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The Social Impact of Robots, 2007.
This paper discusses the new generation of consumer robots in Japanese society.
1,372 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, while industrial robots have been around for some time, humanoid robots, designed to function as partners of human beings, are making their way onto the marketplace and into mainstream society. The paper discusses how Japanese society is embracing this new generation of robots that are designed to make their lives easier at home and at work. The paper details how Japan is leading the world in a new generation of consumer robots; robots that enter the workplace as receptionists, night watchmen, hospital workers, guides and even as personal companion pets!
From the Paper
"From 1952-1968, Tetsuwan Astomu, known outside Japan as Astro Boy, was a popular cartoon series created by Japanese cartoonist Osamu Tezuka (Robot). Astro Boy, supposedly born in 2003, went on to become a television series that ran from 1963-1966, with a new version running from 1980-1981 (Robot). Robots are no longer things of the distant future, but are beginning to appear throughout society for numerous and various purposes (Robot)."
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Shusaku Endo's "Silence", 2007.
This paper reviews and analyzes Shusaku Endo's novel "Silence".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Shasaku Endo's novel "Silence", which described the persecution of Japanese Christians during the 17th century. The reviewer contends that sacrifice and unconditional love clashed with the persistence of the Japanese trait of a conditional, and sometimes inflexible, view of life, an outlook which may have contributed to the persecution. The protagonist, Father Rodrigues, and his dilemmas are described, as well as his ultimate choices. The reviewer sees Endo's characterization of Father Rodrigues as universal, in that his character represents every individual who has been compelled by circumstances to question his faith.
From the Paper
"The protagonist of the novel, Father Rodrigues, characterizes the individual whose being Christian makes him subject to criticism and persecution in Japan. In fact, Endo's characterization of Father Rodrigues is universal, in that his character represents every individual who was compelled, by circumstances, to question his faith in the god he believes in. Father Rodrigues is the representative of every believing individual who seeks truth in life through religion."
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Global eBusiness Marketing, 2007.
This paper provides a discussion of international marketing issues and difficulties for an Australian firm undertaking market research in Vietnam.
4,994 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that in an increasingly globalized marketplace, it is vitally important for enterprises of all types to have reliable and timely information concerning the markets in which they compete. The writer maintains that it is reasonable to assume that obtaining real-world and real-time information about a particular country, especially in developing nations where corruption, piracy or other illegal trade practices are rampant but might not be readily discernible from an outsider's perspective, will play a crucial role in an international venture and will assume new levels of importance in the future. To this end, this paper provides a critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to determine the best approach to conducting market research in emerging economies such as Vietnam. This includes whether to use an Australian or locally based research firm to conduct market research for a given product or service. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
General Market Research Considerations
Market Research Considerations in Emerging Nations in General and Vietnam in Particular
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While there are proven approaches that can be followed for domestic or international market research purposes, the question of whether to conduct such market research in-house or to outsource this need to a third-party provider in a host country has become another issue that may not have an easy answer because there are a number of factors to be taken into account in making this determination. For example, if a company outsources their market research needs for a given country to an in-country provider, there may be some fundamental communication issues that will adversely affect the ability of the commissioning company to reap the benefits of such research. According to a study by Scipione, a number of descriptive words and phrases can play a crucial role in creating magnitude or value impressions in the minds of persons who read market research reports and then make business decisions based on them."
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Environmental Problems and Social Action, 2007.
This paper attempts to reveal how social conscience and action can change environmental policy for the better in Japan.
2,978 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the environmental problems in Japan and then explores how these problems can be affected by social actions aimed at decreasing the intensity of contaminants, stopping environmental degradation, preserving organic assets and controlling wastages. The paper discusses the need for social groups to provide the producers and customers obvious indications about the price of employing ecological and organic assets. The paper also talks about the efforts that Japan must make to reinforce legislative and organizational formations managing ecological supervision. The paper concludes by pointing out that, while Japan has its own environmental problems to deal with, the solution to these problems cannot be executed in other countries as every government and social group varies.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Fiscal Measures
Amalgamation
Environmental Audit
Environmental Statistics
Public Partnership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The post-industrialization era in Japan has radically transformed its political landscape, along with its societal elites and non-profit social organizations. Furthermore, a new mode of relationship has been discovered between the individual members of the society and nature. This is being thoroughly nurtured by non-profit social groups and organizations through collective social action (John et al, 1987). It is important to note here that social action ought to be backed by political influence. However, political influence varies from one part of the country to another (Yasumasa, 2001). For instance, social actions taken in Tokyo may have more political influence than social action taken in a remote city of Japan."
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Vietnam Memoirs, 2007.
An analysis of two memoirs set in Vietnam: "A Vietcong Memoir", by Truong Nhu Tang, and "The Sacred Willow: Four Generations in the life of a Vietnamese Family", by Duong Van Mai Elliot.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the message of Tang's memoir emerges clearly and eloquently. The paper further explains that Tang's message was that the war was indeed a war of liberation from the point of view of the ordinary Vietnamese, but that the ideals that motivated the forces of liberation became corrupted when the revolutionary regime came to power. The paper explores how the target audience of the memoir is likely those who would still debate the war's necessity and the extent of Soviet influence in motivating the original struggle. The paper then analyzes how Elliot's memoir emerges out of a more personal need to chronicle the experiences of her family during a difficult time, and to show how in a war there are no winners, no matter what side one becomes affiliated with.
From the Paper
"Nor should Elliot's experience should not be read as a 'perfect' embodiment of the anti-communist journey of an ordinary Vietnamese woman. Although younger than Tang, she was also descended from a highly influential family in South Vietnam, whose aristocratic roots extended even before French control. She had an older sister who later married a Communist, although her brothers supported the anti-communist fighters. Because her grandfather was a mandarin, or highly placed official, as was her father in the French colonial government, political debate was a part of her daily life. Socially and culturally both Elliot and Tang came from a higher echelon of society than the average Vietnamese person, and from families with a greater articulated political commitments, that extended beyond the family's personal concerns for its welfare."
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Filial Piety, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of filial piety among East Asian cultures.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that in many Asian cultures, loyalty plays an extremely important part in all areas of life. This is particularly true in professional and family life. As such, the writer explains that certain roles have been determined not only for the different professions, but also for the genders and their roles in family life. As part of the loyalty paradigm, filial piety is an East Asian tradition that has shown a tenacity above all others. The writer points out that this tradition focuses on the family, and particularly upon children and how they should treat their parents. The writer discusses that with the mixture of various cultures often resulting from globalization however, there has been a shift in focus from the importance of honoring and caring for parents towards a more Westernized, exploratory spirit among the East Asian youth. The writer then notes that the cultural evolution in these nations provides evidence of the changing values resulting from this change of viewpoint.
From the Paper
"According to Kyu-taik Sung, for example, industrialization and urbanization have brought about a change in filial piety that is less based on constrictive rules than on affection and reciprocity. While honoring parents during their role in the young child's life and caring for them during old age are still seen as extremely important, this importance is now based upon a different set of values. Filial piety is no longer a value that is inherently a parental right, regardless of how children were treated. Instead, evolution has proved that reciprocal respect and affection are more effective as a basis of filial piety. It is also however important to note that the importance and form of the basic tradition has not change. Parents are acknowledged for their role in the young child's life by being cared for in their old age. In this way, children traditionally show their love and appreciation for the effort that the parents made during their lives. This is however a simplified and very general view. East Asian countries, like the rest of the world, are exposed to Westernized television and values. These values necessarily communicate themselves to impressionable youthful minds, and are subsequently often manifest in rebellious behavior that had previously been unheard of."
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Disneyland in Hong Kong, 2007.
An analysis of the successes and problems that Disneyland in Hong Kong has faced since its opening.
3,126 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the multi-national corporation of Disneyland in Hong Kong. The paper describes the theme park and discusses how Disneyland in Hong Kong has attracted high visitor numbers to the park. It also discusses how, since its start in September last year, the park has been plagued with problems. The paper discusses some of those problems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Company Background
Hong Kong
Operations
Globalization Strategies
Inter-company Collaboration
Compliance with Government Regulations
Current Issues
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"This early, the Disneyland in Hong Kong is ridden with disputes and difficulties (Great Holidays and Hotels 2004). A Singaporean woman sued the company for the death of her mother who was made to wait three hours for an ambulance at the Park. The mother was pronounced dead of congested arteries upon arrival at the hospital. The daughter claimed that Disney did not offer first aid when her mother fell ill and made to wait for half an hour for a bus to the Hong Kong Disneyland hotel. For its part, Disney said that is staff handled the situation in the most appropriate manner possible and had given immediate attention (Great Holidays and Hotels). This was just the latest of Hong Kong Disneyland's troubles with its public and legal image."
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The Far East, 2007.
A discussion on the Far East, including studies on Taiwan, Japan and Korea.
2,758 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan and Korea. The paper includes country studies on these areas, including descriptions of native festivals and cultural differences. The writer discusses western fascination with the cultures of the Orient. The paper further includes a discussion on native foods and public holidays.
Outline:
Introduction
China and Hong Kong
Taiwan
Japan
Korea
References
From the Paper
"For centuries festivals in Japan have been more a way of life than a mere reason for celebration. While many of the popular festivals in Japan are based on long standing legends others celebrate the coming and passing of the seasons. Festivals in Japan are a time to relax with family members, a time to eat and drink and a time to celebrate Japan's rich spiritual culture.
They range from the bizarre - at Kanamara Matsuri the locals parade a large pink penis up and down the main street - to the spectacular - during the Cherry Blossom festival parks across Japan become awash in a sea of pink blossoms."
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Training Tourism Workers, 2007.
A research study that aims to develop and evaluate a curriculum model and a set of core competencies which provides effective tourism education and training of front-line tourism workers in Thailand.
3,309 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that The World Trade Organization (WTO) has forecast that Thailand can expect to receive 36 million tourists in the year 2020. The paper discusses how the tourism industry will be quite challenged by this projection. The paper reviews relevant literature that shows how the ability to interact with cultures other that one's own is critical for those employed in this industry. Literature also shows how core competencies must consist of skills that are transferable to their work in the tourism industry.
Outline:
Aim of Research
Research Objectives
Research Questions
Key Terms and Definitions
Introduction
Review of Literature
Tourism Education and Training
Core Competencies
Curriculum Model
Front-line Workers
Proposed Conceptual Framework
Research Methodology
From the Paper
"In 1998 Thailand recorded visitor arrivals totalling 7.76 million which was an increase of 7.53 percent from 1997 and arrivals increased 11.14 percent over 1998 totals in 1999. Major realignment has taken place in Thailand's marketing plans where advertising budgets were cut and promotional offices abroad have been closed. New markets have been tapped as well as new forms of distribution which had as its' focus direct contact between the buyers and sellers in the tourism market. Stated is "...an increasing trend toward partnerships and pooling of resources as a means of maximizing the promotional dollar by integrating all the stakeholders from transportation and commerce in health and retail..." (Asia & The Pacific, 1999)"
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International Strategies, 2007.
This paper discusses international strategies using the U.S. foreign policy toward Vietnam as the example.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many people think of foreign policy as exclusively pertaining to military action but, in reality, international strategies can pertain to all aspects of international affairs, including diplomacy, economic assistance and developmental assistance. The author points out that, using the international strategy called development assistance, the U.S. helped South Vietnam build its infrastructure and economy and provided many new products to be used for agricultural production. The paper relates that, as part of its foreign policy, the United States educates the world about America and implementing American products, ideas and cultures in different countries; thereby, McDonald's and The Gap have set-up shops in the cities of Vietnam and are doing a huge business.
Table of Contents:
How the U.S. Implements Strategies in Vietnam
Diplomatic Relations
Broad Foreign Policy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Diplomacy is a strategy used by many nations including the United States in resolving issues without resorting to war. The issues can be military issues, economic issues, social or cultural issues. They have a potentially negative impact on their relationships between the two nations or they have the ability to create tension that could ultimately lead to war. The diplomats that are chosen to represent each nation are chosen for their lifetime achievements and their well known ability to mediate and help resolve situations that can become volatile."
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Video Games and the Vietnamese Market, 2006.
An in-depth discussion on the introduction of video games to Vietnam.
6,377 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Electronic Arts, Inc., one of the major players in the video game industry. The paper attempts to assess the viability of further extending the company's operations into Vietnam. The paper reviews and analyzes the relevant and scholarly literature to develop a sound basis for the summary and recommendations supplied in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The report also suggests that the idea that software piracy only adversely affects large Western software producers such as Electronic Arts is completely misguided. In this regard, Piazza reports that, "Foreign software makers can spread the piracy risk across multiple markets while local producers take the full brunt of piracy" (2003, p. 44). Although the company has taken the same precautions that are available to all video gaming manufacturers in attempting to protect its products from such piracy, the fact remains that it is a simple matter to copy the company's products and it can reasonably be expected that this practice will continue unabated until the government of Vietnam is able to establish more stringent controls. "
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National Security Affairs of Vietnam, 2006.
A review of Vietnam's national security affairs.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an exploration of the national security affairs of Vietnam. It examines Vietnam's major and minor adversaries and discusses the national purpose of Vietnam and how that interest creates international conflict or affects international relations. The paper also uncovers the source of power for Vietnam and summarizes any threat that Vietnam is currently facing.
Outline:
Introduction
Major Adversary
Minor Adversary
National Purpose
Ideologies
National Threat
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The national purpose of Vietnam is three fold. The first purpose that the nation has is to rebuild its highways, roads, bridges, trade industry and agricultural abilities that were destroyed during the conflict. This has been a steady goal of the nation since the 1970's.
The second purpose of Vietnam is to develop strong relations with the United States. The United States has recently become the number one trading partner with Vietnam. The exports and imports of the nations currently total $4 billion annually with growth on the horizon. The continued friendship between the United States and Vietnam is important as a national purpose for Vietnam as it continues to avoid China's watchful eye and wrath.
As long as Vietnam and the United States remain friendly and continue to build relations Vietnam will feel more comfortable if a face off with China ever occurs. With the US as an ally it is probable that China will think twice before making any move in the direction of Vietnam(Heitzman, 1991). "
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Sweatshops in China, 2006.
A discussion regarding the labor practices in Chinese sweatshops.
2,518 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of labor in China, focusing specifically on sweatshops and unions. The paper explores what a sweatshop is, why they still exist in China and what the American labor movement is doing to try and stop them.
Outline:
Introduction
The Outcry
Defining the Term
Focus on China
American Union Response
Chinese Worker Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While her case brought international attention to the issue there are hundreds of thousands of identical sweatshops throughout China employing many millions of men, women and children who are trapped in a cycle that they cannot break. The pay is so substandard that they often find they have to live with dozens of other people in a single home so that they can afford to buy food. Even given this effort the food that they can afford is often substandard therefore the nutritional needs are not being met. This cycle is difficult to break as they do not make enough money to provide for their families while they begin new jobs or careers. "
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Is China a Threat to the U.S. Economy?, 2007.
This paper analyzes whether the growing Chinese economy is a threat to the United States.
1,481 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how many people feel threatened by the rapid growth of China's economy. Some are concerned that China's large population of low-cost workers will eventually damage the United States' economy. Many worry that China's inexpensive goods will cause trade problems. Despite these concerns, the paper notes that China's growing and evolving market actually presents opportunities for the U.S. economy. The paper explains that China's rapid economic growth has helped improve the world's economy and the U.S. is strong enough to compete with the Chinese companies. The paper adds that Americans stand to benefit by learning from current Chinese values: a hardworking attitude, entrepreneurship, ambition and problem-solving abilities.
From the Paper
"China's fast economic growth, foreign direct investment, and large share in foreign trade markets confirm that China is indeed a rising economic power (Lardy, 2002). For this reason, many Americans are quick to blame China for a loss of jobs in the U.S. and for the increasing bilateral trade deficit that the United States has with China. However, it is also important to consider China as the fastest-growing large U.S. export market and see the opportunities rather than just the threats."
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The Han Dynasty, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from about 200 B.C. to about 220 A.D.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes Chinese history. The paper takes a look at the Han Dynasty, focusing specifically on the tombs of the time, especially the Mawangdui tomb. According to the paper, cave like tombs were as important to the Chinese as the Pyramids were to ancient Egyptians. Imperial Chinese families were buried in the royal tombs, along with many items necessary for a happy life after death. The paper discusses how the Han Dynasty created some of the most remarkable Chinese burial tombs, and created the great trade route known as the Silk Road, which greatly aided China and Asia in world trade.
From the Paper
"Two of the tombs contained numerous fragments and entire pieces of silk material, which are some of the first silk remnants found in China. Cang's wife was found wrapped in eighteen layers of fine silk, while there were numerous silk manuscripts found in all the tombs. The excavation is the oldest known in China, and so indicates the first silk findings in the country's history. They indicate early silk was exceptionally light, delicate, and beautiful, but under the right conditions, it survived thousands of years. Most people associate silk with garments and even home decor, but the finds in the Mawangdui indicate silk had another very important use in preserving Chinese culture. Scholars used silk as a writing medium, and bound the delicate silk pages into books. Over 30 of these books were unearthed in the Mawangdui tombs, and they indicate the level of learning and scholarly discourse during the zenith of the Han Dynasty. Archaeologists also found maps painted on silk, and silk T-shaped wall hangings depicting life and culture during the Han Dynasty (Doar). Thus, the Mawangdui tombs represent one of the most important excavations in Chinese history, especially when it comes to the significance of silk in the culture and society."
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Economic Growth in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2007.
This paper examines the economic performance of the Asia-Pacific region and its relationship to foreign direct investment (FDI).
2,177 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how growth in the Asia-Pacific region has been explosive, largely due to the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at theories of the positive and negative consequences of FDI in the growth and economic development of developing countries. The paper explains that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country, especially one that is developing, is important; it helps them to receive more credit, allows them to do more with the capital that they have and ensures that their currency is more valuable. The paper points out that there should be a higher FDI in many of the developing countries and notes that China is receiving much more FDI than the other developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Factors
Institutional Structure
Environment and Economic Growth Performance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The productivity that is seen in these developing economies is highly important. Productivity is raised when FDI is involved, largely due to the fact that more people in the host country are able to get jobs. Many of these developing countries are not able to support themselves very well, and many of their people are very poor (Wakeman, 1984). When foreign investors become more involved in a country, they bring jobs, and they bring wages that are usually quite respectable for that particular country. This is a strong incentive for individuals in that country to seek employment at the new business, and therefore the people that do receive employment there will want to work very hard to ensure the safety of their jobs and to attempt to get raises and promotions (Wakeman, 1984)."
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Breast Cancer Risk Factors, 2007.
A discussion on breast cancer risk factors in Japanese-Americans.
7,696 words (approx. 30.8 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, when Japanese women move to the United States and adopt an American life-style, their risk of getting breast cancer almost doubles. The paper examines the importance of this fact in the search for better ways to prevent and cure the disease. The paper further examines how these factors suggest that the breast cancer rates among these groups may be due to behavioral factors that can be altered to lower breast cancer rates for all women, regardless of genetic make-up or exogenous factors.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study Population
Literature Review:
The Risk Factors
Clues from Other Ethnic Groups
Assessing the Risk in Japanese Americans
Meta-analysis of the Studies
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"One of the major problems found among this population is that they tend ignore activities leading to early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, their cancer is in an advanced stage long before it is diagnosed. For instance, 48% of Filipino women fail to receive pap smears at the recommended time. Nearly 25% of Filipino women and 38% of Korean women do not get colorectal cancer screening at the recommended time (Maxwell, Bastani, and Warda, 2000). No information was found for the Japanese population. Approximately 79% of Asian-born Asian American women who develop breast cancer have greater proportion of tumors larger than 1 cm at the time of diagnosis (Hedeen, White, and Taylor, 1999). This indicates an absence of breast self-examinations among this population and mammography for early detection. This was confirmed by a study conducted by (Tang, Solomon, Yeh, and Worden, 1999)."
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Fashion Marketing, 2007.
A research proposal about the influence Western culture has on the fashion marketing industry in Thailand.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the researcher proposes examining the ways in which fashion, pop icons, singers, actors and other celebrities influence fashion trends and marketing techniques adopted in Thailand. The researcher aims to accomplish this through survey questionnaires mailed to a selected population of Thai citizens aged 18-40. The researcher expects the results of the study to show that the West has had a significant impact on Thai fashion marketing, especially within the last decade.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review - Historical Background
Methods
From the Paper
"Many have linked modernization with Asia as Westernization, claming that much of what occurs within Asia revolves around changes in Western culture (Sheridan, 1999). This is evidenced in many ways, including by examining the influence Western culture has had on Asian culture with respect to popular culture, media and even fashion (Sheridan, 1999). There is direct and indirect evidence that the West has had a dramatic impact on Asian culture in the last several decades (Sheridan, 1999)."
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Eastern Religions, 2006.
A discussion on four Eastern religious traditions---Hinduism, Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Hinduism teaches that there are different methods by which a person can reach "god" or a place of spiritual awareness and peace--- karma, jnana, and bhakti. It points out that Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism, which are of the Japanese religious tradition, are influenced significantly by Hinduism especially the conceptions of the divine and of human nature. The paper relates that these Eastern religious traditions are present in many aspects of Western life especially in popular culture media, such as movies like "The Matrix" trilogy.
From the Paper
"The first method, karma, is something that we have no control over in the afterlife-after one has lived a life, performed certain actions, and behaved in a certain manner, your reward or punishment will be meted out via karmic action. Dependent upon one's caste, karma can be "undone" through "asceticism, meditation, devotions to and worship of the gods." Karma is really not a method of reaching god, since it is dependent on other actions and beliefs for its determinations. Those beliefs and actions are better personified by the two methods of achieving spiritual consciousness, jnana and bhakti."
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