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Vocabulary Exercises and Word Retention, 2007. A critique on an article by K.S. Folse, called "The Effect of Type of Written Exercise on L2 Vocabulary Retention", which discusses word retention following vocabulary exercises. 801 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes and critiques an article written by K.S. Folse which examines the variable effects of three different vocabulary exercises on word retention, based on a sample of ESL students enrolled in intensive language programs at American universities. The paper concludes by explaining the limitations of the study.
From the Paper "Implications for classroom practice are extensive. Teachers who base their vocabulary exercises and assessment tools on original sentences, based on the assumption that original sentences will lead to retention, may need to rethink their approach to TESOL. Folse (2006) adds that creating original sentences place undue time and energy demands on the students, which may detract from their actual ability to retain the word. Teachers also have to spend more time on grading original sentences, and poor grammar may impact grades without reflecting whether or not the student actually understood the target word. Writing sample sentences with the target words, teachers can create more meaningful and effective exams that are also easier to grade."
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The Video Games Industry, 2007. This paper examines the video games industry and its impact on children today. 2,762 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 82.95 »
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Abstract The paper defines how video games encompass a multitude of computer made programs that result in a user-friendly game which can be run on several gadgets such as computers, iPods or mobile telephones. The paper relates that specialists foresee a dramatic increase in the role of video games, leading to many changes. The paper discusses the U.S. Government desire to control the distribution of violent games towards children. The paper also discusses the social consequences prone to affect the consumers of virtual realities which have been widely disputed ever since 1960. The paper discusses how the video game industry is unstable and investors have no certainty that their financial involvement in the process will lead to a successful outcome.
Outline:
Resource Availability
Technical Support
Government Actions
Socioeconomic Trends
Actual Statistics
Marketing the Video Games
From the Paper "The development resources refer to the personnel in charge of developing the computer programs at the basis on the games, in other words, the development resources are in fact human resources. These people are mostly certified programmers and are divided into six different categories according to their work domain as follows: game programmer, game designer, level designer, game producer, game artist and game tester."
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Media Violence and "The Color Purple", 2007. A look at the effect of violence through media with a focus on the depiction of family violence in the movie "The Color Purple". 1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how the movie "The Color Purple," is a prime example of the numerous facets of family violence. It discusses how the entire movie is a depiction of various levels and types of family violence together with spousal abuse, adultery, lies and deceptions. It discusses how movies continually influence one's life and how the whether the impact is positive or negative is determined by what we watch and what we perceive through viewing those movies. The paper also discusses how violence on television has continued to cause problems in common households, by giving young children ideas of how to attempt more perfect crimes, or crazy wacky stunts, abuse and neglect.
From the Paper "Javier, Herron & Primavera report on studies completed in their article that support the negative impact on behavior that television has had as well as how it continues to increase in severity. They report that the findings from the field and correlational studies provide a distinct and important perspective on the issue. According to these findings, aggressive content on television could have a paradoxical impact on the viewer depending upon his/her intrinsic characteristics. For instance, boys who watched only nonviolent television programs were generally more aggressive than those who watched violent television programs, although violent programs were more popular than the nonviolent programs. "
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Controversial Television Advertising, 2007. A look at the potential effect of blatant sexist advertising. 2,349 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 72.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how it is an undeniable fact that young children and adolescents and adults alike are being exposed today to what is known as blatant sexist advertising, in the form of the commercials that are aired on television and also through other media. It attempts to analyze the harm that such advertisements cause in the minds of these young children and how it impacts them in their behavioral patterns.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Today, it is an undeniable fact that advertising has increased in various forms, everywhere, and in direct proportion, controversial advertising has also increased, leading one to fear for the mental safety and health of the children of the nation, and others who can be easily influenced by external factors. Perhaps the reason for the increased advertising is that today, society has become more complex than it ever was, and has also, an increased awareness of the harmful effects of advertising certain products on general media, and also the need for advertisers to cut through the so called 'clutter' that other advertisers have created, in advertising their products."
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Video Games and Violence, 2007. This paper examines whether video games promote real-life violence. 938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract The paper explains that violence in entertainment and its effect on its audience is an issue that may never have a definitive answer. The paper discusses two articles, "Media Violence Research and Youth Violence Data: Why Do They Conflict?" by Cheryl K. Olsen and "Violent Video Games: The Newest Media Violence Hazard" by Douglas A. Gentile and Craig A. Anderson. The paper discusses their interesting and valid points on both sides of the topic. The paper relates that the ultimate responsibility lies in the hands of the parents when it comes to helping their children adjust to the societal pressures that childhood and adolescence provide. The paper discusses whether video games as part of training programs can be considered violent games. The paper demonstrates how this depends on the definition of violence which has not been explicitly identified.
From the Paper "Gentile and Anderson present a very interesting as well as convincing discussion of the reasons why violent video games could potentially be more harmful than violent television, however, it seems that the possibility of being able to use a violent video game as a healthy outlet for real-world frustrations and aggressions would make it difficult to accept this idea. Not only this, but because of the interactive nature of video games, it is possible that children can develop useful skills from playing the video games regardless of the violence level, whereas watching violent television is nothing more than quietly observing."
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Sweden's Media, 2007. This paper analyzes the media system and its function in Sweden. 1,554 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95 »
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Abstract This paper provides an overview of the history, geography, present form of government, type of economy and specific characteristics of the population of Sweden. The paper describes Sweden as an 1,000-year sovereign state in Europe that enjoys a high standard of living, employment and literacy today. The paper discusses Sweden's laws that ensure its media and all of its citizens enjoy the right to free speech. Unlike the media in other countries such as the United States where advertising supports the majority of programming, advertising is only allowed on one television station in Sweden today. The paper discusses how Sweden has managed to retain its national heritage as well as its own currency in the face of inexorable trends.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Brief History of Sweden
Present Form of Government
Population Characteristics
Geography of Sweden
Role of Swedish Media
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "Sweden enjoys a 1,000-year-long continuous history as a sovereign state; however, the country's territorial holdings continued to change frequently until 1809 (Weibull 1) The permanent capital of the country has been Stockholm since 1523 (Weibull 2). According to this author, "Historically Sweden rose from backwardness and poverty into a highly developed postindustrial society and advanced welfare state with a standard of living and life expectancy that rank among the highest in the world" (Weibull 2). Analysts from the U.S. government report that, "A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars" (Sweden 2)."
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Facilitating Group Interaction, 2007. This paper explores the role of teams and the function of conflict resolution. 1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract The paper explains that the primary function of a team, regardless of venue, is to strengthen goal oriented activities for the betterment of the group and organization. The paper discusses how teams, when functioning properly, bring to an organization collective expertise in problem solving situations. The paper points out, however, that in order to be effective teams and members must be aware of their own strengths and weaknesses as well as understand their own abilities in conflict resolution and decision-making. The paper provides a personal reflection on how this writer defines his/her decision-making skills and conflict resolution ability. The paper discusses how conflict management requires individual team members to have positive communication skills and know that without these skills, conflict will arise and greatly effect or sabotage the goal attainment process.
From the Paper "Once each team member has been able to identify their strengths and improve upon their identified weakness a critical evaluation of the team's group decision-making effectiveness can be garnered. To understand the decision-making issue with respect to the current team situation there must first be a brief presentation as to the decision-making model used and agreed upon by the team. All team members involved are knowledgeable change agents. As such, members are to list the problems they face and the options available when team decisions are to be made."
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Critical Thinking, 2007. A case study presenting a 9-step decision making process to solve problems in an organization. 1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95 »
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Abstract This paper presents a case study of a problem with expectations and lack of uniformity, communication and stringent guidelines for carrying out services within the framework of the organizational setting. The paper identifies and resolves the problem using the 9-step decision making process, combined with techniques including brainstorming to develop alternatives to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Criteria, Goals and Objectives
Problem and Effects
Effects of Problem
Causes of Problem
Appropriate Solutions and Impacts
Rationale for Solutions
Evaluate Decision/Implement Decision
From the Paper "Lastly the organization must overcome communication barriers. In this case lack of communication about hospital policies and procedures as well as individuals interpretations of the mission statement have resulted in diverse practices that resemble nothing more than a chaotic stampede. Top managers should consider breaking hospital staff members into small groups or teams, with each team appointed a communication's leader whose role includes dissemination information about organizational policies and procedures as well as goals, aims and objectives. Along these lines, members of each team can sit down and brainstorm salutations to problems that exist within these boundaries, like a step-by-step procedure for overcoming tension in situations where a staff members personal values do not agree with organizational policy or the wishes of patients in a given situation."
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Television Ratings, 2007. This paper examines current rating systems and looks at whether the
Q-Score reports accurately represent the American television viewing public. 4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 122.95 »
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Abstract This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper "If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
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A Study of "The Simpsons", 2007. This paper offers an ethnography research study of "The Simpsons," focusing on episode 1X05, "Bart the General." 1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95 »
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Abstract The paper relates that one of the longest running series in television history is the animated series, "The Simpsons." The paper reveals that there are some important cultural issues under consideration in virtually every episode. The paper provides an ethnographic analysis, including an analysis of the verbal and nonverbal communication styles used in a selected episode and the cultural artifacts that emerge in the process. The paper discusses what types of new knowledge can be inferred from this episode and describes the culture that is expressed in the viewer's interaction. The paper concludes that this series provides a wealth of insightful and timely information that can be used to develop an accurate analysis of what is really important to many Americans and what cultural implications are involved for certain types of behaviors.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "In this regard, Japp and Meister (2002) report that, "On April 19, 1987, America was introduced to the Simpsons, the title family of the first animated prime-time television series since the 1960s" (p. 63). Unlike the unrealistic versions of the American family portrayed in earlier series such as, "Ozzie and Harriet" and "Father Knows Best," "The Simpsons" captures the essence of family life for many Americans today. In fact, described by its creator and executive producer, Matt Groening, as "a celebration of the American family at its wildest" (Steiger, 1999, p. 1, cited in Japp & Meister, 2002, p. 63), "The Simpsons" provided American audiences with a critical view of mainstream social and cultural norms of the day."
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Nepal, 2007. An analysis of the culture and society in Nepal, using a communication perspective. 1,538 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95 »
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Abstract This paper looks into the culture and societies of the country of Nepal. It analyzes the country's cultural and social environment, attempting to lead to an understanding of its basic characteristics, such as geography, demographics and the socio-economic and political structures that it is comprised of. The paper focuses briefly on communication in Nepal and the Nepali language.
From the Paper "However, within the Nepalese culture, some groups are also trying to dismantle the discrimination that is the caste system. In a recent study by Liechty (2005), the majority middle class individuals in Nepalese society are gradually trying to re-identify themselves based on their role and productivity in the society, rather than being identified as a member of a particular class or caste. This protest supports the notion of low power distance, in which the only superiority-inferiority dichotomy exists between individuals who provide/produce or do not provide/produce significantly for the society. Thus, one's worth is assessed based on his/her use to the society, not on the tradition of the caste system (i.e., those who were born Brahmin should remain Brahmin despite his/her insignificant contribution to the improvement of Nepalese society)."
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Public Relations, 2007. This paper offers an analysis of public relation skills in the public and non-profit sector. 2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95 »
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Abstract The paper explains that one of the primary functions PR serves in the public and non profit sector includes disseminating information to the public. The paper relates that when accomplished effectively, PR managers can help boost the reputation and stability of an organization within the community. When addressed or approached inefficiently, however, a PR campaign may result in disaster. The paper explores how and why public relations skills are important to managers in the public and non-profit sector. The paper includes examples of good and bad practice of public relations skills, with particular emphasis on the UK. The paper concludes that without strong PR skills, government and non profit agencies will lack the support and understanding they need from the community to carry out important operations.
Outline:
Public Relations Skills in the Public and Non-Profit
Overview of Public Relations
Non Profit Public Relations
Public Relations
Public Sector
Case Studies
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Communication is perhaps one of the most essential skills a PR manager possess (Bruning & Ledingham, 2000). Through communication a PR manager learns to create messages that will entice and attract the target audience. Through communication efforts the PR manager sends ideas and pitches to the public or the target audience to entice them to take an active interest in the organization or cause the PR official represents. It is important that the PR manner use communication as a tool for building relationships with the public and between the public and the organization the PR manager represents."
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Instantaneous Anonymity, 2006. A discussion regarding how e-mail and instant messaging affect our lives and society. 2,494 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 75.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at the wonders of modern technology, focusing primarily on e-mail and IM, discussing the impact it has had on our lives. According to the paper, e-mail and IM not only draws us closer together, but also erects strange new barriers between us. This technology possesses the potential to isolate each of us within our own cocoons of created personality. The paper further discusses how the anonymity of those using these technologies also paves the way for potential abuse.
From the Paper "Groups bent on bigotry and social disruption can spread their messages quite easily in cyberspace. E-mail can be used to provide children, teens, and adults with false information; information that these individuals may not realize is inaccurate, or wholly incorrect; designed only to insight. The anonymity of the Net makes it is a simple matter for the organizations that disseminate these messages to keep their true identities and bases of operation secret. In addition, the fact that their communications are "one-on-one" - direct from themselves to their audience - abrogates the possibility of moderating influences in the form of other, more knowledgeable, individuals. Again, teenagers are especially open to this kind of manipulation. Criminals may attempt to recruit them into gangs, sending out IM's or e-mails that glorify their activities, or message. Parents may be unaware of cyber conversations being carried on by their children. Sometimes, e-mail and IM users are coerced by the very information they send and receive online. "
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Human Language, 2007. This paper discusses theories relating to human language. 2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 77.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, despite the ubiquity of human linguistic ability, pinning down exactly how language helps people and how people use it is not at all a straightforward task. The author points out that Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky examined how children acquire language and the relationship of thinking and language learning. The paper relates that the comparisons of bilingual and monolingual children, as well as comparisons of bilingual children of varying levels of development, indicate that bilingualism can lead to superior performance on a variety of intellectual skills.
From the Paper "It is clear that normal children acquire a language that reflects their particular linguistic environment. A child brought up in Japan acquires a version of Japanese. The same child brought up in Brazil acquires a version of Portuguese. So, these languages must in some sense reflect some of the same underlying innate principles. Languages are basically the same in structure, up to certain parameters, for example, whether the head of a phrase goes at the beginning of a phrase or at the end. Children do not have to learn the basic principles; they only need to set the parameters."
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Media Impact on American Consciousness, 2006. An analysis of the impact of the media on American public consciousness. 14,447 words (approx. 57.8 pages), 37 sources, MLA, $ 249.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes an in-depth look at who and what manipulates the American media, and why. The paper discusses the impact this media has on the American public and their consciousness, and how it ultimately effects their lives and society as a whole. The paper also studies various writings related to this topic.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Further, the majority of the power to define reality, in this view of the news process, resides at the point of the reporter-source contact. By the time the story makes its way to the editor, the most important gatekeeping decisions have already been made. The factors that serve to constrain or, conversely, facilitate reporter interaction with some sources and events and not others are important for understanding news content (Rotberg & Weiss, 1966). In this environment, gatekeepers have played an increasingly important role in the West. "Due to widespread uncertainty over the precise ingredients of a best-seller formula," write Rossman and Suman, "administrators are forced to trust the professional judgment of their employees. Close supervision in the production sector is impeded by ignorance of relations between cause and effect" (2000, p. 72).
The concept of "agenda setting" took its name from the concept that the mass media have the ability to transfer the importance and relevance of items on their news agendas to the public agenda (Bryant & Zillman, 1994). The concept was originally investigated in the traditional context of mass communication and voter behavior; however, it is being increasingly applied to other social and political events as well. For instance, "Through their routine structuring of social and political reality, the news media influence the agenda of public issues around which political campaigns and voter decisions are organized" (Bryant & Zillman, 1994 p. 4). This impact is felt every day as journalists throughout the world deal with the news in several important ways, which are discussed further below."
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Media Effects and Body Image, 2006. A review of the effect that media images have on a women's perspective of body image. 1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how images presented in the media provide unrealistic expectations of women. The paper further discusses how young women continue to rely on the media for advice and direction regarding their own sense of self-worth and beauty.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
Feminist Theory
Theme History
Conclusion
From the Paper "Part of the media's power lies in its ability to influence self-perceptions of physical attractiveness particularly among women. Women are consistently bombarded with images considered "beautiful" by media standards. This may include images that in real life may be underweight or malnourished. What many women fail to consider when reviewing images portrayed by the media is that most of the women presented have been plucked, puckered, air brushed and more to appear more "perfect." On reviewing these women in real life many women would find they actually look no different than many of the women presented on television, except perhaps they may be at a healthier weight.
Women's attitudes toward their body and self-esteem are also influenced by their culture. The more value their culture has on meeting the standards established by the media, the more likely a young women is to succumb to false images of what is or is not considered beautiful in the eyes of the media."
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Islam and the Media, 2006. A review of three Islamic websites. 1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95 »
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Abstract This paper reviews and discusses three websites in an attempt to understands how the media portrays Islam. The purpose of the paper is to help the world understand that the idea that Islam is a religion of terrorists, is a baseless accusation. According to the paper, only 2% of Muslims support terrorism.
From the Paper "Some other features such as Hawza which refers to Advanced learning are also available for those who wish to continue learning about Islam on a higher level. Since our main topic was media's handling of Islam, I browsed the library to find out if they had material concerning this important issue. Surprisingly my search generated a lot of haphazard results. I couldn't understand how I was supposed to look for this important topic if it doesn't appear in my search. I was seriously disappointed because a site that claim to contain information on Islam and boasts a large collection of articles and books should have had some articles dealing with this burning issue. Even the term terrorism which is closely aligned to what I needed to know about media and Islam, produced only three results- two of which were not even related to terrorism. Quick links also pointed to some very basic information about Islam and its two sects. "
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Causes of Eating Disorders, 2007. This paper explores the relationship between the mass media and eating disorders. 1,824 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 58.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines the direct and indirect causes of eating disorders, with particular emphasis on the relationship between the mass media and eating disorders. The researcher hypothesizes that the mass media has a direct effect on eating disorders, contributing to more frequent and severe eating disorders among all age groups, populations' subtypes and genders. The paper explores the issue and concludes that people are increasingly internalizing images presented in the media. The paper contends that the media should be held directly accountable for increases in eating disordered behavior among all populations.
Outline:
Overview Eating Disorders
Psychopathology of Eating Disorders
Media's Influence on Eating Disorders
Social Agents Responsible for Eating Disorders
Summary of Research on Eating Disorders
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper "Eating disorders generally refer to a range of disordered patterns associated with eating. Eating disorders generally encompass a wide range of activities and diseases including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and obesity (Levine, Smolak & Striegel-Moore, 1996). Theorists and psychologists have long researched the subject of eating disorders in an attempt to discern the direct and indirect causes of eating disorders among all populations, including children, adolescents, teens and adults."
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Teaching English as a Second Language, 2007. This paper discusses the best way to impart a second language through a content-based and communicative immersion approach. 1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95 »
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Abstract In this article the writer discusses that unlike teaching a student how to diagram a cell in biology class or how to deconstruct a poem in English class, the aim of foreign language education is not simply to teach students how to learn, but to impart a functional skill. This is especially true in English as a Second Language (ESL) education, where the students are acquiring a language that may become their primary language in their education or in their workplace. The writer points out that it is critical that students acquire language vocabulary that is likely to be useful for them in their daily lives, and that the students are quickly immersed in the language in a way that replicates their exposure to the language in daily life. In this paper, the writer looks at the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach, which stresses the fact that students learn to communicate through the action of communicating without merely learning about communicating in that language.
From the Paper "Unlike a purely structuralist approach to teaching language that stresses learning foreign grammar structures in isolated and often unnatural ways, the technique of language content-based immersion exposes students to a new language in a holistic fashion. Even a successful structuralist method, such as the audiolingual method, in which the foreign language lessons are arranged on grammatical principles but in which the students are not responsible for any metalanguage tends to isolate grammatical principles from one another in a way that is not commensurate with how students are exposed to language in the lived environment outside of the classroom, and also tends to isolate acquiring vocabulary through intuition from correct grammatical usage. In contrast, communicative orientation in language teaching, with a student-focused perspective, is more evident in a content-based immersion approach. Such an approach encourages students use new expressions to impart their desired meaning in a way that enables them to truly communicate what they want to say in a given situation, rather than replicate the language patterns of a teacher by rote. A communication-focused approach also breaks down possible inhibitions about using the second language and making mistakes, as sometimes the English language is not even the main focus of the classroom, merely communicating something interesting about another subject."
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