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Speech Pathology and the Nervous System, 2008.
This paper discusses speech and language in adults with diseases of the central nervous system.
3,848 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that speech and language difficulties accompany a number of diseases of the central nervous system in adults. The writer points out that sometimes the speech difficulty might be the reason for seeking medical help, or it might be one of many factors that cause a person to seek medical attention. Speech difficulties might arise simultaneously with other symptoms, or they might arise at a different time. A myriad of problems fall under the category of speech and language difficulties. The writer discusses symptoms that range from slurred speech, slow speech and other problems that make it difficult to be understood to more serious difficulties, including a total loss of ability to speak at all. The writer looks at related causes, treatment and therapies. The writer maintains that regardless of the severity of the speech or language difficulty, or its cause, these problems make life difficult for patients and their caregivers.
Outline:
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Speech and Language Therapy in CNS Diseases
Role of the Speech Pathologist
Treatment
From the Paper
"Parkinson's Disease is a dysfunction of the neurotransmitters between the nerve cells. Parkinson's disease destroys brain cells, resulting in a shortage of dopamine. The first signs of Parkinson's are typically subtle, such as softer or slower speech. As the disease progresses, tremors begin, which eventually worsen until hey cause considerable difficulty performing everyday tasks. Treatments to replace dopamine can help to slow the disease.
"Brain injuries are typically not listed under the category of disease. However, they are included in this research because they can cause certain forms of neurological dysfunction that can have an effect of speech and language."
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Environmental Problems in Latin America, 2008.
This paper looks at the pressing environmental issues of genetically modified crop cultivation and deforestation in Latin America, as well as possible solutions.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Latin America has been struggling with some serious environmental concerns over the last two decades. Air and water pollution, pesticide abuse, soil degradation and deforestation are some of the pressing issues in this part of the world. Furthermore, this paper looks at the case of Argentina to see how the country, which has been struggling through an economic crisis, has seen the bitter end of an environmental catastrophe, and its efforts at redeeming the situation. The drastic effects of genetically modified crop cultivation (in particular GM Soya) and deforestation, the two most important environmental issues, are assessed in this essay.
Outline:
Introduction
GM Soya (A boon or Bane?)
Deforestation
Solutions to Environmental Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The FSC, developed after the Rio Digenero summit in 1992, focused on the increased global requirement and the depletion of natural resources. FSC is a non-profit organization that offers environmentally sound solutions for managing forests around the world. Asides playing an active supporting role in developing the national and regional forest management standards, the FSC also works with local certifiers to ensure FSC compliance standards are met. In Argentina, the FSC is playing an active monitoring role, and thus the rapid deforestation activities from the paper and other industries, which were thus far unchecked, would now be carefully monitored and assessed for their environmental impact. The Success of the FSC initiative can be attested by the fact that six plantation companies in the country namely Santa Barbara SRL, Faplac, Fiplasto, Forestal Las Marias, Lipsia, Tabepicua, and the Union Bank of Switzerland have become FSC certified bringing a total forest area of around 131,000 hectares under the FSC certification process."
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Contact Dermatitis, 2008.
This paper discusses the medical issue of contact dermatitis and looks at the Irish laws in this regard for the protection of workers.
4,046 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a medical epidemiology and overview of contact dermatitis, while focusing on the risks and complications associated with contact dermatitis among workers in the construction industry. The writer pays attention to Irish laws in place meant to protect workers from exposure to irritants that may result in contact or allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of contact dermatitis and looked at what actions may be necessary to mitigate risk or provide additional resources for those most at risk for contagion with this known disease.
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Significance of Study
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Critical Evaluation Literature Related to Construction Industry and Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis, Construction and the Irish
Summary of Literature Review
From the Paper
"As more and more construction workers develop symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis, it is more important than ever that researchers focus on ways and methods they can prevent occupational hazards from reducing one's capacity to work or their quality of life. Among the important facts noted in the literature review is the increasing prevalence of contact dermatitis in Ireland and other areas where legislation has been slow to enforce some health and occupational acts that would protect workers from exposure to chemical irritants. Cited in this literature review are cases suggesting that Irish buildings and drinking water are among the primary causes for allergic or irritant contact dermatitis among workers and civilians alike. This serves to emphasize the need for a complete review of contact dermatitis, including its many forms, and an evaluation of the current legislation in place to assess its relevance and whether legislation needs to be improved to protect workers from developing debilitating forms of this condition."
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Effects of Pecan Nuts Ingestion on Plasma Levels, 2008.
An analysis of the increases and decreases of plasma levels following the ingestion of pecan nuts.
7,034 words (approx. 28.1 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This research paper reviews the acute effects of pecan nuts ingestion on plasma levels of nutrients, polyphenols and biomarkers of antioxidant status. It specifically discusses whether, after the consumption of pecans, there is any increase in plasma polyphenol concentration. It also discusses when the peak concentration for polyphenols in plasma occurs, after consumption of a pecan-containing meal. The paper then looks at whether there is there any increase in plasma antioxidant capacity after consumption of pecans. Finally, the paper discusses whether there is any decrease in plasma lipid peroxidation after pecan consumption.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter One
Introduction
Statement Of The Problem
Purpose Of The Study
Research Questions
Chapter II
Literature Review
Introduction
Chemistry, Classification And Distribution
Phenolic Acids
Flavonoids
Lignans
Stillbenes
Tannins
Metabolism
Absorption And Bioavailability Of Polyphenols
Deconjunction And Reconjunction Of Polyphenols
Metabolism By Microflora In Colon
Polyphenol Excretion
Polyphenol Content Of Foods
Polyphenol Content Of Nuts, Pecans, & Other Nuts
Biological Effects Of Polyphenols
Analytical Procedure & Findings Of The Study
Assays
Review Of Postprandial Studies And Effect On Plasma Polyphenols
From the Paper
"The diet is abundant in polyphenols, which are micronutrients. Furthermore there is a great deal of evidence, which exists to demonstrate the role polyphenols play in prevention of certain diseases and including cancer. (Manach et al 2004) The amount consumed and absorbed is the factor that determines the effects to health of polyphenols. In making determination of the absorption of polyphenols following food intake there are two studies that are differential in nature and which are conducted on the basis of both direct and indirect proof of polyphenol availability. Plasma concentrations can provide individual or total polyphenols in plasma and can be measured through use of Folin-Ciocaltau (FC) assay. The Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) is a method used for measurement of the ferric reduction ability of plasma. The ferric tripyridytriazine complex at low pH results in reduction to the ferrous form. Test conditions are favorable to the complex reduction and the development of an intense blue color but only when a reductant or antioxidant is present. Linear rates in absorbance changes are noted over a range with antioxidant mixtures that is wide and includes both plasma and solutions that are inclusive of antioxidants."
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Crohn's and Disability, 2008.
This paper discusses Crohn's disease as a debilitating disorder.
2,623 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that Crohn's disease is a debilitating bowel disease that has no known cause and very limited treatment options. The writer then discusses symptoms and the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The writer maintains that individual and long-term counseling with an individual who is particularly sensitive to the devastating effects of chronic illness, and specifically "invisible" illnesses as one counselor puts it is the key approach to maintenance counseling for Crohn's disease. The writer concludes that just as the disease is variable in individuals so must the approach to resolving the many issues that are faced by individuals who have it.
From the Paper
"The disease itself is a clear robber of vitality, as the individual does not get the needed nutritional elements to gain weight, and in women mature sexually and potentially menstruate for the first time. The body is placed in position of shock with regard to physical growth and development and if the disease's onset is early enough this can stunt growth for life or completely destroy one's body image, another potential psychological problem. Thompson points out that the age group of typical onset is particularly vulnerable to impatience and therefore may feel devastated by the length of time it takes to elicit treatment results, and restore the body to its normal state, and appearance."
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C-Reactive Protein, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the article 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein' by P. Dandona.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Dandona's article entitled 'Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein', centers on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The writer discusses that insulin resistance in type 2 DM predisposes patients to develop cardiovascular disease, and has the associated risk factors for atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. The writer notes that higher CRP concentrations are found in patients with type 2 DM and Dandona theorizes that reducing these concentrations could have clinical benefit. As glucose and lipid levels are also often elevated in type 2 DM patients, an agent that affects all three of these would be beneficial to patients. The writer maintains that Dandona's article is a retrospective exploration of literature on antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic agents which reduce these factors.
Outline:
Abstract
From the Paper
"The complex metabolic disorder that is type 2 DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In addition, due to the patient's insulin resistance, due to impaired insulation secretion and/or insulin action, there is also disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. This predisposes the patient to the development of cardiovascular disease, due to the proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. As Dandona notes, an elevated CRP concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular events, in fact, it is a far better indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) even amongst healthy people. Although previous research indicates that CRP does not initiate atherosclerosis, but instead progresses the disease, the fact that CRP inhibits nitric oxide production suggests that it also has a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis as well."
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DNA Science, 2008.
Looks at the discovery, relevance and controversies surrounding DNA science.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Francis Crick and James Watson are the only names associated with the discovery of the DNA molecule; however, many scientists were involved. The author points out that the technological applications of DNA-science have led to a wide variety of advances in crop production, livestock development, forensic sciences, law enforcement, paternity testing and practically limitless therapeutic medical uses. The author then discusses the latest and most controversial DNA-based research - stem cell science. The author of the paper contends that the primary impetus for the opposition to stem cell research from religious beliefs as well as their intrusion into secular law and bioethics, represents an entanglement of church and state in violation of U.S. constitutional principles.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and History of Discovery
Technological Relevance of DNA Science
Modern Applications of DNA Science
Ethical Controversies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to providing the organs themselves, stem cell technology will also revolutionize the entire organ transplant field by eliminating the need for careful screening and tissue matching, and especially, for anti-rejection drugs. Presently, organ transplantation - whether from living donors or cadavers - requires the recipient to take powerful anti-rejection medications to suppress the body's natural response to foreign tissue, usually for life. Immune-system suppression are a necessary and worthwhile consequence of foreign organ implantation, but only because the alternative is premature death."
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"The Hour of Eugenics", 2008.
An examination of Nancy Stephan's arguments in "The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America."
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Nancy Stephan's work, "The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America," in which she illustrates effectively how race and gender were important tools in the building of nations in Latin America. The paper examines Stephan's arguments and discusses how it relates to the history of eugenics in Mexico and Argentina, in particular.
From the Paper
"In Mexico, there was actually a short-lived experiment with sterilization based on eugenics. The Mexican Society of Eugenics was launched, in 1932, during what Stepan describes as a period of conservatism and political nationalism, a form of extreme patriotism. During this time fanatical declarations by political leaders had great impact. If the Mexican "race" was to be improved and not watered down, some members of the eugenics society declared, sex education was needed and even "eugenic sterilization."
"In 1921 sterilization in Mexico had already been implemented for criminals. And, by 1932, the fanatically anticlerical governor of Veracrux, Adalberto Tejada, authorized the first (and only) eugenic sterilization law in the nation. Tejeda's program of sterilization primarily targeted the Catholic Church than it was for any kind of pure race promotion, but it also was a program that was launched following the successful, science-backed, Mexican sterilization of improving the quality of livestock."
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Uses of Y-chromosomal STR Haplotypes in Forensics, 2008.
An analysis of the uses of Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in forensics and population studies.
18,922 words (approx. 75.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the current and anticipated uses of Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in forensics and population studies. It analyzes the literature regarding the subject and discusses the results and conclusions reached. The paper concludes that the individuality of the male-specific part of the Y chromosome can be optimally explored by the Y-STR haplotype analysis. The paper contains graphs and tables.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Definition of Key Terms
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The research showed that the ability to identify male-specific DNA renders polymorphic Y-chromosomal sequences an invaluable addition to the standard panel of autosomal loci used in forensic genetics. Y-STR haplotyping is particularly important for sensitive typing of male DNA in mixed stains as well as for rapid assortment of biological crime scene evidence. Moreover, Y chromosomal profiling can trace back paternal lineages into the past and has thus been proven a useful tool in genealogical and kinship testing. The research also showed that the individuality of the male-specific part of the Y chromosome can be optimally explored by the Y-STR haplotype analysis using a set of highly variable short tandem repeat markers approved by the forensic and scientific community."
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Biomaterials in Medical Use, 2008.
An extensive overview of the use of medical biomaterials such as polymers implants.
7,005 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that biomaterials are synthetic materials used to replace or restore damaged function. They should be biocompatible, non-toxic and non-carcinogenic. The paper reports that metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are the most commonly used biomaterials. The paper then details their use as synthetic orthopedic, dental and breast implants, in hernia repair, in gene therapy, to replace damaged organs, to enhance bone healing, to store and dispense multiple drug doses and multi-stage vaccines and other uses.
Table of Contents:
Biomaterials in Medical Use
Polymers
Shaped Bodies
The Ideal Materials
ATP Research Fund
PolyHap Implants for Damaged Faces
Polymer Chip
Anti-bacterial Implants
Breast Implants
Polyurethane-covered Implants
Benefits and Contraindications
Benefits
Contraindications
Implants for Malignant Gliomas
BCNU/Gliadel
Polymer Technology
Periodontium Regenerating System
The Invention's Specifics
The Future is Biodegradable
Hernia Device
Summary
From the Paper
"Periodontal disease affects up to 90% of the population and surgery has been the first choice of therapy. Surgery, however, does not restore lost periodontium. Restoration can happen if periodontal ligament cells can colonize root surfaces over gingival epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts or osteoblasts. The application of microporous membranes under periodontal flaps during surgery eventually brought this effect about. A biodegradable membrane would make a follow-up surgery unnecessary and benefit both patient and surgeon from further health condition and cost."
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Sensory Adaptation, 2008.
An examination of sensory adaptation.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses sensory adaption, in which the nerves begin to cease to send as much information to the brain after a prolonged exposure to stimuli.That paper points out that this occurs in all five senses of smell, taste, touch, hearing, and sight. The paper holds that adaptation is a normal part of sensation in the human body, with all sensing receptors of the body sending messages to the areas of the brain that process and deal with it, the occipital area and the thalamus. The paper concludes that, when the senses become overloaded, the sections of the brain, as well as the nerves, adapt to the increased intense stimuli by shutting it off to some extent, and in some cases altogether, until a change in sensation occurs.
From the Paper
"The nose senses odors by picking up miniscule odor-bearing particles which are floating about in the air we are breathing. When these particles intercept the moist nerve endings in the interior of the nose, called the sensory receptor cells, there is a spike in the pattern of nerve impulses sent to the thalamus. The nerves may continue to send intense stimulation for a while, but eventually the perception of the intensity declines. This is neurologically explained by the adaptation phenomena. The nerve endings begin to adapt to the new odor and consider it normal, thus ceasing to send so much information about the foreign element in the air with a coordinating decline in the frequency of impulses. Within the brain, the thalamus ceases to respond to an intense pattern of stimulation, as well. Once the odor is gone (say, you walk out of a foul-smelling room), your nose tells you that there is a change once more, perhaps a more pleasant odor it detects (Typo 1)."
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The Body-Mind Relationship, 2008.
This paper studies the implications of biology in the treatment of mental health patients.
4,526 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the biology of behavior, referring to neurophysiology, neurochemistry and hormonal influences as they contribute to the development of behavior, learning, memory, emotions and specific disorders. The paper discusses the disconnect between biology and psychology and the disturbing implications for mental health practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the course of the twentieth century, research into the development of the human mind has led to a more integral understanding of behavior, learning and cognition. Although the insight garnered through research has answered a number of pertinent questions, the reality is that this research has raised as many, if not more, questions than it is has answered. This is because as understanding of the human mind expands, the relationship between the body and the mind becomes more integrated and complex, requiring researchers to understand both dimensions of human existence in order to garner a complete comprehension of the human experience."
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The Human Respiratory System, 2008.
An explanation of how the human respiratory system works.
1,967 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the workings of the human respiratory system, explaining its complexities, describing some chronic respiratory disorders that cause high fatality rates. The author has included an image for reference.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Tuberculous
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The human respiratory system is a well-developed and complex system involving many different organs such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea and the lungs. Though the actual physiological function of breathing begins only at birth, the development of the respiratory tract, the diaphragm and the lungs occur much earlier in the embryonic stage. Structural and functional changes continue from infancy to adulthood and into old age, as the respiratory system matures with age. There are various diseases of the respiratory system such as asthma, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, lung cancer, etc. While Asthma is a genetic disease, Tuberculosis, lung cancer, etc, are acquired pulmonary diseases. Life style and environmental factors are important in contributing to and increasing the susceptibility to respiratory disorders. The following discussion includes a brief overview of the structural development of the human respiratory system followed by an overview of COPD and Tuberculosis, two of the prevalent diseases of the respiratory system, and their impact on occupational performance."
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Coral Reefs, 2008.
This paper investigates coral reefs and the environmental danger to them.
4,520 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper describes different types of coral reefs from the Australia's Great Barrier Reef to the small, isolated coral heads sprouting out of sandy or grassy sea bottoms called patch reefs. The paper relates that the loss of coral reefs represents a serious threat to essential bio-diversity. The paper also discusses the many threats to the coral, which are killing them, and the national and international initiatives to save these reefs. I
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What Is Coral
Biological Importance
Economic Benefits of the Coral Reefs
Threats to the Coral Reefs
National Initiatives
International Initiatives
From the Paper
"The term coral is used to refer both to the animal itself and to the cement-like substance it manufactures in its body to build a reef. The animal was long thought to be a plant. In 1726, a French naturalist named Jean Andre Peysonne found that these 'plants' were actually animals belonging to the phylum of coelenterates. Coral is a very simple organism. It has a tiny, transparent, gelatinous body enclosed in a tube with an opening at one end, and around this opening--which functions both as a mouth and as a passage to excrete wastes--is a ring of tiny tentacles ,which gather in the animal's food."
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Women and Relationships: Evolutionary Standpoint, 2008.
This paper discusses human sexual behavior and mating choices from a female evolutionary standpoint, focusing special attention to how the roles of women have changed in modern society.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the study of human sexual behavior and human sex differences, which has been approached from many different points and in recent years has been viewed through the lens of evolutionary theory. Evolution tries to explain human bodies, and also human minds and behaviors, and it explains not only vague human potentials and capacities but also things far more specific about ourselves than we had thought possible. However, despite agreement on the evolutionary theories, many writers could not accurately explain the idea of human mating choices. Earlier theorists and writers have adhered to the earlier concepts of mating and choices of men and women while changes developed in their roles. For example, women became more open in their relationships with men instead of being a subdued partner. This paper discusses the way these changes have been seen in the current roles of women.
Outline:
Introduction
Changes & Researches
The stereotypes
Preferences for Short & Long Term Relationships
Attractiveness
The Other Side of Beauty
Working/Powerful Women
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The perception is that males assign so much importance to attractiveness that when constrained they ignore personal attributes that appear to be critical for the viability of a long-term romantic relationship. A major drawback of explanations based on social theories is that they do not specify why people in diverse societies assign great importance to attractiveness in the first place. Because attractiveness signals attributes that are crucial for reproductive success, attractive people are pursued by many as potential mates, inculcating and reinforcing their beliefs about their greater desirability compared to unattractive people. The possession of highly sought-after traits would allow attractive people to be choosy, demanding, and less compromising in relationships. Attractive women were perceived to be vain, dishonest, less moral, to have a lack of concern for others, and to be more sexually provocative than less-attractive females. Such a cluster of negative attributes or the other side of the attractiveness stereotype is difficult to explain on the basis of social theories of stereotype formation. An alternative explanation would be that attractive females do, at least occasionally, engage in behaviors that are not held in high regard, thereby giving the 'darker side of beauty' some basis in truth (Alley & Hildebrandt, 1988). The stereotypical belief that attractive women are not very faithful, although consistent with the findings of the darker side of attractiveness, creates a puzzle as attractive women are also rated as most desirable for a long-term relationship. This shows that the female must offer some other qualities as well."
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Endangered Marine Life, 2008.
An analysis of the effects of pollution on marine life.
2,723 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to provide an analysis of the pseudorca crassidens, phocoenoides dalli, and Cephalorhynchus eutropia. Information about the phylum, class, order, family and genus, as well as background information and the effects of human interaction are provided for each species. Because the effects of pollution are similar for all three species and marine life in general, the paper closes by providing a section dedicated to pollution and its effects on these species, marine life in general and human beings.
Outline:
Introduction
Pseudorca Crassidens - False Killer Whale Species
Effects of Pollution
Effects of Human Interactions
Efforts to Control Pollution or Humanitarian Efforts
Phocoenoides Dalli - Dalli's Porpoise
Background on Species
Effects of Human Interactions
Efforts to Control Pollution or Humanitarian Efforts
Cephalorhynchus Eutropia
Background on Species
Effects of Human Interactions
Efforts to Control Pollution or Humanitarian Efforts
Effects of Pollution on Marine Life
From the Paper
"Pseudorca crassidens are not a species of dolphin that humans tend to hunt for commercial purposes, thus they live is slightly less influenced by human interaction than other species. However, many are caught as "bycatch" most commonly in places that allows "long-line fishing" (MarineBio.org, 2007). Some believe however, despite the fact that these dolphins or marine mammals are not hunted specifically, may be "genetically extinct, with less than 80 or so species found off the coast of Hawaii" where these mammals typically swim and linger (MarineBio.org, 2007). Because of the lack of genetic diversity there is some risk for mutations, which ultimately will lead to their demise. At this point there is little humans can do to correct past wrongs to remedy this situation. "
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Neurocreation, 2008.
A look at the proposed life of a jelly fish thousands of feet below sea level.
3,033 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a jellyfish living at 3,000 feet below the surface of the sea. It describes the key functions of this jellyfish, including procreation, locomotion, fight or flight, courtship, distance (smell) and touch (taste) reception. The paper concludes that the jellyfish described in the paper is able to combine most of the senses, locomotory impulses, sexual behavior and eating of more sophisticated organisms with a fairly straightforward and primitive nerve system. The paper includes an image of the jellyfish, several illustrations, and a table.
Outline:
Introduction
Primary Morphology of the jellyfish
Morphology of the Jellyfish
Anatomy of Major Cell Groups
Muscle Cells
Eyes
Skeletal Cells
Tentacles
Feeding, Locomotion, Courtship, Fight or Flight
Nerve Action: Smell
Central Nervous System Morphology
Proprioceptive Nerve Impulses
Vision Nervous Response and Courtship/Mating
Feeding and Satiety
Locomotion Detection
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"When the jellyfish tentacles touch a body, sense (taste) elements determine if it is food or a predator. It will sting whatever it comes in contact with; the chemicals in the poison are predigestion chemicals, which combine with the cells of the stung creature in a way that breaks cell membranes and releases chemicals which the sensory (taste) bundles in the tips of the tentacles can use to determine if the creature is food or a predator. In the case of a predator, the jellyfish will not activate the "bring to stomach" mode; in the case of food, the jellyfish activates muscles which cause contraction of the tentacles, which are attached to the prey via the physical hooks of the stingers. The default is "food," in which case poison darts are injected and the food is pulled up to the gut. The morphology of the tentacles is such that, by contracting, the tentacles automatically move towards the gut in a coordinated fashion."
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Cell Adhesion, 2008.
This paper discusses cell adhesion and looks at its implications for human development.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that upon close examination, the enormous complexities of the human body become increasingly clear and it is truly a wonder that everything works together as well as it does. A number of developmental and regulatory processes contribute to this remarkable development, including cell adhesion. The writer points out that in fact, if it were not for the bipolar nature of water and neural cell adhesion molecules, the cellular composition of humankind would not even be possible. To determine what cell adhesion is and what its implications are for human development, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature, followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion. This paper includes figures.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Implications of Disruptions in Cell Adhesion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, many fortuitous practical outcomes have been serendipitously realized through such scientific discoveries, but this one in particular appears to hold some exciting promises for improvements in the human condition in the years to come as the Baby Boomer generation continues to reach retirement age and begins to increasingly experience the ravages of diseases associated with old age.
"Cell adhesion it not restricted to the human species, of course, but plays an important role throughout the animal kingdom. Early studies of cell adhesion resulted in the discovery of cell adhesion molecules which have been shown to guide the fundamental processes by which animals achieve their ultimate shape and form, and by which nervous systems are formed."
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Hypertension, 2008.
This research paper discusses the prevalence of hypertension in the U.S.A.
6,564 words (approx. 26.3 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 150.95
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Abstract
In this research, the writer notes that the issue of hypertension is one that has become a serious medical and healthcare concern over the last decade. The writer further points out that the prevalence of hypertension is seen by many medical experts as a critical issue in terms of its affect on national health and on the economy and society in general. This paper analyzes and discusses the prevalence of hypertension with regard to its general effects on the health profile of the United States and on the different sectors of the population. Prevalence is also analyzed in terms of important variables, such as race, gender and age. The paper also includes tables and colored graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definitions and Overview
Literature Review
Methodology
Prevalence and Distribution
Overview of the United States
Age
Race and Gender
Other Demographic and Population Variables
Causative Factors
Summation and Conclusion
References
Appendix
From the Paper
"The central methodological approach that was used in this dissertation was a comprehensive and inclusive collation and analysis of the available literature on the subject. A variety of sources, including offline and online databases were consulted in order to structure a central database of theories, views and data on the issue of the prevalence of hypertension.
"Many of the studies and research articles available deal with the more in-depth medical understanding of this problem. Throughout the initial phases of the study and in the process of writing, the focus was on the theme and implications of the prevalence of hypertension. This central focal trajectory was used in the selection of material and in the assessment of the available statistical and other data. The aim of this approach was however not be exclusionary or selective but rather to analyze the material available as it reflected on and related to the central concern of hypertension relevance."
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