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Foreign Direct Investment and Government Policy, 2008.
This paper explores the nature of the control that the Chinese government has over its economy, specifically, over foreign direct investments.
3,104 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly considers the "strong" versus the "weak" state-centered approaches and describes the various institutional arrangements which China instituted for allocating foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at the evolution of China's regional development policy between the late 1970s and the present time. The paper then attempts to correlate the Chinese government's regional policy preferences to the allocation of FDI among the provinces. The paper concludes that the central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest.
Outline:
The State Centered Approaches
Strong and Weak Versions
China: A Weak State-Centered Economy
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
The Failure of Redirection of FDI in China
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Does a modern government have the power to direct foreign capital investments, such as foreign direct investment (FDI), to particular regions which the government wishes to see developed? To ask this question is to ask if the politics of economic development in a given country is or is not "state-centered." To say that a nation can impose a state-centered approach to issues of economic development is to say that the government can assert authority over both the population it governs and also over actions that take place within its territory. In the modern world, foreign capital investment in developing countries has raised a serious challenge to the assumption that states do control what goes on within their territory."
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Hospital Length of Stay, 2008.
An analysis of hospital operations relative to length of stay metrics.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper uses various economic tools to discuss hospital operations relative to length of stay metrics. The paper concludes that hospitals can increase operating profits and margins by reducing length of stay strategically as a method to funnel patients to higher margin outpatient and diagnostic services.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Analysis
Outcome
From the Paper
"Another economic model that can be applied to community hospital operations is a demand curve which reveals at what point LOS decrease is most effective relative of hospital services usage rates overall. This is an important metric in hospital operations because in order to achieve and sustain profitability a hospital must elevate its use of services across the board including outpatient care and general medical visitations as opposed to relying fully on occupied hospital beds. This graph indicates at which occupancy rates LOS can be maximized squared by the number of overall patient admittances over a 6 month period."
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Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), 2008.
This document discusses purchasing power parity (PPP) as it relates to exchange rates.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the example of the Starbucks Index to demonstrate PPP by taking the average price of a cup of Starbucks' coffee in U.S. dollars and factoring the cost in five separate markets. Additionally, the knowledge gained from this exercise as well as additional research and observation is used to make general observations regarding foreign exchange rates and their importance to internal economies as well as to international industry competitors that must repatriate funds.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology and Results
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another reason firms seek to expand PPP is because this makes those markets more attractive for FDI since this climate essentially aligns their markets more efficiently with internal production. The fact is that not all FDI is meant or intended to achieve gains in production efficiency or market access. Often, firms implement FDI project because they do already have an established market and wish to move their production and manufacturing facilities closer to that market irrespective of overall cost estimates. While the production costs may be more efficient, this is not necessarily the primary motivator."
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Failure as a Marketing Strategy, 2008.
A discussion of the value of work carried out by designers in today's economic system.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relative value of design and of designers within the current economic system. Author Nussbaum, author of "Are Designers the Enemy of Design?", is cited as arguing that designers are responsible for much of the world's excess waste and consumption because of a constant quest for product or service revision.
From the Paper
"Design is an innovative process that has quickened with the pace of technology. However, it is arguable if design has been responsible for the seemingly more rapid pace of consumerism over the past several decades as Nussbaum might suggest or if it is merely the vehicle for the competitive entities that must operate within a free market.
"Design and redesign of designs is now commonplace. Where once design configuration might have meant raw survival, it now only means seasonality as in fashion. Nussbaum hits near the mark when he says that design "with a capital D" has occupied itself almost solely with fashion, graphics, products, and similar transient objects which require constant revision in order to stay relevant (2007, para.7). What he seems to be implying is that designers have typically occupied themselves with subjects that have little meaning or any sort of real and lasting impact on society."
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Economic Development and Enterprise Zones, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose and implications of enterprise zones and minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise programs in North Carolina.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of economic development, particularly in the form of enterprise zones. The paper defines enterprise zones and discusses their purpose, and focuses on the strengthening of enterprise zones in the state of North Carolina. The paper also looks at the cost benefit analysis and the incentives for the government to set up th development programs in the form of minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise (MWDBE) programs. Finally, the paper looks at the ethical consequences associated with the programs.
Table of Contents:
Enterprise Zones
Enterprise Zone and Economic Development
Cost Benefit Analysis
Incentives
Ethical Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The city of Charlotte focuses consistently on the needs of the community and the ethical standards that are essential in evaluating programs and the populations that those programs affect ("City", 2006, p. 14). In some locations the economic development initiatives that have been attempted through the creation of enterprise zones have not been affective because of the government's willingness to bend rules regarding enterprise zone policies and support wealthy business owners. Yet, in North Carolina this issue was alleviated with the changes in the policies associated with enterprise zones in 1999. It is for this reason that it is evident that the inclusion of MWBDE businesses within enterprise zones in North Carolina would be handled with the utmost ethical considerations, leading to a successful partnership between enterprise zones and the disadvantaged businesses in the zone areas."
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"Freakonomics" by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner, 2008.
A review of the book "Freakonomics" by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner.
2,520 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the book "Freakonomics" by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner, which is not a conventional book on economics. The paper explains that "Freakonomics" does not have a unifying theme - no single idea that runs throughout the book, but if there is a unifying theme, it is that conventional wisdom is inadequate. The paper examines how Levitt and Dubner show that in many instances conventional wisdom is inadequate and that it does not explain what it purports to explain, or that it does so in ways that are simply wrong. The paper then looks at how Levitt and Dubner attack the subject of insider knowledge. The writer believes that while this book may not be dazzling, it is certainly thought-provoking and it is well worth the effort of a good read.
From the Paper
"Consider for example one of the chapters that will doubtlessly raise hackles in many circles: "Why Do Drug Dealers Still Live with Their Moms?" One of the first thinks that Levitt and Dubner establish in this chapter is that, yes, a remarkable number of drug dealers do live with their mothers, a statistic that is not regularly portrayed on television's many crime-busting series. (87-88) Why? The answer lies in the field in which Levitt is most schooled: economics. Drug dealers live at home for the same reason that low-budget college students live at home: because they cannot afford to live on their own. But how can this be, if they are indeed drug dealers?"
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Macroeconomic Trends in the US, 2008.
The paper examines aspects of the US economy, including the general trends of the goods market, money market and international market.
2,039 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the change in real GDP, drop in imports and increase in exports in the US economy. The paper looks at the government's budget for fiscal year 2008 and includes a projection/forecast for specific sectors, so that there can be a general understanding of the facets of the general equilibrium model and the expected future changes in the model. The paper discusses the current outlook for the US as one plagued with low growth levels and high inflation.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Output in the United States: A Short-Run Forecast
Understanding Inflation & Unemployment in the United States: A Short-Run Forecast
International Economics: The US Economy Trade Outlook
The IS/LM/BP Model: A Comprehensive Look at the Macro-economy of the United States
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 2.5 percent over the last quarter of 2006 and by 2.0 percent in the third quarter of 2006("GDP News Release" para 7). GDP is the measure total output in the society, with real GDP being the purchasing power of that output. An increase in real GDP therefore implies that there was economic growth. The increase was primarily driven by increases in consumption, government spending and a decrease in imports.
"When real GDP increases, the society is on a higher production possibility curve, and can produce more of all goods, which is where the concept of economic growth is highlighted."
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The Asian Financial Crisis, 2008.
This paper explores the causes of the Asian Financial crisis of 1997 and suggests preventative policies.
2,398 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and how its policies and oversights made problems worse in Southeast Asia and looks at Korea as an example. The paper looks briefly at the role of "crony capitalism" in Southeast Asia and focuses on Malaysia and Thailand in particular. The paper also examines structural factors, reviews the inherent irrationality of investors and explains the role of capital control regulations and premature liberalization in producing or deepening the crisis. The paper concludes that the IMF must allow developing nations to take matters into their own hands when looking at structural issues, while those countries must develop comprehensive oversight and "firewalls" that reduce cronyism and incompetence.
From the Paper
"The causes of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 are too numerous to be easily synthesized into one neat capsule. Nonetheless, looking at the matter from afar, it appears as though there was excessive foreign borrowing, far too much over-lending (although it is not clear if this over-lending was domestic, it may be inferred that too much bank capital went towards dubious, speculative ventures) and such an over-reliance upon foreign capital that, when the industrial sector began to slow down, the outflow of foreign capital was utterly debilitating."
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USA and China Hostilities, 2008.
This paper addresses the issues of America's trade imbalance with China and China's industrial spying.
1,396 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses America's trade imbalance with China that is fueled by China's failure to prevent copyright infringement and the sale of counterfeit goods as well as China's artificial currency devaluation. The paper also looks at the issue of Chinese spies stealing industrial secrets from American and European firms. The paper provides suggestions for improvement and argues that America needs to peacefully use their economic position to force China to compete fairly. The paper asserts that America should use legal, diplomatic and media pressure to force China to behave ethically.
From the Paper
"The United States and China have a long history of hostility and distrust. In recent years this hostility has centered on several economic issues. These include America's trade imbalance with China, a deficit fueled in part by a huge Chinese market in pirated American intellectual property and brand name knock-offs. Further, U.S. and European firms claim that Chinese industrial spies have stolen technology for products ranging from computer chips to cruise missiles."
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Qualitative Decision-Making, 2008.
An examination of qualitative decision-making at Eclipse Technologies Limited.
2,148 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many companies have now embraced a decision-making process that is not solely dependent on financial statistics, but will add more to the company than profits. The paper further explains that, although, quantitative factors will continue to be important, more companies are engaging in analyses that focus on human resources, economic factors that affect demand and supply, and quality measures. The paper then looks at how this approach applies to Eclipse Technologies.
Outline:
Incremental Cost Analysis
Non-Financial Factors for Eclipse Technologies
The Role of Technology at Eclipse Technologies Limited: A Qualitative Assessment
Demand and Supply Characteristics: Understanding the Market/Consumer Structure
Human Resource Model for Eclipse Technologies Limited
Why Focus on the Strategic Development of Employee Loyalty?
Total Quality Management
Conclusion: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Factors
From the Paper
"Technological advancements have allowed communication and information technology to cost less and be more efficient to market and produce goods. As such Eclipse Technologies should consider efficiencies related to technology, that are not related to the financial aspects, that is, there has to be an evaluation related to the supposed benefits of technology and how they impact operations based on the choices to expand the Nass operations or to establish a new operation in Lisbon."
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"Globalization: Wonder land or Waste Land?", 2008.
An analysis of Murray Weidenbaum's arguments regarding globalization in his T.S. Eliot Lecture, delivered at the University of London in January of 2002, entitled "Globalization: Wonder land or Waste Land?"
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques Murray Weidenbaum's T.S. Eliot Lecture, delivered at the University of London in January of 2002, entitled "Globalization: Wonder land or Waste Land?" The paper discusses Weidenbaum's arguments in favor of globalization and the benefits that can be achieved for the world as a whole, by utilizing it to its full potential.
From the Paper
"Given Weidenbaum's professional background and admitted bias, it is admirable that he manages to do precisely this - look at both the bright side and the dark side. His approach and suggestions are so realistic and pragmatic, and so unbiased, that it is hard to imagine that any but the most rabid fanatic on either side of the debate would not admit that he makes a valuable contribution with this speech. The strength of the speech derives from two aspects - the fact that he does manage to look at both sides, and that his suggestions have the refreshing ring of being attainable in the real world."
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Clinton and NAFTA, 2008.
Examines President Clinton's acceptance of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) through a discussion of Robert Putnam's two-level game theory.
1,946 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the link between international policy, especially international economic policy, and domestic issues. The writer notes that Robert Putnam has developed the view that a President negotiating an international economic agreement stands in two spheres. He deals in the international arena, and he deals in the domestic arena. The writer maintains that the negotiation and adoption of NAFTA fits the two-level paradigm that Putnam developed. Indeed, it shows that often American presidents can secure international agreements more easily than domestic compromise. In this case, Bill Clinton had to build a coalition to get NAFTA through. The writer concludes that negotiating the supplemental agreements proved easier than getting the enabling legislation through Congress.
From the Paper
"It was a difficult issue for Clinton, because labor opposed the pact vehemently, while business interests thought it was a major breakthrough.
"On September 8, Bush released the text of NAFTA, a 7-inch thick document. Trying to fend off Clinton, Bush criticized him as indecisive on the pact. Notably, Mr. Bush had early secured extraordinary legislative authority to negotiate NAFTA. The President would submit the Agreement, which had in effect been given prior approval by the Congress. The key vote would come later, when Congress would adopt or reject enabling legislation that would put the Agreement into effect. While the legislation could supplement NAFTA, it could not contradict it."
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Solving World Hunger, 2008.
This paper discusses solutions for eliminating hunger in third world
countries.
1,421 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that instituting democracy and establishing stable economies are necessary in order to resolve the chronic political and economic problems that cause hunger and poverty. The paper argues further that globalization undermines democratic institutions and, therefore, people should be aware of the dangers of globalization in order to avoid being exploited by the wealthy and the powerful.
From the Paper
"Comprehensive solutions to resolving world hunger have been elusive because of the multitude of economic and political factors which cause hunger and poverty. Some solutions have been offered based upon establishing the provision of foreign aid and the establishment of food security, but these measures cannot guarantee self-sufficiency, which is one of the fundamental prerequisites for maintaining a sufficient food supply in underdeveloped countries."
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The Rise of Inequality in China, 2008.
An analysis of the historic development and implications for China of its growing economic inequality.
3,702 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the issue of growing economic inequality in China. It discusses the issue in terms of its historic development and how it has shaped China today. It also describes its implications for China's future social and economic evolution and discusses the reason that this problem has been masked in the popular view of China today as an economic superpower.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Ideology of Equality in Communist China
China's Economic Reforms and Increasing Inequality
The Scale Inequality in Contemporary China
Inequality and Political and Migration Pressures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the increasing levels of inequality in China - not only in terms of rural vs. urban, but also inland vs. coastal - present a clear and present threat to the legitimacy of the Communist government given its ideological origins in socialist egalitarianism. While the economic development of China and its opening to world trade has brought great wealth and development to parts of the country, other parts have suffered even more so. The geographic localization of this problem in rural/inland areas, as well as the discontent of many migrant workers in the urban areas, represents a disturbing prospect for the future of not only stable economic development in China, but for the continued rule of the Communist party and political stability in China as a whole."
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The History of the Federal Reserve System, 2008.
An examination of how the history of the Federal Reserve System has paralleled the history of economics in the United States.
3,406 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the nature of the Federal Reserve System, the push towards centralized banking in the United States, the panic of 1907, the evolution of the Federal Reserve during the 20th century, and the future of the institution.The paper highlights the significant role that the Federal Reserve System has played in the history of the United States since its creation. The paper explains that the Federal Reserve System was the final and most successful attempt by the United States government to create a centralized banking system for the nation that could help stabilize the economy and centrally coordinate financial policy-making. The paper then points out that, though significant criticism has been leveled at the Federal Reserve, throughout its history, there are few indications that the Federal Reserve will be abolished in the near future. In conclusion, the paper shows that for the foreseeable future, the Federal Reserve System will be an undeniable feature of American political and economic life.
Outline:
Introduction
What Is the Federal Reserve System?
Early History of Banking the United States, 1791-1913
The Panic of 1907 and the Birth of the Federal Reserve
From 1913 to the Present: The Evolution of the Fed
Criticism and the Future of the Fed
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve System was first established in the wake of the Panic of 1907. Earlier attempts to create such a system of federal banks had failed, but the Panic provided the impetus by apparently highlighting the need for a system like the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Act (1913) called for a system of eight to twelve mostly autonomous regional reserve banks. These banks would be owned by commercial banking interests, but coordinated by a committee appointed by the President of the United States (Flaherty sec. 13). In this way, the Federal Reserve System was originally devised as a private banking system that could operate largely in the public interest."
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Domestic Labor in the Global Economy, 2008.
This paper looks at domestic labor in the global economy and discusses whether such women are really "servants of globalization".
1,721 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that labor migration vis-a-vis female domestic labor is the temporary movement of women, predominantly, but not exclusively, from the third world, to another global region wherein they work as servants so as to accumulate capital that they then can return to their families back home in the form of remittances. Besides being a highly gendered phenomenon, some have argued that the aforementioned labor migration renders these women little more than the contemporary "servants of globalization." The writer argues that this both is, and is not, the case. Specifically, the writer maintains that while these women certainly do serve the interests of others and certainly do find themselves performing menial tasks, they do not necessarily face the same burdens as "servants" from previous ages; that is to say, there are legal protections in place for all workers in developed lands and the increased scrutiny now surrounding the phenomenon of third-world labor migration makes it less likely for these women to be taken advantage of. The writer concludes that while it is largely true that domestic laborers are the "servants of (twenty-first century) globalization," one must be careful to avoid associating their plight with the truly harrowing plight of previous generations of servants.
From the Paper
"In addition, while the global economy may make it easier for affluent individuals in the developed world to find cheap domestic labor abroad, the highly-integrated global economy also allows domestic laborers alternatives that might not have been available even a generation ago. To wit, if a domestic worker or care-giver is unsatisfied with the state of things in one part of the world, she can utilize the internet, liberalized rules (in most countries) vis-a-vis work visas and citizenship application, and the assistance of mass communication technology that allows for expeditious communication between global networks of similarly-situated workers, to find a position more in keeping with her desires.
"The idea of globalization serving domestic laborers by bringing them into contact with other, similarly-situated individuals through mass communication (even as it also isolates them from loved ones) deserves some further illustration."
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Macroeconomics, 2008.
An analysis of convergence, focusing on the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the East Asian financial crisis.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses macroeconomic issues, such as the types of convergence that exists. It focuses its discussion on the Sub-Saharan Africa region and describes its structural difficulties in implementing economic reforms. Finally, the paper examines the issues surrounding the East Asian financial crisis (or IMF crisis) that occurred in 1997.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Convergence
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asian Financial Crisis
From the Paper
"South Korea, by this example, had average gross domestic product (GDP) rates of over 8% and this, combined with huge inflows of investment capital had given South Korea the veneer of an unassailable economic success (Chun & Kirkby, 2002, p.82). Yet, underlying the financial crisis among the affected countries were vast current account deficits that were simply not sustainable as well as a system of pegged exchange rates that encourage speculative behavior both internally and externally. In spite of the attention being paid to foreign speculators as well as to heavy borrowing by the countries themselves in order to support the system of pegged currencies, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame as well as ire due to its handling of the crisis."
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A Consumerist China, 2008.
This paper discusses consumerism vs. poverty in China's capitalist development.
2,684 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the works of Maurice Meisner and Minxin Pei concerning the high social, political and economic price of China's approach to development. The paper then explains the phenomenon of Chinese consumerism that exists while millions struggle to obtain basic subsistence. The paper portrays the disparity in the American-style high consuming class and the working or unemployed poor.
Outline:
Introduction
Consumerism - Chinese Style
Disparities and Frustrations
Time and Unfulfilled Promises
Consumerism and Culture
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Meisner noted a small percentage of urban population are members of the nouveaux riches that support "the world's most rapidly growing market in luxury goods." (1999 534) Otherwise there is much conspicuous lesser spending. A report for business people planning to do retail business in the PRC in 2005 with China's permission of foreign distributors with World Trade Organisation membership stated that the Chinese consumer still shops daily, likes processed and packaged foods, expects shopping to be an outdoor, urban activity and favours products to do with sport, leisure and general convenience. (Iyengar 2004) Car ownership is proportionately low and the distances great so that distributors have to work hard, if promoting a new product in China, to see that it reaches every targeted region. Mail order business is unknown and Internet shopping just beginning. The leisure culture taking form in the 1990s showed little sign of declining. Consumers were less automatically taken by foreign manufactures but wanted goods that made their lives more convenient. A Euromonitor International article referred to a positive attitude in the PCR towards owning one's housing, letting housing out to others, high demand for household durables and leisure goods that allowed for a busier lifestyle. (2006)"
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Inequality and Economic Growth, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between inequality and national economic growth.
2,761 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether inequality is necessary for economic growth to occur. It questions whether, in low development countries, economic growth is the result of equal distribution of income and if per capital income must reach a minimum level before income inequality decreases. The paper also looks at whether countries of unequal income distributions experience slower growth than more "equal" countries. Additionally, the paper discusses whether governments should be implementing policies of redistribution in order to aid the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Common Questions & Models
Global Data - Inequality Distribution Issues
Deinger and Squire: The Third and Arguably Most Important Question
Other Macroeconomic Research
A Microeconomic Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One would aim for the more optimistic view that equality and economic growth are compatible, because the current global state of regional poverty is a major problem, with no clear end in sight. This impresses an importance on determining a state whereby economic growth is possible alongside a simultaneous increase in the fortunes of the world's poor. However, researchers who have viewed the issue from afar tend to conclude that "the empirical evidence of the positive impact of greater equality on efficiency is still inconclusive" (Sharpe, 2003, p. 13). In other words, it may be naive to assume equality and economic growth is possible, particularly considering that much economic growth occurs in today's world based on the global phenomenon of inequality. However, researchers also conclude that "equally, there is little conclusive evidence of major negative effects on efficiency from equality" (ibid, p. 13), meaning that a relationship between economic growth and equality may be possible. It is up to further research to determine how this can be implemented in policy."
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