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Auditing, 2005.
An analysis of a fictional audit to a company.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper answers in detail several questions relating to the financial audit committee as well as to a fictional audit of a given company. The paper examines several accounting and reporting practices on the part of the fictional company in relation to their income statements and balance sheets. The conclusion is that the company is considerably lax in its reporting standards.
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Loblaw's Annual Report Review, 2005.
An analysis of Loblaw Companies Limited 2004 annual report.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Loblaw Companies Limited 2004 annual report. This paper uses basic accounting principles and definitions to analyze the company's financial report. The paper examines ledger entries and raises issues with regard to the lack of information in the report, specifically the fact that the annual report does not include the firm's income statement.
From the Paper
"Summary: MLA Format. 12 Pages. This paper reviews Loblaw's annual report. Loblaw Companies Limited: Annual Report Review Introduction Every organization conducts some sort of bookkeeping to keep track of money being spent and money being earned. This information is also used by managers to plan strategically. If a company is spending more money that it is making, it is a good sign that the business will fail (i.e. bankruptcy). Accounting practices are used to measure, record, and interpret a company's financial information. This information is published and used by managers, investors, and stakeholders to make decisions (i.e. buy vs. sell company stock)."
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Pricing and Profits and Inventory Valuation, 2005.
A discussion on corporate pricing policies and inventory valuation.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper consists of two shorter essays, both on general business topics. The first essay concerns the importance of corporate pricing policies. The second essay regards the differences and values of FIFO and LIFO accounting practices for determining inventory value.
From the Paper
"Two Assignments: Pricing and Profits & Inventory Valuation Assignment 3.3 Identifying the corporate pricing policies for any business is a crucial part of meeting business and marketing goals. Pricing decisions affect various aspects of business operation such as sales volume, profit margins, and public image. Potential objectives for pricing policies can be wide-ranging. They might include increasing sales volume, increasing sales revenues, increasing market share, meeting/preventing competition, targeting low-cost buyers, or just increasing profits (Establishing, 2005). It is evident, then, that pricing policies have a powerful influence on the success of many parts of any business venture. In the case of The Herb Shop (THS), the purpose of this report is to identify which pricing policies makes the most corporate sense, clarify how this choice will influence market position, demonstrate the objective of this policy, and determine how a pricing policy will dictate interactions with competitors."
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Developing Plans for Organizational Growth in Health Care, 2005.
An examination of the models for knowledge transfer and exchange for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of knowledge transfer and exchange, as it relates to the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the desire to implement a model into the grant program. The models that have been incorporated into the programs of the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation are examined. Additional research is also utilized to explore all areas of the issues, and conclusions are drawn based upon the research.
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Accounting, 2005.
A discussion on the double declining balance method and the straight-line method of accounting.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is on an accounting case for a company called Octavan which is changing its accounting system and other aspects of accounting to improve its revenue picture; the company is about to shift to the double declining balance method. The paper discusses how the use of this method will give the company a boost in the first year or so, but at some point will reach the same level as the straight-line method, at which time the company will have to change again to the straight-line method.
From the Paper
"In the Octavan case, the company is about to shift to the double declining balance method. The use of this method will give the company a boost in the first year or so, but at some point it will reach the same level as the straight-line method, at which time the company will have to change again to the straight-line method (Double declining balance depreciation method, 2005, paras. 1-3). This change along with the reduction in accumulate depreciation should save the company money in the first few years and so is a clear benefit with little apparent downside. The move might alter the financial picture of the company as far as investors are concerned, but the company already has secured its loan and can use the added funds in the early period to pay for that loan and to help increase revenues."
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Accounting, 2005.
A discussion on accounting principles.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how general accounting requires a record of financial actions to be taken with a fiscal year. When the fiscal year begins on July 1st and ends on June 30th there is an equal division of days and an easier comparison of business progress can be accomplished. The paper further discusses various accounting principles.
From the Paper
"Date (Day Month Year) Name of head of institution Dean, School of Medicine University of Y Address Dear (Preferred title [Prof or Dr] and name), I am writing this letter on behalf of Mr. Moree, in connection with his desire to transfer from the U of X School of Medicine to your institution. Mr. Moree withdrew from our school on _____ 2005. At the time of his withdrawal, Mr. Moree was in good standing, with a general weighted average of __ and a ranking of ___ in a class of __ students. He has completed up to the first semester of his third year at U of X. In addition, he has successfully passed Part I of the National Medical Board Examination. Consistent with the U of X's prescribed curriculum, he has fulfilled all of the preclinical requirements of U of X, and is ready and eager to continue his medical education in your institution. Please do not hesitate to contact me in case you require additional information. Thank you"
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General Motors, 2005.
A financial analysis of General Motors.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a financial analysis of General Motors financial statements as found in its annual financial statement (10-K) release to its shareholders and the general public. This analysis includes liquidity ratios, inventory ratios, asset ratios, equity ratios, and a host of other typical financial analysis tools. A brief overview of General Motors' current industry position introduces the analysis.
From the Paper
"General Motors Corporation sells automobiles and other related parts and equipment, operates a diverse portfolio of business operations. In fact, it is as much of a finance company as it is a vehicle manufacturer. The most recent annual 10-K filing is for the 2004 financial year providing the relevant data regarding income on operations, net income for the most recent years, as well as a host of other financial related information necessary to complete a financial analysis of the company. The 10-K also contains relevant auditor, internal and external data, as well as the personal signoff of the executive officers committing to the validity of the financial reports forcing them to take a vested interest in the validity of the company's numbers. This last is required by the Sarbaanes-Oxley Act of 2001."
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General Motors, 2005.
An examination of the statements and policies of General Motors.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the nature and character of General Motors financial statements as found in its annual financial statement (10-K), released to its shareholders and the general public. Particular attention is paid to the income statements, cash flows, and accounting policies. Also, the type of income statement, either single-step or multi-step, is identified.
From the Paper
"Income statements can either be single-step or multi-step and the choice of which is used is dependent on the type of business and the business model employed. A single-step income statement tends to place all revenues in one sum as well as all expenses together in another sum. Single-step income statements are most commonly associated with companies or business models built around a service or an intangible product of some kind. Multi-step income statements normally contain more than one sub-total under the sales revenue column such as a cost of goods sold (COGS) figure so that a more accurate picture of revenue can be deduced from the figures."
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Bank Diversification and Specialization, 2005.
A discussion on bank diversification and specialization in the global marketplace.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses diversification and specialization in the banking industry. The paper further examines the intricacies of diversification and specialization as they relate to modern society, focusing on the various elements of the concepts in finance. The paper applies these theories to the global marketplace, as well as to the local communities to determine which method of banking is more effective.
From the Paper
"With the onset of globalization and the lending fraud of the past few decades to consider it would appear that consumers in America would be more supportive of strength in banking, than in dealing with small financial institutions. Large banks that have often times become consolidated and diversified their portfolios have reported significant gains in their value, and continued success because of diversification in the industry. Specialized bankers and financial institutions, however, have maintained their place in the local markets with a stronger sense of serving the average citizen, in spite of newsworthy events that would have them closed. The question for many Americans today is whether the specialized bank is more effective in meeting the needs of the public, or whether banks that have become diversified provide a more stable environment for financial considerations."
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Credit Derivatives, 2005.
An examination of credit derivatives in modern banking, and how they function in a global market.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses credit derivatives in modern banking. The paper gives a brief outline of credit derivatives, and further discusses the concept of how they function within the global market. The paper examines occurrences within banking in relation to credit derivatives and how these events have affected the worldwide opinion regarding the limitations of these transactions. The paper draws conclusions from the research provided, and offers opinions for the future of credit derivatives in banking.
From the Paper
"When the economy is stable and interest rates are low, banks traditionally struggle for profits because there is not a significant need for loans from consumers or big business. In these moments of financial peace, banks needed methods that would ensure they could survive independently on the downfall of the economy in order to remain solvent. Credit derivatives were born of such concern, allowing bankers, and others, the ability to reduce their risk by selling risk to other parties. Risk was still maintained by lending institutions, but the prospect of intense profit margins was the deciding factor for most banks to begin to participate in credit derivatives. The research will demonstrate that bank use of credit derivatives has been a recorded success, and that credit derivatives continue to grow across the globe as a boom to the banking industry. However, limitations do exist connected with credit derivatives."
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"A Vision Fulfilled": An Analysis, 2005.
A discussion of CPA qualifications in the article "A Vision Fulfilled".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This undergraduate paper summarizes the article, "Vision Fulfilled", which examines the impact of the computer-based uniform CPA examination, which authors William W. Holder and Paula B. Thomas consider to be the "single most significant change in the licensing of CPAs in the profession" 100-year history. They note that over the past year, the Uniform CPA Examination has been well-received, primarily because of its state of the art technology, generation of higher pass rates, and reflection of the, "work environment candidates will be entering."
From the Paper
"The article, "A Vision Fulfilled" examines the impact of the computer-based Uniform CPA Examination, which authors William W. Holder and Paula B. Thomas consider to be the "single most significant change in the licensing of CPAs in the profession's 100-year history." They note that over the past year, the Uniform CPA Examination has been well-received, primarily because of its state of the art technology, generation of higher pass rates, and reflection of the, "work environment candidates will be entering." (Holder and Thomas) The authors believe that this new examination has been positively received throughout the accounting profession not only because it was the product of more than five years of development, but because of the fortuitous timing of its appearance."
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Ethics In Financial Reporting, 2005.
A discussion regarding the ethics of financial reporting and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ethical financial reporting and what organizations are involved in monitoring and regulating financial statements of public companies. This paper reports that in the United States, these rules are called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Although they are not laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission requires public companies to follow them. The Financial Accounting Standards Board is the most important organization in setting Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Although not part of GAAP, Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts provide the basis for Statements of Financial Accountant Standards, which are the most important GAAP-establishing publications.
From the Paper
"The framework for corporate financial management has changed significantly over the past few decades as more corporations move away from a checks and balances systems towards more of a juggling act. Recent ethical scandals including the Bre-X, Enron, and Worldcom debacles, has translated into increased scrutiny of corporate financial reporting. Some financial analysts argue that a company's ethical standards affects profitability, and those businesses that demonstrate unethical behaviour will suffer from decreased market share and profit potential, as well as increased government regulation. Increased competition between businesses has forced corporate finance managers to juggle more than one set of balance sheets depending on whether the reporting is going to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or shareholders."
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Pfizer & Merck, 2005.
A review of the the companies Pfizer and Merck during the years 2002 to 2004.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes changes which have occurred in two of the leading pharmaceutical companies, Merck and Pfizer. These changes have lead to alterations in income and costs. This paper analyzes the years 2002, 2003, and 2004.
From the Paper
"The pharmaceutical industry is full of changes due to the constant development of new diseases and the fight for cures. As a result, pharmaceutical companies are vigilant in their quest to develop new drugs but it is not only to control or eliminate the disease but also to gain the significant amount of revenue that can be gained if the drug is successful. Regardless whether the company is one of the giants like Pfizer or Merck the fact remains that costs are high which not only incurred for development but also for the testing process. Either way if the drugs are not proven safe and affective, they will not gain the Food and Drug Administration approve and therefore can not be sold. In recent years we have heard much debate on drug costs as well as pharmaceutical company profits."
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Accounting Ethics, 2005.
A look at accounting ethics and their application to a family owned funeral home.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the intersection between ethical accounting practices and good business. More specifically, the paper looks at how good accounting practices can bolster the professional standing and operation of a family-owned funeral and why it is that, morally and practically, scrupulously honest accounting practices are essential to the long-term viability of any family operation.
From the Paper
"Few businesses depend more upon the goodwill of ordinary citizens than do funeral homes - especially family-owned funeral homes. Much of this, of course, is because the death of a loved one is such an intensely painful experience for all concerned and people want to know that those to whom they entrust the responsibility of preparing their loved one for the hereafter are scrupulously honest and compassionate. This paper will address the issue of trustworthiness by examining an article on accounting ethics and then applying the lessons learned from that article to a generic model of a family-owned funeral home. The paper will then make recommendations for improving a typical funeral home operation based on the ideas set forth in the article. "
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Accounting Standards in the E.U., 2005.
A look at international accounting standards into the European Union.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 15 sources, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the harmonization of the international accounting standards into the European Union as well as other countries around the world. It has several historical components.
From the Paper
"What began as a method to unify industries, specifically coal and steel, between France and a few western European countries in 1951, has today grown into a 25-country conglomerate. However in its humble beginning it was comprised of only 6 members and those countries were: Belgium, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy and the Netherlands. At the time the only concern was to improve their industries especially in the years following World War II ("History of the E.U."). Today the E.U. is comprised of several countries, 25 in total. They are listed below: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (Scott 71). "
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Managerial Accounting--Cost Management, 2005.
A case study analysis of a mental health organization faced with budgetary cuts.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a mental health organization which is destined to face drastically reduced or eliminated discretionary costs.
From the Paper
"Identify which costs you think are likely to be discretionary or committed costs. The list of discretionary costs includes supplies, advertising and promotion, professional meetings/dues, transportation, and consulting. Committed costs consist of all the salaries, accounting/billing, and other activities/costs requisite to engage in the primary business activity. One possibility is to eliminate all discretionary costs. The discretionary costs could easily be eliminated or at the least reduced. However, this option is rarely good for morale and often increases costs in other areas unforeseen in the planning process. Yet, when faced with a required reduction in budget, these are the areas that must go first. In the following budgetary periods, strategies to reduce the fixed/operating costs, such as property/facilities overhead should be examined. "
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Accounting, 2005.
A discussion on managerial accounting and financial accounting.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two unique sub-functions within the accounting field: managerial accounting and financial accounting. The specific functions, responsibilities and duties of each function are discussed. Further consideration is given to the ethical implications involved with each accounting division. Enron is mentioned as a prime example of how ethical considerations can not only undermine the financial solvency of a company but, ultimately, can cause its demise.
From the Paper
"The presence of financial accountants and management accountants in most large corporations today is a testament to the complexity of the global economy, the legal and governance rules an entity must operate under, and the sheer amount of information the profession must deal with on a daily basis. Though there are many functions that overlap within these two divisions of the same profession, each classification serves a uniquely strategic function. In general, financial accounting is responsible for the historical financial records and data of a company and is largely responsible for ensuring legal and regulatory compliance. Managerial accounting is responsible for providing interpretive reports of financial accounts which managers and executives use to make operational decisions and devise corporate strategy. "
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Forward Motion, 2005.
A review of Nordstrom's 2003 annual report.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper is based on the 2003 annual report for Nordstrom. This paper also performs profitability and minor ratio analysis to determined the risk that this company could pass on to its investors in the event that something negative would occur.
From the Paper
"Most do not envision when they are in a Nordstrom store, shopping on its website or browsing through a catalog that the beginnings of this multi-billion dollar empire, were not only humble ones, but also ones which were poverty stricken to say the least. It all began in 1887 when Swedish born immigrant, John W. Nordstrom migrated to the United States to live and pursue the American dream ("Company History", 2005). Amazingly enough it would only take him 14 years before he would become part owner to what would eventually become the Nordstrom of today. However in 1901 it was called "Wallin & Nordstrom" and was located in Seattle Washington, when it opened its doors to only sell shoes."
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2005.
A review and discussion of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the reason for its passage, the meaning of the law, and the possible consequences it may have on investor confidence. The paper notes that it was signed on July 30, 2002 in order to increase public confidence in the nation's capital markets after a number of accounting scandals such as Enron and Global Crossing, and the effectiveness of law being dependant on it's application.
From the Paper
"The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed on July 30, 2002 in order to increase public confidence in the nation's capital markets and "imposes new duties and significant penalties for non compliance on public companies and their executives, directors, auditors, attorneys and securities analysts" (Conference of State Bank Supervisors para. 1). What the full implications of this legislation may be known only after various actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the newly created Public Company Accounting Oversight Board: "Most of the provisions of this new law only apply to public companies that file a form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission their auditors and securities analysts" (Conference of State Bank Supervisors para. 1). "
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