| Papers [362-380] of 824 :: [Page 20 of 44] | | Go to page : <— 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 —> | |
|
|
Lawyers and Money Laundering, 2006.
This paper explores the ethical dilemmas inherent in lawyers' rights to defend individuals and the need to protect society.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the delicate balance between the sanctity of lawyer-client privilege and the need to protect society. The paper begins by defining money laundering and presenting examples of lawyers who have been involved in money laundering. The paper then explains why the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) views lawyers as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process. Next, the paper discusses the sanctity of lawyer-client privileges. A discussion on law enforcement efforts to balance the rights of the individual vs. the protection of society then follows. The paper concludes that this ethical dilemma of the relationship between lawyers' right to defend individuals and organized crime involved in money laundering creates topical discussions with no clear answers.
Outline:
Introduction
Money Laundering Defined
Examples of Lawyers Involved in Money Laundering
FATF Describes Lawyers as "Gatekeepers"
Ethics and the Sanctity of Lawyer Client Privilege
Balancing the Rights of the Individual versus the Protection of Society
From the Paper
"Balancing the protection of society versus defending individual rights is an ethical dilemma that criminal defense lawyers may experience. This is especially enhanced when lawyers represent the interests of organized crime. Money laundering endangers the social economic fabric of society and is linked to serious crimes of violence, drug trafficking and terrorism. Legislation is designed to assist law enforcement with investigating and prosecuting crimes such as money laundering. However, legalities have been overcome by professionals such as accountants, bank managers, insurance agents and lawyers. These professionals viewed as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process can easily become embroiled into facilitating the needs of organized crime, either unwittingly or knowingly."
| |
|
The Core-Satellite Model Revisited, 2008.
This paper discusses the core-satellite model, tracking error control, exchange traded funds and satellites possibilities.
4,533 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer first defines core-satellite management and then discusses the efficency of the core-satellite portfolio model. The writer looks at the increase in exchange traded funds (ETFs) that are mainly used in the core of the portfolio. Furthermore, the writer notes that the list of alternative investments constantly increases, creating new possibilities for satellites. The writer maintains that thanks to the research, some models are improved and some others created that facilitate the use of the core-satellite management, for example, new methods are developed to measure hedge fund return. The paper includes color graphs and charts.
Outline:
Introduction
The Core-Satellite Model
Why the Core-Satellite Management?
The Tracking Error
Other Advantages/Drawbacks
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
Overview of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
What are ETFs?
What Kinds of ETFs Exist?
What are the Advantages of ETFs Versus Open-Ended Funds?
What are the Ways to Use ETFs?
Hedge Funds
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The goal of the tracking error constraints is to limit the bad tracking error. However, tight tracking error constraints can lead to a suboptimal management of the portfolio.
"First, as most active managers still have dominant passive exposure to their benchmark, a great part of their fees reward a passively managed portfolio.
"Secondly, the active manager cannot use freely their skills. When an actively managed portfolio must follow a benchmark with tight tracking error constraints, it severely restricts the amount invested in active strategy. This means renouncing to opportunities of return enhancement and risk reduction. In case of economic downturn the opportunity cost is even higher because active absolute return strategies usually out-perform the market.
"With the core-satellite, on the contrary, because of the higher tracking error allowed to the satellites, the managers don't have to give up the potential of higher returns generated by selected active management strategies."
| |
|
Theory of Aggregate Demand, 2004.
A discussion on the relationship between financial institutions and aggregate demand.
1,009 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper states that the economics theory of aggregate demand suggests AD is the measurement of the ability and willingness of people and firms to buy goods. The concept has been derived from Say's law which states that supply creates demand. The paper comments that this means that when there is enough supply people are motivated to purchase things for consumption; firms are more inclined to invest in more projects as the supply of goods and services are available at a cheaper price. The paper highlights that world components of aggregate demands such as prices, international relationships and political institutions all create interdependency and therefore it becomes difficult to actually segregate how certain components affect the others. The paper determines the relationship between financial institutions and aggregate demand and to what extent the quantity theory of money is relevant. The paper concludes that financial institutions are indirectly linked to AD. The quantity theory of money in turn is a good model for explaining the way AD operates in financial market.
From the Paper
"Having said that it, one can now analyze the relationship of financial institutions and AD. Financial institutions deals in resources rather than goods and services and factors like credit level determined by the government, interest rates, and the monetary policies greatly influence its performance. Furthermore, financial institutions operate on a different platform as it does not apply the empirical model of AD theory."
| |
|
Prospective Payments by Medicare, 2004.
A discussion on the rationale of reimbursement systems with respect to prospective payments in the Medicare system.
811 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the prospective payment system developed as a quality comparison tool in order to address the increasing costs generated from the Medicare system. The paper relates that the federal government introduced the prospective payment plan into the Medicare system and that under this system, hospitals are paid a pre-determined rate for each Medicare admission.The paper then discusses the effectiveness of the payment system and highlights the strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes that the prospective payment system has withstood the test of 22 years and its strengths and weaknesses will continue to be debated but according to government standards, it has been an effective system.
Outline:
Introduction
Effectiveness of Prospective Payment
Strengths
Weaknesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Prospective Payment System is a way for spending to be curbed within the private sector (Tieman, 2003). Hospitals and healthcare facilities are given incentive to be efficient and cost-effective (Coulam and Gaumer, 1991). When the Prospective Payment System was implemented, there were strongly held expectations among promoters and skeptics (Coulam and Gaumer, 1991). Promoters of the policy hoped that payment reduction would be matched by lower levels of spending through a reduction in lengths of stay, a reduction in the intensity of care, and therefore, more efficient hospital operations. "
| |
|
Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 2008.
Presents an extensive financial analysis of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals.
3,055 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 89.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains the history, management and organization of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals and its industry. The author reports that accounting ratios are the key basis for the financial analysis of this company based on data from 2005, 2006 and 2007. Computations are included in the paper. The paper indicates that the drop in profitability and the declining liquidity, which is probably stemming from cash problems, may hinder potential investors from investing in this organization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: History on Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
Management Level of the Pfizer Incorporation
Profile of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
Financial Analysis of Pfizer Incorporation
Table: 2005, 2006 and 2007 Accounting Ratios
Liquidity of Pfizer Incorporation
Asset Utilization of Pfizer Incorporation
Profitability of Pfizer Incorporation
Stability and Debt Management of Pfizer Incorporation
Investors Ratios
Computation of Accounting Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Cash Conversional Cycle
Profitability Ratios
Stability and Debt Management
Investors Ratios
Final Thought - Shareholder Value
From the Paper
"Another important element of the financial position of the company is the cash flow of the company. Indeed the Cash Conversional Cycle was computed in section 1.2 of this paper to outline such area. The ratios express the length of time, in days, which a firm takes to convert the resource inputs into cash flow. A steady decrease in this matrix is noted over the three years examined from 271 days to 183 days. This is a positive element for the liquidity of the organization because management is more effective in translating the revenue transactions into cash."
| |
|
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2008.
Looks at the internal controls required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
5,856 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 140.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act enacted in 2002 has changed the way companies do business. Stringent internal controls are now woven into the fabric of daily operations of public companies. Rigorous auditing is performed to ensure compliance with the requirements of the legislation. The paper then notes that the average investor, however, is not a CPA working for a large auditing company and that, for the layman, there are several things to look for in a company before investing capital. This paper discusses this criterion.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Code of Conduct
The Control Environment
Remediation
Reporting Infractions
Motivation
Financial Reporting
Information & Communication
Risk Assessment
Monitoring
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Organizational structure should include a risk officer, financial officer, and internal auditor. These positions should all exist within an organization if it is serious about minimizing risk. Organizational policies should not be so loose that it tempts managers into an unethical situation. These policies should not allow management to take unnecessary risk that go unchecked by others and should have required documentation before being allowed to proceed. "Lastly, the company must periodically review its risk assessments process and management should respond if any new risk were identified.""
| |
|
Cost Terminology, 2007.
Explores the terminology used to describe various types of costs.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that a variety of terms are used to identify costs within the business environment. The author describes each of these terms, including fixed, variable, direct, indirect, sunk, total and overhead, which categorize specific data used to complete a financial analysis. This data can then be used to identify the success and failure of a company.
From the Paper
"Within the business industry, a common example of sunk costs is found in the research and development department. Financial investments are made in this department with the intention of furthering the success of the company. However, if the investment is specifically intended for one particular element, the investment may be a sunk cost. In this situation, the costs cannot be recovered if the investment in the research and development of a specific product is not successful."
| |
|
Financial Management in Business, 2007.
This paper discusses the responsibilities of financial managers in business.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explains how financial managers utilize many financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets and statements of cash flow. The paper discusses how accurate and ethical information and actions are essential to ensure equitable wealth among shareholders, stockholders and management.
From the Paper
"To be successful, a business must be comprised of many components. However, it is essential that the finance and accounting aspects of a business are adequate. Finance and accounting, when operating properly, offer many benefits to a company. These benefits include financial statements and managerial reports, which provide valuable information to the associated parties. This information can be used to make informed and ethical business decisions, which may lead to further success."
| |
|
Accountant and Financial Manager Roles, 2004.
This paper discusses, compares and contrasts the roles of the accountant and that of the financial manager.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer compares and contrasts the relationship between the accountant and the financial manager within business entities. Included are the various types of accountants and financial managers as well as their inter-related roles. Further, the writer looks at their functions, orientations, concerns and purposes. Additionally, the intangible topic of ethics and its impact on revenue is also discussed.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"Broadly speaking, the accountant identifies, measures and communicates important economic information about a business entity; organization or corporation in order that informed judgments can be made. It has an internal orientation, is indirectly involved with but significantly supports the decision-making process. A variety of managers use this information to make informed decisions. Among them is the Financial Manager.
"Like the Accountant, there are various types of Financial Managers. A Chief Financial Officer is involved in financial policymaking and corporate planning. A Treasurer is responsible for cash management, raising capital and cultivating relationships with banks and investors. Finally, a Controller's role is quite similar to the role of the Accountant in that he or she prepares financial statements, is responsible for internal accounting and tax affairs."
|
| Term Paper # 106167 |
temporarily unavailable
|
|
|
|
Flexible Budgeting, 2008.
This paper looks at financial terminology and discusses flexible budgeting within healthcare.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The financial term 'flexible budget' was introduced to the writer during a discussion thread conversation regarding conflict of interest and healthcare financial objectives and goals. The purpose of this paper is to define flexible budgeting, and apply the concepts of flexible budgeting by analyzing various descriptive articles. The writer notes that flexible budgeting can be applied to any industry that provides a service or product. The writer concludes that cost management is becoming a responsibility that is held to an established level of accountability for mid-level managers and a flexible budget tool can be a useful resource in managing the costs associated with providing quality health care.
Outline:
Introduction
Flexible (Variable) Budget
Research Summary
Application of Flexible Budgeting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The articles discussed the concepts and implementation of flexible budgeting in detail. A common concept that appeared in all articles is the departmental education and training and overall acceptance of the budget plan. The planning stages of the transition from a traditional budget to a flexible budget can often take a year or more. A committee is formed of specialized staff from all departments of the medical facility. The committee is developed to form the activity measures and cost variability relationships. Determining activity measures and applying cost variability measures is not a perfect science and may take time to discover actual relationships based on the trends of the medical facility. Departmental managers will play a crucial role in managing department budgets by monitoring trends by comparing actual numbers to historical numbers to establish a trend. A goal of the finance department is to create and practice a culture of open communication and development of the departmental managers In order for a flexible budgeting to succeed is acceptance of the program. The financial department must communicate to the departments that the system is not designed to cut budgets but to enhance the budget in times of resource need. Most hospitals are currently using a mixed budget of traditional budget factors such as fixed costs and a flexible budget when determining costs for staffing."
| |
|
Working Capital Strategies, 2008.
This paper is a research proposal on the risk and opportunities of working capital, working capital management, cash conversion cycle and credit management, among others.
4,739 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 121.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper is a research proposal that discusses Lawrence Sports, a company that manufactures and distributes sports equipment and protective gear. Lawrence has a cash flow problem because largest customer, Mayo Stores is not paying on time. This paper benchmarks other companies to determine an alternative solution which will enable the company to improve its overall cash flows. The paper introduces research that assesses the risks and opportunities of working capital, working capital management, cash conversion cycle, credit management, and short-term financing/debt reduction to prepare for long-term opportunities, cash flow, and identifies the best practices in working capital management. Also, the paper has a large appendix with information from multiple companies.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Appendices
Borders
General Electric
Magna Entertainment Corporation
Fleetwood Enterprise
Wal-Mart
Starbucks
Graham Manufacturing
Dell Computers
From the Paper
"In addition to the other working capital issues identified, Lawrence Sports also is experiencing issues with its cash conversion cycle. Currently, Lawrence is using short-term financing in the form of cash from operations and a bank line of credit to not only finance short term assets such as inventory but also ongoing operations. Doing so places a significant pressure on the company to convert cash quickly. Benchmarking two other companies who have successfully controlled their cash conversion cycle could lend insights to Lawrence on how its CCC may be improved.
"Graham Manufacturing had a CCC of 134 days in 2004. By reducing the amount of time to collect 42% in 2007 and 37% in 2006 as well as increasing the amount of customer deposits prior to delivery of product Graham reduced its CCC down to 46 days by Q1 FY08. Following Graham's example Lawrence Sports could reduce its CCC by requiring Mayo, its largest customer, to pay more than 20% at the time of order. Additionally, Lawrence should focus on faster collections just as Graham did successfully. Such a plan could take the form of discounts for prompt payment or negotiate an interest charge for delayed payment."
| |
|
MBA Level Example of a Personal Financial Plan, 2008.
An MBA example of a typical personal financial plan.
9,900 words (approx. 39.6 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 200.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper is an example of a proposed personal financial plan of a couple. The paper opens up a review of the current situation of a certain Ryan and Sarah Reynolds which includes a balance sheet and income statement and a review of their net worth. The paper states that from the analysis, it appears as though they are in good financial shape, and with the proper planning, they should be able to accomplish all of their goals. The paper with, diagrams, graphs and tables, illustrates the elements taken into consideration when setting up a financial plan.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Asset Management
Property Ownership
Cash Flow
Retirement Planning
Risk Management
Estate Planning
From the Paper
"We highly recommend that both of you see a lawyer and prepare your wills immediately (see Appendix 20). We feel the key issues for you in estate planning will be taxation and beneficiary designation. Without wills, if one of you passes suddenly, half of the house belonging to the deceased spouse will pass in ownership to the children, if you own such properties as tenants in common. As they are quite young, this means that any decisions regarding the house will have to be dealt with through a trustee. We suggest registering legal ownership of assets such as the house as "joint tenants" so that the entire asset passes to the surviving spouse. In case of a common disaster, it is imperative that you appoint both a guardian and trustee for your children; it is extremely important to choose people whom you trust and not to assign both responsibilities to one person. The guardian should share the same values as you and the trustee should be adept at managing money. It should be stipulated in your wills that if you both die before the children reach a certain age (i.e. 25) all assets left to them be held in trust so they can become mature enough to handle such large sums of money."
| |
|
Working Capital Strategies, 2008.
This paper is a research proposal on the risk and opportunities of working capital, working capital management, cash conversion cycle and credit management, among others.
4,739 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 121.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper is a research proposal that discusses Lawrence Sports, a company that manufactures and distributes sports equipment and protective gear. Lawrence has a cash flow problem because its largest customer, Mayo Stores, is not paying on time. This paper benchmarks other companies to determine an alternative solution which will enable the company to improve its overall cash flows. The paper introduces research that assesses the risks and opportunities of working capital, working capital management, cash conversion cycle, credit management, and short-term financing/debt reduction to prepare for long-term opportunities, cash flow, and identifies the best practices in working capital management. Also, the paper has a large appendix with information from multiple companies.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Appendices
Borders
General Electric
Magna Entertainment Corporation
Fleetwood Enterprise
Wal-Mart
Starbucks
Graham Manufacturing
Dell Computers
From the Paper
"In addition to the other working capital issues identified, Lawrence Sports also is experiencing issues with its cash conversion cycle. Currently, Lawrence is using short-term financing in the form of cash from operations and a bank line of credit to not only finance short term assets such as inventory but also ongoing operations. Doing so places a significant pressure on the company to convert cash quickly. Benchmarking two other companies who have successfully controlled their cash conversion cycle could lend insights to Lawrence on how its CCC may be improved.
"Graham Manufacturing had a CCC of 134 days in 2004. By reducing the amount of time to collect 42% in 2007 and 37% in 2006 as well as increasing the amount of customer deposits prior to delivery of product Graham reduced its CCC down to 46 days by Q1 FY08. Following Graham's example Lawrence Sports could reduce its CCC by requiring Mayo, its largest customer, to pay more than 20% at the time of order. Additionally, Lawrence should focus on faster collections just as Graham did successfully. Such a plan could take the form of discounts for prompt payment or negotiate an interest charge for delayed payment."
| |
|
Enron, 2008.
A discussion on the rise and fall of Enron International.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the Enron collapse and scandal and looks at how Enron was able to conceal its negative debt from its accounting books. The paper also looks at what segment of the population was hurt most by the Enron collapse and explains why the executives at Enron responsible for what has been deemed the worst case of deception, greed and fraud in the history of Corporate America, should be prosecuted by the US Department of Justice.
Outline:
Enron's Employees
How Did It Manage To Conceal Debts
Enron Investors
Political Connection
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Enron's bankruptcy then took the world by complete surprise, as this was not only the biggest collapse in the United States in recent years, it was also the fastest. Before filing for bankruptcy in December last year, Enron was the seventh largest company of the United States as it turned its businesses into monopolies by dominating all areas of its various operations. But a company that looked so powerful only a year ago collapsed dramatically when one of its accountants began raising questions about those shady transactions which had managed to conceal the company's negative debt position from its accounting books. But slowly and gradually Enron's problems began unrolling in front of the public and it became clear that all the profits shown by the company were simply an illusion. "
| |
|
Shire Pharmaceuticals - A Company Assessment, 2008.
A well-illustrated assessment of the company, Shire PLC, which has operations world wide.
3,535 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 99.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper is an in-depth, fully comprehensive study on the Shire Pharmaceutical Company, concentrating on the issues of finance and accounting. Performances of all sections of the company are highlighted and well-illustrated with graphs and tables, which are easy to analyze and understand. An interesting feature of the paper is a FAQ section which addresses issues, particularly relevant to financial management.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Financial accounting
Financial m
Management accounting
From the Paper
"For the analysis of the literature gathered, one of the main objectives has to be able to present the analyses in a direct and concise manner, utilizing graphic representations or interpretations to illustrate deductions. Whenever possible, the research referred to expert opinions as the foundation of analyses as well as prevailing opinions posted through internet discussions about Shire, the pharmaceutical industry and trends in the FTSE. Models, summaries or tables derived from independent research were also used to facilitate discussion in the construction of the research as well as in the research documentation itself.
The consolidation of insights regarding Shire was done through a process of collaboration which then followed verification through a review of the primary and secondary literature used at the beginning of the research. The final written paper is designed to informative and comprehensive however there was recognition that the study could not be as exhaustive because of limitations on the length of the paper. This is one of the main challenges for the research: considering the amount of information the research required, significant discretion was to be exercised on what was to be included or excluded in the paper."
| |
|
Borders Group, Inc., 2007.
This paper is a complete business plan for Borders Group, Inc., a major retailer selling a wide range of entertainment products, especially books.
2,985 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 64 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, as the second largest retailing book store in the U.S., Borders has large financial resources to implement its strategies. The author states that Borders' strategic plan is to redirect business revenue from stock holders and dividends and back into the business. The paper relates that, with the added cash flow, marketing efforts will be increased and directed at women and baby bombers in an effort to attract these larger demographics. The author anticipates an increased market share and double digit growth over a 24 month period. The paper compares Borders with its major competitor Barnes and Nobles, which is the largest book retailer in the U.S., suggesting that Borders carries more titles from smaller publishers or self-published books in small quantity. The paper includes detailed accounting tables and an annotated bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Business Description
Ownership and Management
Key Initiatives and Objectives
Marketing Opportunities
Competitive Advantages
Marketing Strategy
Summary of Financial Projections
Confidentiality
Recognition of Risk
Business Overview
Business History
Vision and Mission Statement
Objectives
Ownership
Location and Facilities
Products and Services
Description of Products and Services
Key Features of the Products and Services
Production of Products and Services
Future Products and Services
Comparative Advantages in Production
Industry Overview
Market Research
Size of the Industry
Key Product Segments
Key Market Segments
Purchase Process and Buying Criteria
Description of Industry Participants
Key Industry Trends
Industry Outlook
Marketing Strategy
Target Markets
Description of Key Competitors
Analysis of Competitive Position
Pricing Strategy
Promotion Strategy
Distribution Strategy
Management and Staffing
Organizational Structure
Management Team
Staffing
Labor Market Issues
Regulatory Issues
Intellectual Property Protection
Regulatory Issues
Risks
Market Risks
Other Risks
Implementation Plan
Implementation Activities and Dates
Financial Plan
Beginning Balance Sheet
Discussion of Projected Net Income
Discussion of Monthly Cash Flow Statement
Discussion of Projected Annual Cash Flow
Discussion of Pro-Forma Balance Sheet
Discussion of Business Ratios
Pro Forma Income Statement
Cash Flow Statement, Year 1
Three Year Projected Annual Cash Flow
Balance Sheet
Business Ratios
Note 1: Revenue Assumptions
Note 2: Assumptions Regarding the Collection of Sales Revenue
Note 3: Cost of Sales Assumptions
Note 4: Sales and Marketing Assumptions
Note 5: Property and Utilities Assumptions
Note 6: Operations Assumptions
Note 7: Banking and Other Assumptions
Note 8: Wages and Other Assumptions
Note 9: Other Sources of Funding
Note 10: Other Uses of Funding
From the Paper
"In order to boost sales and attract new customers. Borders would use different types of promotional tools to achieve that. We would focus our advertisement on newspaper and magazines that related to retirement and health. The reason is because these channels allows us to reach our target market -- baby boomer. In addition to the advertisement, we also include discount coupons, and special deals when they visit our stores on certain day. Advertisement would also be used when there's new stores open. For our Borders Rewards Club, we hold regular events and book signing. The purpose is to get more attention from the public and get more people come to our stores."
| |
|
Accounting for Intangible Assets: IAS 38, 2008.
This paper discuses the problems created by the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38, which prescribes the accounting treatment for intangible assets such as products of the company's research.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 61.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the balance sheet provides next to no use in reporting the increasingly significant intangible assets of business entities. The author points out that intangible assets, such as a highly-talented workforce who generate more revenue, represent the major value-drivers of today's economy. The paper relates that attempts to modify the traditional accounting approach have not kept pace with the changes brought bought by these intangibles. The author believes that the new rules penalize the companies, which have experienced a loss of value in their intangible assets through write-offs that immediately reduce earnings. The paper states that the best solution is to recognize intangible assets in the financial statement including the ones developed in-house; however, entities must report the future performance of their intangible assets or their earning potential before they are tested for possible impairment.
Table of Contents:
IAS 38: Intangible Assets
Accounting Rules Fell Short in Valuing Intangibles
Goodwill & Intangibles
Consequences of New Rules
Summary
From the Paper
"Most companies have avoided to report in a comprehensive way about their intangible assets as well as the total performance which includes any significant decrease in the value of the intangibles. These rights and the obligation to regularly valuate goodwill and intangible assets represent a major change in disclosure practice and will affect the behavior of both the managers and investors. When America Online and Time Warner merged, this merger quickly showed how goodwill accounting changes can affect shareholders' interest, and exposed the misjudgments of managers."
| |
|
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2005.
An discussion of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002.
714 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 25.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), a federal law that was passed largely due to accounting scandals involving several large, publicly-held companies, two of which were Enron and WorldCom. The act is also referred to as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002. The paper maintains that one of the more important provisions of the act was the establishment of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), whose five board members are appointed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and are responsible for overseeing the public accounting profession. SOX, and the subsequent PCAOB, have sought to dramatically reduce the impact of corrupt business practice, primarily through tougher regulation of accounting and auditing procedures and mandatory involvement by two of a corporation's top officers. The paper concludes that, while many would not consider it the ideal solution, ethical behavior must often be legislated.
Outline:
Auditors
Corporate Officers and Directors
Disclosure Requirements
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Potential loopholes aside, auditors are now held to a much higher standard legally. Vast restrictions are placed on the number and type of services an auditor may perform in addition to the act of auditing. This makes considerable sense, given that an auditor that provides accounting consultation services to a corporation would be far more inclined to act in a biased manner when auditing his own work. The restrictions are numerous, but the intent remains the same; to preclude any perceived or actual conflicts of interest where the auditor-client relationship is concerned."
|
|
|