 2004, p.89). However, within this loanable funds theory of interest there are several related factors that affect the interest rate specifically which must be accounted for. On such basic economic premise is that the supply of loanable funds is controlled by the amount of savings in the market and the average increases in overall deposits which affect the amount of loanable funds."
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The Argentina Debt Crisis, 2008.
This paper explores the debt crisis in Argentina and its causes.
2,178 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the debt crisis in Argentina that helped plunge the nation into a financial crisis in 2001. The paper argues that much of the blame should be directed towards the Argentine governments' policies of the 1980s and early years of this decade. The paper also contends that the IMF (International Monetary Fund) should be criticized but stresses that both parties share the blame.
From the Paper
"The debt crisis which wracked many developing countries in the early 1980s (and thereafter) came about because of overly-extravagant domestic policies and exorbitant government spending - at least according to a United States Department of State dispatch from 1994. In any case, the developing nations - which obviously did not have huge tax bases or swollen coffers like their confreres in the developed west - were confronted with huge budget deficits and with overvalued exchange rates. According to the US State Department, the developing world (or at least many of its constituent nations) relied on short-term, variable rate loans to get them through the fiscal crises of the period - but those policies made them susceptible to the depredations brought about rising interest rates."
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Collaborative Job Outsourcing, 2008.
This paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of collaborative job outsourcing for developmental projects.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer analyzes a collaborative perspective on developmental projects that are normatively associated with outsourcing jobs. The writer notes that by understanding the positive aspects of corporate structural development through job outsourcing, one can realize the greater profits gained by having accesses to low wage job markets on the global scale. However, the writer points out that the lack of stability in third world countries that support these types of job markets are often problematic for American corporate expenses for these developmental operations. In essence, the writer maintains that by analyzing the overall scope of global issues with job outsourcing, developmental projects can be viewed through a positive and negative set of arguments detailing the complexity of collaborative job markets.
From the Paper
"In many ways, the American economy and the free trade aspects of job outsourcing play a large part in how large corporations can make a great deal of money on exportable jobs in the technology sectors. The differing aspects of the global market often produce lower wages, which American companies can utilize to their interest. While the job values for American citizens are much higher, which allows companies to seek these lower wages in third world counties or within the sector of the world where America has influence. In essence, these are the major aspects of the global market, which in turn, affect how job outsourcing has become a modern trend in gaining higher profits for companies that are seeking lower wage job markets overseas to counter the high cost of native worker jobs in America and Canada."
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Japanese Industrial Finance: An Article Review, 2008.
This paper reviews the article "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation" by Y. Miwa and M. Ramseyer.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Japan's economic development at the turn of the 19th century with respect to an article published by Miwa and Ramseyer entitled, "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation." The paper is of the opinion that the article is useful and largely successful at supporting the authors' points. The paper points out, however, that the article is prefaced with an over abundance of historical data that is, at best, only partially relevant from a historical perspective.
From the Paper
"This article discusses several issues relevant to the Japanese economic experience during the late 19th century as it relates to financial revolutions that anticipate rapid economic growth. The observation is made that Japan did experience such a financial upheaval but that it was not artificially inspired but rather the natural by-product of private investor demands for greater financial infrastructures. Additionally, the authors observe that while securities existed in tandem with traditional bank credit structures, trade credit was largely relied upon in order to raise capital for ongoing industrial expansion."
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Locke and Rousseau on Economic Inequality, 2008.
A comparison of John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two theoretical models regarding economic inequality. The first is presented by John Locke in his "Second Treatise of Government", which addresses the origins of economic inequality. The second, which is in sharp distinction to these views, is presented by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality". The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of both. It argues that, while both works are very similar in their imagined origins of economic inequality in the early history of property, they differ radically in how they represent property and the justifications for its differing accumulations that ultimately give rise to economic inequality. The paper concludes that Locke envisions property and moderate levels of economic inequality as a good thing, while Rousseau condemns this inequality as a corrupting influence upon human society in every respect.
From the Paper
"However, while there is a superficial similarity between how Locke and Rousseau each conceive of the state of nature, there is one important distinction between the two: property. While Locke conceives, as noted above, of an equality of property as existing in the state of nature, Rousseau contends that the innovation of property itself marked the ending of the state of nature and the beginning of human society.
"This is an important difference, and it goes to the heart of how each philosopher conceives of economic inequality. For example, it is clear from the outset of Rousseau's description of the state of nature and its defining characteristics that he sees property as not only a negative aspect of human society but as being fundamentally illegitimate as well."
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National Security Strategy, 2008.
An analysis of the US National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68).
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on analyzing a particular aspect of the National Security Strategy, that is, NSS-2002. It uses the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) as a reference point to understand the difference in the perceptions of threat facing the United States and the difference between the two policies. The connection between the two policies highlights some political, economic, and cultural realms that have been affected by the dimensions of the policy. Overall, it is clear that US foreign policy is reactive rather than preventative, since both NSS-2002 and NSC-68 were devised to counter, rather than to prohibit actions that were seen as harmful to the United States. The paper concludes that even domestic policies necessarily affect global economy, due to the integration of societies, thus careful consideration of foreign policy on use of power is imperative.
Outline:
Introduction
National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and NSC-68: A Critical Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What are the similarities and differences between the NSS-2002 and the NSC-68? There is the common misconception that the NSS-2002 is simple about combating terrorism. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlines, the NSS-2002 surpasses combating terrorism, but has an overarching aim of promoting free trade and combating all aspects of terrorism. It is necessary to distinguish between state-sponsored and non-state sponsored terrorism, so as to understand how the NSS-2002 integrates all aspects of threats irrespective or origin and devises mechanisms to combat these issues."
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Urban Economic Geography, 2008.
This paper explores neo-liberalism and its implications for the North American urban environment.
2,803 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes neo-liberalism within the context of urban economic geography, while simultaneously providing an analysis that shows its progress and impact within the North American region. The paper focuses on the economic implications of neo-liberalism and discusses how, since there are challenges to neo-liberalism, it is imperative that central themes related to the urban economic geography be analyzed. The paper includes color graphs, charts and diagrams.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Urban Economic Geography
Neo-liberalism and Urban Restructuring
Growth of Neo-liberalism in North America - Some Contradictions for Urban Economic Geography
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The paper will provide a unique outlook on geographic thought, since it will be done with the necessary analytical tools used in the social sciences. Urban economic geography is one of the few specializations that can simultaneously analyze a complex issue such as neo-liberalism and its economic and political implications in the domestic and international realm and aspects of urban geography. The analysis will provide some insight into the spatial geographic development within the US as the issue is examined within the urban context."
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An Article Critique: Trade and Labour Standards, 2008.
A critical review of the article "Trade and Labour Standards--Theory, New Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications" by Vivek Dehejia and Yiagadeesen Samy.
804 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Trade and Labour Standards--Theory, New Empirical Evidence, and Policy Implications" where the authors discuss labour standards in high standard and low standard countries, potential links between these labour standards and each market's comparative trade advantages and the relationship between labour standards in general and export markets. The paper shows how the authors are adept at proper research methodologies but maintains that they need to refine their topic and make the subject of the research somewhat more useful for the intended audience.
From the Paper
"Labour standards are an important issue within the context of trade negotiations and the policy formulation which accompanies them. The authors do an excellent job of making the relationship between these two concerns readily apparent to even the average reader that may not be intimately familiar with trade related information. The primary concern regarding labour standards in trade negotiations is how they impact a particular market's ability to leverage comparative trade advantages or in how to construct an equitable tariff structure: "Labour interests in high-standards countries argue that low labour standards are an unfair source of comparative advantage, and that increasing imports from low-standards countries will have an adverse impact on wages and working conditions"(Dehejia & Samy 3)."
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Canadian Unions and Globalization, 2008.
This paper explores whether Canadian unions can compete in the global market.
2,229 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the need for unions to operate on a global scale if they are to protect workers against global forces. The paper shows how Canadian unions are attempting to work at a domestic and international level. The paper argues, however, that Canadian unions still have a long way to go before they can successfully compete on a global scale.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, in the main the power of Canadian trade unions is being eroded by the forces of globalization. Therefore, Cohen (2000) has pointed out that there is a need for "new international institutions designed to challenge the power of corporations and facilitate transparent and democratic intervention in relation to international trade and investment" (MacBride and Wiseman, 2000, p. 6). Moreover, in the main attempts by the labour unions to fight back against globalized forces of capitalism have been ineffective of misguided. For example, Swenarchuk (2000) points out that the proposal sponsored by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) "to include labour 'side-agreements' in international trade and investment treaties" is an inadequate response to the complex problems of a diminishing labour rights in the globalized economy."
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Canadian Business and Labor History, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Auto Pact: Creating a Borderless North American Auto Industry" by Anastakis, Dimitry and looks at the history of Canadian business and labor.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article discusses that in the book "Auto Pact: Creating a Borderless North American Auto Industry" the author argues that the Automotive Products Trade Agreement (APTA, the "auto pact") signed between Canada and the United States in January, 1965 was really made possible not only by negotiations between the governments but, more importantly, by the intervention of the big three automotive companies, GM, Chrysler, and Ford. The writer maintains that what makes his main argument convincing is that he situates the context of the idea of APTA within the polar opposites that characterized that era in both countries: protectionism versus free trade, nationalism versus continentalism. The writer points out that Anastakis also cites the significant differences in the role of the State in industry between the United States and Canada.
From the Paper
"This is a good example where the author doesn't shy away from citing facts or events that are contrary to his thesis; in fact, this instance supports it because it reveals the lack of perception on the part of the Canadian government (at least) to consider the problem in a larger context with perhaps a different solution. Although government interference is countenanced in Canada (and currently welcomed by the resurgent auto industry), it is anathema in the United States. This was precisely the area in which the confrontation between the two nations would come, and it would be out of this impasse that the idea of APTA was born by a chance suggestion between adversaries."
"Another excellent feature of the author's argument is his ability to highlight the main issues within the details of chronicling the political and economic events."
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Economics and Border Security, 2008.
This paper explores border security and its economic and safety implications.
1,648 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how border security has been an issue for many countries for some time, from a security and economic perspective. The paper discusses the ramifications of border control for the country being invaded and for the country losing the people. The paper looks at the opening of borders to trade and the U.S., Canada and Mexico's NAFTA agreement that has become for many the symbol of globalization.
From the Paper
"The prevailing attitudes toward immigration and border security were seen as being in conflict with aspects of American economic policy in the era of increased globalization. Critics often see globalization as something that happens to other parts of the world while the governing elites in America benefit. Those who see America as harmed in any way usually do so in terms of American workers thrown out of work because of factories moving to Mexico or China. There are other ways in which Americans are affected by globalization, however, among them when "formerly tightly knit neighborhoods absorb new waves of immigration and the job market changes, to a certain degree prompted by plant closings in favor of cheap labor overseas" (Mittelman, 2002, p. 5)."
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The Asian Financial Crisis, 2008.
This paper analyzes the Asian financial crisis by comparing the economies of South Korea and Malaysia.
2,745 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because investors lost confidence, the Asian financial crisis was not just a domestic problem but rather spread to other parts of the, world especially Third World countries. The author posits that the recovery from the crisis was dependent on the macro economy prior to the crisis within each country. The paper relates that South Korea and Malaysia have different internal structures, were at different levels of development before the crisis and have different survival rates with very different 'after crisis' scenarios. The author points out that the crisis in Malaysia was more of a currency crisis, which had spillover effects within other sectors of the macro economy; however, South Korea faced more of a banking crisis. The paper discuses the role of the International Monetary Fund, the government's role in each region and the Asian Monetary Fund to present a policy outline for preventing future crises.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Historical Debate
Asian Financial Crisis: A Closer Look at South Korea and Malaysia
Role of the IMF
Figure 1: Malaysia's and South Korean Unemployment Worsened by IMF Policies
Asian Monetary Fund: Policies and Procedures for Future Crises.
Figure 2: Economic Growth, the Main Aim of the AMF: Implications for Asia
From the Paper
"There were a lot of issues that caused the financial crisis. Mainly, investors lost confidence in the Asian market and started to remove capital from South Korea and Malaysia. The onset of the loss of confidence by investors began when the economies, such as Mexico had crises that preceded the Asian crisis. Similarly, the United States was increasing interest rates during the period to lower inflation as part of its monetary policy. Investors prefer to invest in the United States versus Asia, since the former is considered less risky."
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Globalization: Its Effects Upon All of Us, 2008.
The paper looks at globalization and its overall impact upon human beings.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the arguments in favor of and against globalization. The paper shows that although globalization offers bright prospects for the future, its advantages depend on establishing effective regulatory apparatuses that protect the vulnerable. The paper concludes that until these protections are set up, globalization can only be considered a mixed blessing.
From the Paper
"Those who trumpet the salutary benefits of globalization often argue that the increased flow of goods, materials, capital and human resources across permeable national borders facilitates an increased information exchange and allows developing countries to access - far more easily than was once the case - the technological innovations and advanced business practices of the developed world. More than that, those who credit globalization for many things insist that the economic, social and intellectual phenomenon that has come to dwarf all others in the last-quarter of the twentieth century (and now in the first few years of the twenty-first) has permitted developing nations (predominantly in the global south) to develop late-industrial or even post-industrial economies of their own - something which, it is frequently argued, can only lead to greater prosperity for everyone. A good example in support of such a stance would be the development of extractive industries in African nations and/or the development of a thriving IT sector in a nation such as India as western countries flood Foreign Direct Investment and technological tools into that land."
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The Canadian Training System, 2008.
This paper discuses the Canadian training system, which is shaped by the human capital theory.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the human capital theory presents humans as a commodities that either attract or dissuade potential employers. The author points out that the success of the Canadian training system, whose goal is to prepare individuals for existing or future openings, depends on an accurate view of economic trends for various kinds of workers and skill sets. The paper states that the Canadian training system continues to refer to ideas of the 1970s or 1980s that becoming qualified in technical fields, presuming one's hard work and ability, will earn a secure job paying high wages and benefits; however, the Canadian training system is not geared to the problem of how to ensure labor flexibility and improved skills and education development of kinds suiting capital in the present labor market.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Adjustments to be Made
Planning a Future
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Canadians are given a myth of needing to prepare for the new economy; whereas, the new economy seems to need semi-skilled or non-specialist workers and when special skills are needed employers can seek cheap skilled labor supplies abroad, in the well established pattern of international outsourcing. Most jobs that are being created in Canada are low-wage and low-security positions with low-skilled labor most in demand. Of course, this is interesting to reflect upon given an ambitious industry on the part of training colleges, public and private, to suggest that success lies in undertaking new training of some recognized kind."
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Demand and Supply in Relation to Cigarette Smoking., 2008.
An economic analysis surrounding the issues of habitual smoking.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes issues connected to tobacco use in which the author has focused on microeconomic principles surrounding demand and supply. After analyzing the cigarette market and economic growth the paper creates a logical and coherent model that explores the issue of cigarette consumption. The author has included graphs and diagrams to support the discussion.
From the Paper
"The analysis below presents issue surrounding tobacco use. Everyday I see people smoking cigarettes, and sometimes wonder about using economic analysis to explain this habit. Some may argue that it's a social issue and as such its analysis should fall within the realm of other social sciences rather than economics. Nevertheless, after perusing the chapters of the text, I have been able to use the concept/tools from the economics text to analyze this issue. I have presented the findings below. The analysis focuses on microeconomic principles surrounding demand and supply, and focuses on smaller individual units, since tobacco use is best analyzed within that realm, rather than the broader aggregates that macroeconomics would explore (Miller 3).
"Economics refers to how best to use limited resources to satisfy unlimited once, and centers on the issue of scarcity. That is, because there are limited resources, individual have to make choices, by making choices, there are trade-offs, the cost of the next best alternative after a choice is made, is called the opportunity cost of that particular action (Miller 2)."
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Neural Networks, 2008.
This paper discuses the use of neural networks especially in the area of finance analysis.
3,015 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a computer science phenomenon called neural networks, similar to the part of the brain, consist of ways to connect information to produce output that is consistent with the processes. The author points out that recent interest in neural models stems primarily from its nonlinear models that can be trained to map past and future values of the input-output relationship, thus extracting relationships between the data that were not obvious using other analytical tools. The paper stresses that, unlike conventional computers, neural networks have the unique capability of learning. The author relates that the fact that neural networks are trained without the restriction of a model to derive parameters and discover relationships, driven and shaped solely by the nature of the data, has profound implications and applicability to the finance field. The paper includes equations.
Table of Contents:
What are Neural Networks?
Figure 1: Neural Networking and Similarities with the Workings of the Human Brain
The History of Neural Networks
Figure 2: Multilayered Neural Network Model adapted from Stergiou and Siganos
Why Use Neural Networks?
Neural Networks Versus Conventional Computers
Figure 2a: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
Neural Networks in Finance
Time Series Analysis
Figure 3: Stock Market Data from the New York Stock Exchange for Newmont Mining: Random Walk?
Stock Market Analysis
Capital Budgeting and Risk
Figure 4: General Modeling of Neural Networks for Financial Capital Markets (Inclusive of Capital Budgeting and Risk Analysis)
Financial Forecasting
The Future of Neural Networks: A Critical Review
From the Paper
"Capital budgeting is one of the most important functions of financial management. It encompasses a process of planning expenditures on assets whose cash flows are expected to extend beyond one year. A company with growth rates and profit margins such as that are dictated by capital expenditure and investment cannot afford to ignore the importance of capital budgeting. Erroneous forecasts of asset requirements can have serious consequences, Therefore there is always a need for complex and accurate models to dictate the relationship between variables."
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Globalization and Exploitation in the Name of Free Trade, 2008.
This paper presents the argument that globalization is exploitation in the
name of free trade.
3,072 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
By examining information pertaining to recent economic history and policies, this paper analyzes economic globalization and the dangers of exploitation it imposes . The paper illustrates how the increasing acceleration and intensity of economic globalization in recent years has already inflicted destructive economic, political, social and cultural consequences upon millions of people around the world. The paper argues that the ultimate result of globalization will be an entrenched global economy that further empowers and enriches the interconnected economic and political establishment in every country and further impoverishes the powerless and the poor.
From the Paper
"The ongoing pattern of economic globalization first emerged in the early 1970s, although its origins lie in the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 and the immediate post-World War II era. For more than two decades, roughly between 1945 and 1970, the combined effects of a global marketplace and the welfare state produced a golden economic era for people in almost every socioeconomic bracket in North America and Western Europe. (IMF)
"For awhile, income inequality declined and most people saw their standards of living improve as a consequence of economic growth, moderately progressive income taxes, and the expansion of income transfer programs. People living in the United States and Western Europe benefited the most from prevailing economic and trade policies, but even in the developing world, poverty and unemployment declined in the early years of globalization."
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The Shipping Repair Industry, 2008.
An overview of the shipping repair industry in America and how it deals with the opportunities and threats within the economy.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the shipping repair sector is affected by many macroeconomic variables, since it plays a vital role in transportation, which acts as a liaison for international trade and growth sectors. The paper looks at how changes in macroeconomic policies have a direct impact on the activities within the shipping sector and how the interconnectedness of this particular industry makes it important to the overall sustenance and development of the economy.
Outline:
Overview of the Shipping Repair Industry
Macroeconomic Variables that Affect the Shipping Repair Industry
From the Paper
"Ship repair activities make a substantial contribution to most economies that they are a part of. In fact, the United States (U.S.) ship repair sector in 2001 contributed to the economy by increasing U.S. output by $11 billion, creating over 147,000 jobs, increasing personal income by $9.4 billion, and increasing tax revenues by $3.4 million, (LECG, 2002, p.1). There are some key industry related activities that affect the ship repair industry. These variables in turn are connected to various macroeconomic variables, (Ocean Shipping Consultants, 2002, p.1). "
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