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Russia's Politics After 1917, 1994.
An examination of the evolution of government leadership, socialist ideology, economics, authoritarianism, patriotism, the Communist Party, conservatism, reform and the demise of Soviet Union, from Lenin to Gorbachev. Outline.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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"The Evolution of Soviet Politics
This paper will discuss the evolution of politics in the Soviet Union after the Revolution of 1917. The first part of the paper will examine the political situation under Lenin, including a discussion of the similarities in government between Imperial Russia under the Tsars and the Soviet Union under the Communists. The second part of the paper will discuss the changes in the political structure of the government under Joseph Stalin and how these changes transformed the nature of Soviet government during these years. The third part of the paper will look at how Stalin's successors repudiated his governmental structure and returned, in part, to the structure and policies of Lenin. The fourth part of the paper will examine how Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to reform Soviet political structure just before it collapsed."
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Disintegration of Nations, 1994.
An examination of the Economic problems, ethnic differences and nationalistic aspirations in the fall of the British Empire, Soviet Union and Yugoslavia and its application to the future of Canada, Brazil and India.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, $ 63.95
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" In the nineteenth century, the rise of nationalism contributed to the development of the nation-states that would continue into this century, and expansionist programs on the part of many of the stronger nations contributed to the creation of empires built around colonies in different parts of the world. The British Empire was probably the largest of these and included colonies all over the world. In the twentieth century, many of the existing empires and nation-states have undergone transformations as various pressures have caused them to disintegrate, to break up into discrete units around nationalistic, geographic, and ethnic differences. An examination of the decline and disintegration of the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia will serve to develop rules as to why countries decline, and these rules will then be..."
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"America, Russia and The Cold War, 1945-1992" by Walter Lafeber, 1994.
A critical analysis of the work on the causes, effects, evolution and demise of the conflict including economics, the military, detente, propaganda and the future.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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"This study will provide a critical analysis of Walter LaFeber's America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945-1992. The study will argue that LaFeber gives a portrait of the Cold War, its origins, development and demise, which is comprehensive, fair, and insightful.
LaFeber focuses on the role of the United States in the Cold War, but he cannot be said to be a biased reporter. He tries to discover the causes and effects of the Cold War from both sides, and he does this effectively, without blaming either side. He shows how the Cold War actually had its origins in the last century, when the United States and Russia met, one expanding westward and the other expanding eastward. Both sides in the Cold War had their own mixed motivations for their part in the conflict, which LaFeber sees as the result..."
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Mercenaries in Yugoslavia's Civil War, 1994.
An examination of the Russians and others fighting for money on both sides (Serbs and Muslims) of the war. Includes effects, motivations and numbers.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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"Mercenaries in the Former Yugoslavia
This paper will discuss the involvement of mercenaries, especially Russian mercenaries, in the civil war in the former territories of Yugoslavia. The first part of the paper will describe the experience of the mercenaries fighting on the side of the Bosnian Muslims. The second part of the paper will describe the experience of the Russian mercenaries fighting with the Bosnian Serbs.
Mercenaries are a feature in any civil war, where one or both sides are willing to pay for military service and are not particular about where all of their soldiers come from. Soldiers of fortune are particularly attracted to conflicts where strict military discipline is not an attribute of the armies involved. In these situations, they are not closely supervised and are allowed to..."
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Fascism and Ultranationalism In Croatia, Hungary and Serbia, 1994.
A look at the definitions, history and development, the rise and fall of communism, economics, leadership, patriotism, racism and the role of the state.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 34 sources, $ 135.95
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"Fascism and Ultranationalism in Contemporary Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia
Introduction
This research examines the development of fascism and ultranationalism in contemporary Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia. Fascism and ultranationalism are not one and the same thing. While a fascist likely will be an ultranationalist (and will certainly be nationalistic), an ultranationalist need not necessarily be a fascist. As these two terms are critical to this examination, they must be defined.
Ultranationalism
Ultranationalism implies not only an intensely patriotic attitude toward and a highly chauvinistic perception of one's own nation, but also implies a desire to exclude others from..."
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Romania, 1994.
The political and economic developments before and after the fall of communism. Includes reform, nationalism, alliances, production, labor, prices and leadership.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 21 sources, $ 79.95
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"Single Country Case Study: Romania
Introduction
This research examines the changing political and economic conditions within Romania. The period of interest is subsequent to the general socialist collapse in Eastern Europe that began in 1989.
Political Developments in Romania
It was the ascendancy of Mikhail Gorbachev to the Soviet leadership in 1985, however, that ushered in the most dramatic political and economic changes in Eastern Europe since the Russian Revolution in 1917. Gorbachev assumed office with an agenda calling for a liberalization of the Soviet political structure, a reform of the Soviet economic structure, and a policy of self-determination for the Soviet satellite nation states of which Romania was one..."
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East Germany & Bulgaria after Soviet Collapse, 1994.
Describes political & economic revolutions during & after 1989. Examined in terms of elections & democracy, privatization, transition to free-market economy, reform, leadership and German reunification.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, $ 87.95
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" The rise to power across Eastern Europe of a new revolutionary class of dissidents in 1989 and 1990--this time a class of anti-communist dissidents--has been one of the most dramatic changes in contemporary politics. Throughout Eastern Europe, thousands marched for freedom and bulldozers leveled statues of communist heroes, leaving Vladimer Lenin lying face down in the streets of a new era. Political parties headed by opponents of communist rule came to power through free elections in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia; the communist regime of the German Democratic Republic was ousted by anti-communist dissidents, preparing the way for unification with West Germany; and non-communist political parties appeared for the first time since the Second World War in Bulgaria and Romania.
Partly because of a desire for a peaceful transition and.."
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Religion in Austria, 1994.
Reviews the history & role of religion in Austria. Examines the rise of Catholicism from Charlemagne through contemporary times & discusses the changing role of the Catholic church in public affairs.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Religion in Austria
Introduction
Although most of the nations of Europe contain members of many different religions and sects, some of them are dominated by one sort of religious practice. In many instances, the religion of the country has been a central element in the development of that country, and in the unfolding of its history.
In the case of Austria, that has clearly been the situation. Austria is now, and was during the time of the Habsburgs, a Roman Catholic country. Roman Catholicism has influenced its development until the modern era, and even beyond.
The Early History
While Austria had an early history of exposure to Christianity.."
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The Collapse Of East European Regimes, 1994.
Evaluation of the problems involved in restructuring the economy in the former Soviet Union. Looks at the difficult balance between creating a market economy where none previously existed, and protecting the consumers.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 39.95
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"The collapse of East European regimes probably had less to do with political opposition from within or economic and military pressure from without than is commonly thought to be the case. When Gorbachev launched perestroika, he apparently made the decision to dismantle the Soviet empire in Eastern Europe, an empire which the Soviets could no longer afford or properly manage. Thus the 1989 demise of communism in Eastern Europe should probably be seen as less a political victory by the democratic opposition within Poland, East Germany, or Czechoslovakia but rather a defeat by default of these local ruling elites, set adrift by a Gorbachev bent on reforming a fast disintegrating Soviet economic system (Ash, 1990).
The nature of the economic crisis in Eastern Europe has to a large extent paralleled the economic crisis in the former Soviet.."
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Immigration in the European Community ( EC ), 1994.
Argues that countries across the EC have been becoming increasingly stringent in their immigration policies, yet need for people to migrate due to economic pressure is increasing. One of the few doors left open was to claim asylum.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 23.95
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"The institution of a common immigration policy is high on the list of stated goals for the European Community (EC). However, an implicit policy for asylum already seems to be in place. The drop in asylum applications for countries of the EC indicates that Europe is bound and determined to keep poor foreigners out in any way possible (The Economist, July 30, 1994). A big source of immigrant traffic has historically come from economic migrants; however, over the last five to six years, immigration controls have been tightening across many EC countries, which has made such migration increasingly difficult. One of the last routes open to economic migrants had been to seek entry by claiming they were in need of political asylum. The extent of false asylum claims, however, may be leading EC country.."
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The Fall of the Soviet Union, 1994.
Argues that while the Soviet economy was responsive to political direction, that direction & the model of development chosen were disasters.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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"Introduction
It has been repeatedly pointed out that much of the legitimacy that the Soviet regime enjoyed was connected with the modest growth in the standards of living that have been a feature of Soviet society, especially after World War II and during the early portion of the Brezhnev period. The insignificant cost of housing, food and other basic necessities--whenever available and whatever low quality--guaranteed full employment and some possibilities for social mobility. In this sense it can be argued that the Soviet economy was largely responsive to political direction in the Stalin and post-Stalin periods up to 1985. However on a deeper level the Soviet system was about to become undone because it was based on a developmental model that appears to have been outmoded (Colton, "What Ails the Soviet System, pp..."
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Collapse of Soviet Union, 1993.
Analyzes historical, economic & political roots & failure of Western observers to foresee the collapse.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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"The abrupt collapse of the Soviet Union at the beginning of the 1990s was possibly the least anticipated development of the twentieth century. Almost all writers on the future of the Soviet Union foresaw something quite different than what actually came to pass. Liberals had a vague hope that the system would liberalize into Western European-style social democracy. Conservatives had an equally vague hope that nationalism, religion, or the sheer inefficiency of state socialism, might eventually undermine the system and lead to a counter-revolution.
On both sides of the spectrum, however, these possibilities were, well into the 1980s, banished into an indefinite future (Urban, 1993, pp. xix-xx). Only one writer, the Soviet historian.."
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East & West Germany, 1993.
History & development of two Germanies leading to reunification in 1990. Looking at social, political, ideological and economic issues. Examining its ties to East & West, leadership and problems.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 16 sources, $ 127.95
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" When masses of East Germans peacefully swarmed over the Berlin Wall in the autumn of 1989 - ending almost 3 decades of forcible division of German from German - so began a human mix of euphoria, expectation, dislocation and turmoil that we call "life" and scholars are already terming "an epoch-making historical moment." The drama of release was caught on television; political experts and the media went from speculating idly about reunification of the German peoples in "a generation, or slightly less". - to enthusiastically gushing that the politics of the street had overtaken the diplomatic waltzes of the politicians.
By July of 1990 the two Germanies, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) of the eastern regions and the western Federal Republic of Germany, were united monetarily; in.."
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European Defense through 1990s, 1993.
Examined in terms of the effects of demise of Soviet Union, European Community, economics, German reunification, security & cooperation, future and the role of the U.S.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 111.95
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" The following is an assessment of the changed European defense environment, examining the changes that have been brought about, implications for existing defense relationships, the strategy for European defense through the 1990s, a forecasting of possible threats or changes still to come, and recommendations for future action.
THE CHANGED EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT
The dissolution of the Soviet Union and its satellite Eastern bloc offers a rare opportunity for curtailing certain defense policies and expenditures on the basis of there no longer being an immediate need. Much of our policy in Europe over the past four decades has been geared to staving off an implied Soviet threat both from the Soviet Union itself and from the satellite nations of Eastern Europe. The disintegration of the.."
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Investment in Russia in Early 1990s, 1993.
Advantages & disadvantages. Market research briefing treating Russia as a developing nation. Provides theories and models and looks at issues of privitization, best industries, joint ventures and strategic cycle.
7,650 words (approx. 30.6 pages), 86 sources, $ 135.95
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"STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLANNING FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS IN RUSSIA
This research explores the advantages and disadvantages of investment in Russia in the early-1990s through a review of the various aspects involved in the application of the principles of strategic business planning to the Russian economic environment. In the conduct of this exploration, market anomalies between Russia and developed western economies, investment opportunities in Russia, joint venture potentials, and the operation of free economic zones are considered.
Market Anomalies Between Russia and Developed Western Economies
The failure of the attempted coup de etat against the Gorbachev government in the Soviet Union in 1991 led directly to both the official disestablishment and the official disenfranchising of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.."
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Stalinist Russia, 1993.
An analysis of pro- and anti-Stalin historical interpretations and its effect on post-Stalin liberalization. Includes politics, World War II and economics.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 95.95
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"The Soviet Union as it existed until 1991 was essentially the legacy of Josef Stalin. More than Lenin--who died in 1924, only seven years after the Revolution, and who was in failing health for some time before that--it was Stalin who shaped the Soviet political and economic system. It was Stalin who shaped the image of Communism as a system based on labor-camps and mass terror. On the other side of the balance, it was also Stalin who forged the Soviet Union into a military and industrial superpower and who played perhaps the greatest single role in the defeat of Nazi Germany.
In the eyes of official Soviet propaganda, and of his apologists in Stalin's own day and to a degree for many years thereafter, Stalin was presented as a sort of demigod (see for..."
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The Romanian Revolution of 1989, 1993.
A look at the background, major events, leadership, the execution of Ceausescus, politics, secret police, the elections of 1990 and the media.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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"The Romanian Revolution of 1989
Of all the revolutions which swept through Eastern Europe between 1988 and 1992, the Romanian revolution of December, 1990 stands out for the violence which occurred, the animosity of the people towards the overthrown rulers, and the uncertainty concerning the actual extent of change which took place. The events which took place in Romania between December 22, 1989 and January 1, 1990 were coupled with a level of violence which was unmatched by any of the other East Bloc revolts or by the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the Winter of 1991/92. Not only did the active participants in the rebellion forcibly capture Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, after an attempted violent crackdown on the demonstrations, but the leaders of the rebellion also executed both after a questionable trial."
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"The Russian Revolution: 1917-1932" by Sheila Fitzpatrick, 1993.
An examination of the stages of the Revolution, including its causes, aims, the author's approach and the outcome and impact on society.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 63.95
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"Author Sheila Fitzpatrick examines in her book, The Russian Revolution: 1917-1932, the most basic aspects of the revolution--causes, the aims, social support, the impact on the Russian society, the political outcome, and the time span of the revolution itself. Her essential theme is that the Russian Revolution differed from other revolutions in that it peculiarly has been described by various historians as ending at different times. Fitzpatrick treats the February and October Revolutions of 1917, the Civil War, the interlude of the New Economic Policy and Stalin's initial Five Year plan as successive stages in the overall revolution (p. 3).
Fitzpatrick compares her view to that of Crane Brinton in Anatomy of Revolution, suggesting that revolutions have a form of their own, passing through the stages of enthusiasm for radical..."
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Breakup of the Soviet Union, 1993.
A look at the history, ideology, leadership, politics, economics, Gorbachev's reforms, republic's sovereignty and the failure of communism.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 16 sources, $ 87.95
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"The Breakup of the Soviet Union
This paper will discuss the dissolution of the Soviet Union, focusing particularly upon the nature of the communist government and the effects of Mikhail Gorbachev's economic, political, and social reforms in the 1980s.
The Soviet Union was established in 1917 as a result of revolutionary developments in Russia dating back to the 19th Century. At the beginning of the 20th Century, Russia was essentially a feudal society, lagging economically and politically behind the countries of western Europe. A few individuals had been inspired by the American and French revolutions in the 18th Century to attempt to change the autocratic government of the Tsar, but had little support within Russia (Gooding, 1992, 38-39). The movement towards a more..."
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