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The Hockey Lock-out, 2008.
This paper discusses the reasons for the bitter divide between the National Hockey Players' Association and the National Hockey League in 2004 and 2005.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the break-down of trust between the National Hockey Players' Association and the league in 2004 and 2005. The paper argues that the unfortunate labor relations which characterized the situation were largely because both sides allowed personal considerations, past wrongs and egos to get in the way of a dispassionate treatment of the matters at hand. The paper discusses how although the issues themselves were complicated and defied easy resolution, the stubbornness of both parties made the problem worse than it needed to be.
From the Paper
"The 2004-05 National Hockey League lock-out caused great consternation among hockey fans while simultaneously bringing into sharp relief the tensions between professional hockey players and hockey management. For example, neither side was prepared to make any concessions to the other (the players certainly were not) and thus a host of issues - minimum salaries, playoff bonuses, operation of the arbitration process, revenue sharing (something the owners were less-than-enthusiastic about), higher player fines for misbehavior, and the number of games on the regular-season schedule - were left "on the table" at a time when they should have really, conclusively, been dealt with (Staudohar, 23-29). As a long-time hockey observer, this writer is left to wonder whether or not the intransigence of the players was rooted in a deep-seated suspicion of hockey management because of the decades-long mistreatment of players by the ownership of the league."
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Heloise and Abelard, 2008.
An analysis of the correspondence of Heloise and Abelard, as seen in "The Letters of Heloise and Abelard" by Betty Radice.
776 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes "The Letters of Heloise and Abelard" by Betty Radice. It looks at the wide range of issues that the correspondence of Heloise and Abelard touch on, such as love and marriage, monasticism, scholarship and the consequences of family feuds. The paper also looks briefly at the characteristics of each lover as can be seen through their writing.
From the Paper
"The second letter, in which Heloise writes to Abelard asking why he has not written to her in ten years, is especially interesting in that it reveals that Heloise had little choice but to enter a convent in obedience to Abelard. (Radice 53) His advice to her about running the convent reflected the prevailing consensus that shipping women off to a convent if they got into any sort of trouble was the best way to deal with scandals, for it was commonly believed that life in a convent would eliminate the temptation to sin, instill piety and provide a religious environment conducive to repentance."
"Monasteries served the same purpose for men, and Abelard entered one for the same reasons he advised Heloise to enter a convent. But entering a monastery was voluntary for men and was not a coercive sanction imposed by society on men for sexual indiscretions. A pervasive double standard existed in medieval times, for men were not held by society to the same sexual standards as women. This double standard even extended to the clergy, who were not officially permitted to marry and were expected to be celibate. But many members of the clergy married anyway, and had mistresses, without suffering any consequences in the form of social ostracism or punitive action from the Vatican."
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Caribbean Culture and Cultural Imperialism, 2007.
A discussion on whether the Caribbean society is too receptive and diverse for its own good.
1,633 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Caribbean culture and at how its dynamic polyglot, diverse nature - and its ability, and even willingness, to accommodate different cultures and ethno-social traditions - has actually made it vulnerable on a number of profound levels. It explains that the Caribbean nations have shown a marked inability to throw off the cultural, linguistic and educational encrustations of the European nations which took over the region generations ago and which re-shaped their new fiefdoms in ways that effectively did away with pre-European values, codes, religions and dialects. The paper also looks at how many Caribbean young people attend English or French schools and prepare themselves for entry into a "global village" that is controlled by the very ethno-racial groups which turned their own lands "upside-down" in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. In essence, the paper shows that by looking at the fragmented nature of the Caribbean world and by looking at the impress of foreign language upon its peoples and formal structures, a region is revealed that has lost much of its ability to marshal its forces against external imperialistic forces. The writer believes that the Caribbean must start doing a better job of privileging its indigenous traditions and dialects or it will finally, ineradicably, lose them forever.
From the Paper
"Many observers are of the view that the Caribbean is a melting pot; that it is a place wherein European and non-European types "creolize" and thereby shed their different historical-national identities in favor of one that is "West Indian" in nature. This argument, however, has been vigorously challenged by others who assert that the Caribbean is really a collection of different regions which have their own unique, distinctive features. Simply put, while there may be regional similarities vis-a-vis food, music, dance, dress and a host of other elements, there are many more (or at least as many more) differences as there are similarities (Allahar, p.1-2). Simply put, Allahar appears to be to arguing two things: firstly, West Indian/Caribbean is diverse; secondly, despite this diversity, the region has certain societal features that distinguish it from other regions and which bind together its disparate elements."
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Aristotle and Friendships, 2008.
This paper analyzes the highest level of friendship that induces Aristotle's idea of friendship as a virtue in Nichomachean Ethics.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the three different tiers of friendship in Aristotle's philosophy: friendships of utility, pleasure and of the good. The paper discusses Aristotle's argument that a friendship "of the good" provides a foundation for eudemonia (the happiest life). The paper explains how this level of friendship strives to discover the greatest good or happiness between friends, rather than seeking immediate gratification through superficial relationships.
From the Paper
"For Aristotle, the greatest good of life comes from having a friendship that can be purified from immoral or materialistic causation. The importance of friends is one of the major virtues of life that must be taken into account when living for eudemonia or for the greater good of life in Book VIII:
"After what we have said, a discussion of friendship would naturally follow, since it is a virtue or implies virtue, and is besides most necessary with a view to living. For without friends no one would choose to live (Aristotle para.1)"
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The Media in a Democratic Society, 2008.
A review of how the media operates in Canada, Mexico and the USA.
2,734 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the way the media operates in the states of Canada, Mexico and the United States, highlighting the problematic issues in each country. The author looks at media bias, issues of balance and equality and Government control and concludes that fairly dramatic steps need to be taken in all three countries.
From the Paper
"The background of the media in all three lands is quite intriguing. Beginning first with Canada, it is clear that the Canadian media has sometimes (perhaps even often) been negligent in its treatment of minorities and of minority views - a state of affairs which calls into question its ability to serve as an accurate "watch-dog" of Canadian politics. For instance, Gidengil and Everitt have found that political utterances by female political leaders have been (at least in recent elections when female political leaders actually began to emerge in Canada) subjected to greater "interpretation" by the media and described in much more "negative and aggressive language" than the language used to describe the campaign-trail utterances of male counterparts. The intimation here is fairly clear: women leaders are generally the victims of a "gendered mediation" (certainly in television news coverage) that diminishes their standing and credibility ("Talking Tough," 209-220; for further evidence of gender bias, please see Gidengil & Everitt, "Conventional Coverage/Unconventional Politicians," 559-577). Suffice it to say, if this sort of mediation is unfolding in Canada, then the media can reasonably be expected to seize upon the failings of parties or governments run by women while simultaneously paying less heed to the failings/shortcomings of parties dominated by men."
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Bush's Power and Non-Binding Resolutions, 2008.
A passionate discussion regarding non-binding resolution issues in light of the troop surge in Iraq.
3,143 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper asserts that representative democracy in the United States has been seriously undermined by a President who violates the Constitution and federal laws whenever he feels like it. The paper discusses the non-binding resolution against the troop surge passed by the House of Representatives that had no chance of preventing the surge. The paper argues that unless the current president is impeached and removed from office by the Senate, no other resolution or bill passed by Congress will prevent him from implementing any policy he chooses.
From the Paper
"The non-binding resolution passed by the House on February 16 did not prevent the troop surge, and if the past seven years are any indication, no other resolution or bill passed by Congress will prevent the current president from implementing any policy he chooses, for he has and will continue to invoke what he calls "unitary executive" powers in order to authorize and justify his actions. At some point, Democrats in Congress may finally figure out that Impeaching this president is the only way to restore responsibility to the White House, will do so, and will call upon the Senate to convict him for multiple Impeachable offenses."
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Inter-Cultural Harmony, 2008.
This paper discusses that no matter how enlightened the participants, inter-cultural harmony will always be hampered by differences in background and perspective.
1,253 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that inter-cultural or cross-cultural harmony will always be hampered by differences in background and perspective simply because human beings' (and how they react to the gestures and communicative strategies of others) are the most volatile and unpredictable variable of all when it comes to assessing the possible problems and rewards of a communication exchange. With that in mind, the paper explores why cross-cultural communication is so difficult. The paper also looks at some arguments which insist that inter-cultural exchanges can be harmonious and "worry-free" if enough training and education is provided. Finally, the writer concludes by reiterating why there will always be certain difficulties in cross-cultural communication and the paper finishes by suggesting that such tensions are just a "part of life" and must be accommodated to the fullest extent possible.
From the Paper
""Following this premise to its logical conclusion, it is clear that biological determinism, ecological factors, and simple evolution really are insufficient to wholly explain the nuances of each society - or at least to the satisfaction of a trained social scientist. Going further, each and every human being is a remarkably complex creature that will respond differently to essentially the same stimuli; consequently, it is impossible to avoid cross-cultural miscommunication because comments or gestures that someone else from the same culture finds tolerable might spark a highly unpleasant response from someone else who is also from that culture. In the end, the variables which constrain smooth cross-cultural communication are at least as numerable as there are people in the world.
"Still, some experts believe that cross-cultural communication does not have to be hampered by differences in background or by differences in perspective."
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TV Audiences and Media Theory, 2008.
This paper provides a case study of a television audience at Bloor & Lansdowne, Toronto.
3,516 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the study of the mass media and notably television continues to involve a great deal of theory-building. The writer remarks that as Ien Ang points out, much that is theorized or assumed features a large cultural and conceptual gap between television audiences and observing scholars or others to analyze them. The writer maintains that one also needs to bear in mind the care that should be taken to examine particular phenomena, ensuring that one's assumptions are not wholly shaped by theory. The writer further reveals that Ulf Hannerz pointed out how the day of globalization has prompted approaches that are global and also local, in term of continuity and change. Perhaps at no time has it been so important to ensure that one does observe what one is discussing, in terms of local and particular phenomenon. The writer notes that this is played out in this paper's case study.
Outline:
Introduction
An Ethnography of Public TV Viewing
Reflections on TV Audience Freedom
'The Heavy Viewer'
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"In a somewhat shabby area, Ciro's offers a kind of oasis in a well-run, almost upscale facility of reasonable prices. The premises have involved a tavern of some kind for many years catering to a working class area of much early 20th century row housing, most of it quite simple, streets of less costly detached housing and few amenities of kinds appealing to upscale consumers. It is a neighbourhood beset by visible petty crime but also an array of churches, mosques and temples, a low-cost area chosen by diverse new Canadians and others since the 1980s. The management of Ciro's welcome customers of every imaginable social class and background providing that patrons are agreeably behaved, distinct from the same areas large crack cocaine culture whose members are catered to by other drinking establishments. Ciro's was chosen for observation for its feature of both educated and uneducated patrons and for its eternal television screen, forever on, at all hours, usually showing news-feeds or other material of local interest. Large TV screens are situated behind the bar that takes up the establishment's east wall and suspended from the ceiling at the centre of the area used by customers who both stand or make use of tables. The culture of Ciro's is remarkably democratic apart from firm rules against customers who are rude, potentially dangerous, apt to conduct drug deals on site or who otherwise cannot participate in the friendly cooperative attitude that is shared by customers."
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Cell Phones and the Globalization of Technology, 2007.
An examination of the cell phone industry and its influence on globalization.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines cell phone technology with a particular emphasis upon its relationship to the processes of globalization. The paper argues that this technology is symbolic of both the promise and the problems of globalization. The paper looks at how cell phone technology is being innovated in not only the West but also in East and South Asia and shows how this technology continues to reflect its Western origins and is indicative of the expansion of Western paradigms of science, technology and production - at the expense of potential alternatives - on a global scale. The paper notes that while the technology of cell phones has effectively filled a clear need for a wireless audio communication device on a global scale, it is also widely accessible and comparatively inexpensive within the developing world. In conclusion, the paper shows that this technology is also emblematic of the contemporary nature of globalization in which high technology industries in the developing world serve as outsourcing sites serving the interests of globalized corporations headquartered in the West, and whose workers are valuable solely for the low labor costs and absence of benefits in many of these countries.
Outline:
Introduction
The Essentials of Cell Phone Technology
Cell Phone Technology and the Global Market
The Extended Impacts of Cell Phone Technology
From the Paper
"Clearly, cell phone technology has - within less than a generation - transformed communication practices on a global scale. This transformation is due, in large measure, to the nature of the technology itself which allows for digital compression of communications streams which, by reducing the portion of a channel used by a call, saves network capacity and allows for a cell phone service to serve very large numbers of callers at the same time (Straubhaar and LaRose 2004). Moreover, with digital technology the cells are much smaller, with some being as small as a few hundred yards in diameter. With a given area covered by a large number of digital cell phone antennae, the need for a powerful transmitter on the phone itself is thereby reduced."
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Zundel, Revisionism and the Media, 2008.
This paper explores the media coverage of the Ernest Zundel revisionist case.
1,469 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper details the case involving Ernst Zundel's arrests, deportations and finally imprisonment in Germany. The paper examines three mainstream (nominally non-biased) sources and three "alternative" and admittedly biased websites and the differences between how the two sides cover this case. The paper looks at the Daily Times of Maryville, Tennessee, the Times-Colonist of Victoria, B.C. and the Hamilton Spectator by Bill Dunphy. The paper also examines three alternative sites, revisionists.com, www.ihr.com and www.rense.com. The paper discusses how the definition of revisionism is dependent upon the context.
From the Paper
"Ernst Zundel is a German-born writer and political activist, and was a legal resident of Canada for approximately 40 years until his move to the United States in 2000. He was arrested by U.S. immigration authorities in February of 2003 at his home in Tennessee, where he had come to live with his American wife. The basis for the arrest was a technical violation of U.S. immigration regulations, despite the fact that Zundel had no prior criminal record and was in the process of attempting to acquire legal U.S. residency status, in addition to the fact of being married to a U.S. citizen. He was held in custody by U.S. authorities for several weeks before being deported to Canada, at which point he was held in custody by Canadian authorities for two years as a threat to national security (Rimland.)"
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Metaphors in Daily Life, 2008.
A paper describing the meaning and use of metaphors in all forms of communications.
3,255 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at definitions of metaphors, their usefulness or lack thereof, and the basics of communication theory and how metaphors work in conjunction with that theory. While acknowledging that metaphors are good in that they describe a feeling that might not be communicated in another fashion, the paper also looks at whether it might be possible to educate the receiver of these metaphores that it might be prudent to implement some basic communication theories before swallowing metaphors "as true fact'.
From the Paper
"Metaphors go through every form of communication in daily life. Since everything from politics, to science, to internet based research, entertainment, to speaking day to day with friends, neighbors and academic professionals involve spoken or written communication, metaphors permeate every facet of our lives.
"With that being the case, we need to understand them, and that is the purpose behind this paper, Metaphors in Daily Life. This paper looks at definitions of metaphors, if any exist, their usefulness or lack thereof, and the basic of communication theory and how metaphors work in conjunction with that theory. Do they have a relevance when the recipient of the conversation does not share the same experiences as the deliverer of those messages, or are they lost with no relevance because there is not enough literal meaning in which to extract meaningful interpretation?"
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Dialogues with Nursing Patients, 2008.
This paper analyzes three nursing dialogues with very different patients.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the only way that nurses will learn about patients' needs and concerns is to really listen and to communicate well. The author points out that the purpose of the dialogues described in the paper was to identify or express the concerns of a patient with tachycardia, a breast cancer patient and a person with chronic abdominal pain. The paper stresses that the better the nurse's communication skills, the higher will be the quality of care that she or he provides. The author underscores that the most important point learned from these dialogues is the importance of the patient's perspective. The paper suggest that open-ended questions, going with the flow, patients' use of certain words or sentences and attentive listening are essential to a successful patient-nurse dialogue.
From the Paper
"I made other errors with Mrs. K, but they became a learning experience for the next two dialogues. For instance, I interrupted Mrs. K at times to respond to her. The most valuable lesson from Dialogue 1 was that we can remain true to the original intent by asking open-ended questions. The whole direction of the communication can be guided with open-ended questions. At the same time, there were blocks to effective communication because I began with a closed question. When Mrs. K stated that she felt she was becoming paralyzed, that statement needs to be explored with a great deal of empathy."
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Local Mitigation Strategy for St. Lucie, 2008.
A strategy set up to ensure the least amount of distress to citizens in the wake of a "disaster".
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the local mitigation strategy set up in St. Lucie County 1998 after the devastation to the area from hurricanes Jeanne and Frances. The paper discusses the three entities that work together to address issues that adversely affect the citizens of the area and provide methods that ensure that the least amount of "impact" is realized following a "man-made or natural hazard". The author concludes that the communication plans for public policy programs follow one specific format in general, the creation of a central authority that oversees the program and that considers the needs of all stakeholders.
Outline:
Local Mitigation Strategy for St. Lucie County
Wage Labor Policy
Minority, Women, and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise
Head Start in Nevada
Evaluate the Roles of Elected and Appointed Officials
Evaluate How Competing Interests Were Balanced and Tradeoffs Made
Conclusion
From the Paper
"St. Lucie County developed a local mitigation strategy in 1998 after the devastation to the area from hurricanes Jeanne and Frances ("Local", n.d., para. 1). The local mitigation strategy is comprised of "three municipalities within the County, the local business community, and non-profit organizations" ("Local", n.d., para. 1). These entities work together to address issues that adversely affect the citizenry of the area and provide methods that ensure that the least amount of "impact" is realized following a "manmade or natural hazard" ("Local", n.d., para. 2).
"The local mitigation strategy calls for a steering committee that works to alleviate concerns that have previously been felt by the community in other situations. The committee develops a list of issues that have priority for the community and that are the first to receive federal funding, should a hazard occur. The communications between the three primary groups that oversee the needs of the community stakeholders are then addressed through the existence of the steering committee, which acts on their behalf in situations related to community concern."
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Network News Bias, 2008.
An analytical examination of the hypothesis that network news presents a liberal bias.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes whether network news has a liberal bias. More specifically, it tries to explain a relationship between the content of network news and its particular inclination to liberal views. The paper examines the research methodology used to analyze the hypotheses that the author puts forward regarding network news and its views and describes how the methodology can be improved.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Methodology: Alternatives, Optimal Choice, and the Rationale
Validity and Robustness of the Model
From the Paper
"It would also be beneficial to test sub-hypotheses that support the main hypothesis so as to understand if the data is given contradictory results. For example, the main hypothesis is testing whether network news has a liberal bias. Sub-hypotheses can measure specific liberal biases, such as the treatment of the war on Iraq, views about social security or taxes in general, and opinions on leadership in the country. If the main hypothesis is tested and it is proven that there is a liberal bias, then these sub-hypotheses, should also slant towards a liberal view on network news, if not, then the main hypothesis is not supported and may need another methodological approach."
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Negotiations in Education, 2008.
This paper argues against traditional bargaining in education negotiations.
2,262 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews why traditional bargaining in education is a deeply flawed approach and why it must be replaced by a collaborative approach that emphasizes mutual gain and integrative solutions. The paper reviews the various types of negotiation and explains why mutual-gains bargaining is the only way for education negotiations to work. Ultimately, this writer insists that both parties work on behalf of children and this fact should be borne in mind by the adults representing the two sides.
From the Paper
"Without question, collective bargaining is most effective when it emphasizes a mutual-gains approach founded upon collaboration, flexibility, and integrative bargaining, rather than an adversarial approach; after all, people who fight bitterly over the bargaining table are unlikely to work constructively in the workplace when the negotiations are finally at an end. More than that, personal feelings may intrude upon professional duties in the aftermath of a particularly bitter negotiation to such an extent that a poisonous work environment may eventually develop - one which will make students and parents the undeserving victims of animosities that were created and then aggravated by professionals sitting across from one another at a bargaining session."
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Community Relationships and the Internet, 2008.
A look at the growing use of the Internet and its potential dangers.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the growth of the Internet as a means of mass communication. The paper notes that, as the Internet has developed over the years, more services have been added and users can access huge amounts of information. The author also describes the concerns that are emerging today as to its potential to reduce social interaction and isolate users from the community.
From the Paper
"From the beginning of the Internet as a means of mass communication, critics have seen this development as having the potential to reduce social interaction and isolate users from the community. As more and more types of service are added to the Internet, these concerns have only increased. However, at the same time, the Internet has developed its own sense of community, though certainly this is a community with minimal personal interaction, leaving open the question of how damaging a shift from a face-to-face community to an online community may be.
"Kraut (1998), a professor of social psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, conducted a study and found that the Internet was dangerous to one's social and psychological well being (Plotnikoff, 2001, paras. 1-11)). Tranvik (2001) addresses a the key question when he asks about the new technologies, "will they cause unimaginable levels of social isolation, or will they bring a new society with a friendlier face" (Tranvik, 2001, para. 1). The fear has been that they will bring more isolation, though many users believe they interact more with others online than they do in life. Cyberspace most certainly does constitute a new community to which virtually anyone may belong, and how helpful or harmful this may be will be clear in time."
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"With Respect to the Japanese", 2008.
This paper reviews John C. Condon's book, "With Respect to the Japanese".
733 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines John C. Condon's book, "With Respect to the Japanese", which is devoted to an overview and discussion of international relations between the Japanese and Westerners, particularly Americans involved in business contacts with the Japanese. The paper discusses how Condon believes that truly understanding another culture requires a special effort to see the people of the other culture as they see themselves. The paper summarizes the contents of Condon's book and asserts that it is a valuable contribution to the literature of popular cultural studies of modern Japan, written for a Western audience.
From the Paper
"Condon begins with the somewhat facetious statement that Japan and America make up an "odd couple," that is to say, two nations that are very different from each other, possessing what seem to be mutually alien ways of living and thinking, and yet which are tightly tied together in a relationship of mutual dependence, ironically facilitated by Japan's defeat in World War II. At that time, the almost total destruction of Japan's economy and industry and the occupation of the country by United States forces and interests created a unique situation in which the rebuilding of the former enemy would bring it into much closer contact with the victors than would otherwise ever be possible."
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Postmodernism and Pop Culture Religion, 2008.
This paper looks at the portrayal of Judeo-Christian beliefs in television cartoons.
1,608 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the influence of postmodernism on religion by exploring the Judeo-Christian religious beliefs present in television cartoons. The paper discusses how the perception of religion has changed through the postmodernist lens and also demonstrates how the cartoons themselves have been transformed from a form of childhood entertainment to one where serious adult issues are explored. The paper examines the cartoons "Veggie Tales", "The Simpsons" and "South Park".
Outline:
Introduction
Religion and Child-Targeted Cartoons
Religion and Adult-Targeted Cartoons
Remarks on Crossed Worlds
Summary
From the Paper
"The influences of postmodernism within society are both diverse in nature and heavily distributed in content (Hull 57). Improvement in the ease of communications and the time taken to invest in same has led to a society in which its participants are highly decentralized, especially in respect to shared cultural commonalities such as ethnic, geographic, or religious traits. Also, while these traits still exist and persist, they are represented in non-traditional formats that demonstrate their influence on the community but are not authentic representations of the original traits themselves."
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"Jacob", 2008.
An analysis of Maria Campbell's poem "Jacob".
869 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Maria Campbell's "Jacob" and explores how her work captures the rhythms and echoes of non-elite speech. The paper discusses Campbell's utilization of the oral family history, a mode of communication popular among native cultures, that was intended to resist the conventions and paradigms established by the dominant western society. The paper describes the poem as poignant and transgressive snf devoted to breaking free of the literary "mold" put into place by those who effaced the cultures which preceded them in North America.
From the Paper
"Maria Campbell's elegant poem, "Jacob", captures the rhythms and echoes of speech in a way that more conventional and "esoteric" poetry does not. First of all, the poetry uses the vernacular of one who is little-schooled in the art of speaking formal, "white man's" language. Examples of this abound: there are frequent substitutions of "dat" for "that" (Campbell, lines 3, 6, 10, 11 and 15) and "dah" for the article "the" (Campbell, lines 22-24 and 28). Going further, the article invariably uses the term, "dey" in place of the English pronoun, "they" (Campbell, lines 19, 26, 32 and 34). Why Campbell would resort to this is a question that does not yield any definitive answers - but a number of possibilities."
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