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Japanese Culture, 2007.
This paper discusses Japanese culture in the past and present.
1,469 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the post-modern Japanese cultural society and its effects. The paper focuses on cultural deviations that did not exist in the past. The paper examines Japanese youth culture, women's role in Japanese culture as well as Japanese pop culture.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Youth Culture
Role of women
Popular Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The youth culture in Japan has evolved a lot since the last fifty years. Youth culture was quite restricted due to the strong influence of the military. The Japanese defeat during World War II badly affected the Japanese society. Japan did make a lot of progress through industrialization and urbanization, which brought an increase to the middle class. The youth culture was disillusioned with life there and this sparked a lot of protests against the political structure. The youth community was looking to implement communal values originating from the rural communities and not urban values."
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India-U.S. Relations, 2007.
Discussion of the developing political and economic relationship between the United States and India.
2,693 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the historic relationship between the United States and India, from its fragile beginnings to the current strengthening of ties. Several issues are addressed that have contributed to the relationship between the two nations. These include the Cold War, economic cooperation between the US and India, and India's security issues. The author believes that India and the United States are still in the early stages of what will hopefully be a strong and prosperous friendship. The writer concludes that decades of mistrust and friction must be resolved if relations are to fully flourish.
Outline
A History of Wariness
Economic Cooperation Between the US and India
Security Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States was frustrated by its inability to win influence in this strategic nation that serves as a jumping point to Asia and the Middle East. Even after the Cold War, the United States' relationship with India remained rocky over issues such as nuclear proliferation, India's conflict with Pakistan, and high trade tariffs. However, a new era seems to be dawning in U.S-Indian relations. Both sides have begun to look past historically divisive issues and to focus on natural synergies between the nations, particularly in the area of economic cooperation. Despite growing economic ties between the nations and increased understanding over India's nuclear status, significant issues still remain in the development of a solid partnership between India and the United States."
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Confucian Values and Jen, 2007.
Description of the value known as "Jen" and its role in Confucian thought.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the evolution and importance of the Confucian value known as "jen." First, the author defines this term, and how its meaning has changed over the centuries. Then concrete examples from diverse historic events are used to illustrate this concept. The author concludes with an example of how one behaves using the character trait of "jen" in today's society.
From the Paper
"And moreover, Ssu-ma Niu inquired about Goodness; and the Master explained that the jen (the Good) man is "chary of speech" (chary also embraces the concept of jen), but Ssu-ma Niu wasn't doing well at understanding that reference. So the Master, and all readers of Confucian thought now know what the Master means, right? Not completely. The Master is somewhat mysterious about the meaning, and he is not trying to be rude by his evasiveness, and yet he uses humor. "Seeing that the doing of it is so difficult, how can one be otherwise than chary of talking about it." He is making a pun by saying the Good man is chary of speech and secondly, he is simply implying that his mysterious response is due to the fact that Ssu-ma Niu is not yet qualified to learn the true meaning; it will not be revealed at this time."
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Japan's Political Economy, 2007.
An analysis of the changing nature of the Japanese political economy due to globalization.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the changes in the Japanese political economy that have been caused by globalization and other changes in the domestic and international economies. It examines whether Japan's changes are similar to those of other industrial countries that are also subject to the same systematic pressures. The paper then analyzes whether Japan's political economy is converging with other industrial economies or if Japans' changes are different from others'.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
History of Japan's Economy
Japan's Economy In Times Of War
Features Of The Current Economy
Changes In The Japanese Economy And The Factors That Generated Them
Demographic Factor
Privatization of Japan
Globalization
Other Changes
Statistics
From the Paper
"What is interesting about this certain period in the Japanese economy is the fact that the state used to trade the rice even before it was harvested. They would acquire several goods and products from international commerce partners, and promise to pay the counter value in rice once it was harvested. Today, we refer to these specific business making techniques as futures trade contracts."
"In the nineteenth century, the ruling power of Japan became the Tokugwana government. For the first time in the Japanese political economic history, the Tokugwana government officially liberalized trade relationships. Not only that, but the leading power also "first opened the country to Western commerce and influence." In this order of ideas, the Japanese government encouraged and supported young students to continue and specialize their studies abroad and, for those remaining in the country, brought Western professors to teach them the secrets of mathematics, physics, logistics and economics."
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'Book of Tea', 2006.
Reflections on 'The Book of Tea' by Kakuzo Okakura.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Kakuzo Okakura's 'Book of Tea'. According to the paper, 'Book of Tea' provides a potent and stimulating introduction to Japanese culture. The paper then takes a look at the idea of Teaism, a cult founded on the adoration of the beautiful among the sordid facts of everyday existence. The paper explains that by focusing on the possibilities of perfecting something small, like brewing and serving a perfect cup of tea, with all the correct ceremony, a sense of harmony and control is attained, even in light of the imperfections of a confusing world.
From the Paper
"Okakura's own prose, with its attitude of whimsy rather than worshipfulness: "What a tempest in a tea cup...Perhaps I betray my own ignorance of the Tea Cult by being so outspoken," is in keeping with the principles of Teaism that he outlines. He makes delightful use of the religious nature of tea, poking fun at Westerners who dislike tea, who call drinking tea a filthy custom as heretics. This lack of reverence towards tea is a key, ironic part of Japanese religiosity, he implies. By not taking things too seriously, the true ethos of tea is manifest. Tea is served with deliberation, but ultimately the pourer knows that it does not matter very much in the grand scheme of things."
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"A Passage to India", 2006.
A review of the book, "A Passage to India" by E.M. Foster.
2,344 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at E.M. Foster's book, "A Passage to India". According to the paper, the British occupation of India was the showcase of modern imperialism and the conflicts that result when two such cultures clash. The paper further discusses how this book provides the reader with a holistic picture of how Muslims and Indians lived under British rule.
From the Paper
"The loyalist mentality was especially strong in the historical context of British rule among Muslims and Indians. Throughout the early 20th century, the Indian empire was primarily ruled by a small class of British citizens and the majority was Indian governors. However, these Indian magistrates went through the British school system, many of them raised in primarily British areas or in England itself. As a result, the subjugation of the population occurred not through the dichotomy of British vs. Indians, but an internal struggle. In analyzing the British strategy for colonialism, this is one of the principle devices used to stave off revolution and rebellion. Precisely because the front of governance rests within the native population, internal conflict rather than external conflict is the focus within India in the early 20th century. The conflict between loyalists and revolutionists ensured that the country as a whole was split as to which path to pursue. The inevitable result is inaction. "
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"History in Three Keys", 2007.
A review of Paul A. Cohen's "History in Three Keys" about the Boxer Rebellion.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Boxer Rebellion took place from 1898-1900, in Northern China and was waged between ordinary, lower class native Chinese peasants against the foreign missionaries. The paper explains that Cohen's book is more of a history as to how the rebellion has been interpreted, than it is of the immediate implications of the event itself and its aftermath. The paper discusses how Cohen's ideas are useful in terms of how to approach history, particularly historical events that have become especially fraught with meaning in modern culture, way beyond their immediate impact.
From the Paper
"Paul Cohen is a professor of East Asian history with an openly postmodern orientation. The title of the book refers to Cohen's understanding of the rebellion as an event that can be viewed with a series of lenses, rather than a singular historian's lens. The rebellion is an event, experience and also a myth. Significantly, Cohen does not refer to any specific detail about the rebellion in his title; he is more concerned with describing his three-keyed approach to understanding the Boxers, rather than referring to the Boxers themselves. Even the name, the Boxer rebellion, is polluted to some extent in Cohen's eyes, because the idea of the Boxers has become so subject to political influences of people with agendas beyond mere understanding."
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Globalization and Culture, 2007.
This paper explores the impact of globalization on culture assimilation.
2,734 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to analyze the implications of the Internet on the individual lives of people globally and the resulting impact on corporations. The paper explains that since businesses of all sizes and from all industries are striving to be more global than ever, this pushes individuals and cultures together in the pursuit of business strategies and initiatives. The paper explores globalization in Indian call centers and how the culture of the Schindler Elevator Company from Switzerland clashes with Indian ideas. The paper shows how westernization influences widely divergent cultures just as much as westernized nations fail in their attempts to accomplish business strategies in widely divergent cultures.
Outline:
Summary
Globalization of Business Forces an Entirely New Relationship Dynamic
Globalization in Indian Call Centers: Training to Talk Like a Westerner
Schindler's Swiss Precision Meets Indian Chaos: Exploring Cultural Bias
Key Findings on Globalization and Culture
Summary
From the Paper
"The impact of the Internet on globalization is visible from the pervasiveness and visibility of brands globally to changes in the everyday lives of members of different cultures around the world. Globalization, while discussed as a business strategy, actually affects individuals far more often and with greater consequences than corporations. It could also be said that the collective experiences of individuals are what a corporation experiences from the context of globalization at a more macro socioeconomic level."
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Tibet and China, 2007.
This paper explores the complex relationship between Tibet and China.
1,293 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the dispute between China and Tibet about Tibet's sovereignty. The paper relates that today, the Dalai Lama (leader of the Tibetan government in exile) has given up his demand for total secession from China and China itself is committed to the development of the region, while giving it a special status and autonomy within the state of China. The paper asserts that other countries, including the United States, should refrain from supporting separation of Tibet from China as such a policy would only create turmoil and bring further misery to the poverty-stricken people of Tibet.
From the Paper
"The relationship between Tibet and China, despite the various ups and downs seen over the past several centuries, continues to remain fluid. The points of view of the Chinese and the Tibetans about the sovereignty of Tibet are diametrically opposite. The Chinese are firmly of the view that Tibet has been an indivisible part of China de jure since the Yuan dynasty seven centuries ago; they believe that all pro-independence movement in Tibet were and are encouraged and abetted by malicious Western imperialist powers who have always strived to weaken China's sovereignty. The Tibetan government in exile, led by the Dalai Lama who had fled Tibet after a failed uprising in 1959, is equally adamant that the current Chinese rule in Tibet is illegitimate and colonial, and it violates Tibet's historical status as an independent country."
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Sex Trafficking of Thai Women, 2007.
An analysis of the history of trafficking of Thai women in the United States and the US government policy with regards to the situation.
6,996 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the incidence of sex trafficking of Thai women in the United States. In order to understand how this has come about in the United States, the paper identifies current sex trafficking issues in Thailand and what the US government has done in response. It looks at it particularly from a policy-making perspective, including the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Incidence and Factors Contributing to Sex Trafficking in Thailand Today
U.S. Government Responses to Sex Trafficking
Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Complex problems require complex solutions and it is clear that the United States alone will only be able to do so much in the battle against the enormous international human rights crisis of sex trafficking in children today. Fortunately, the United States as well as more and more members of the international community are recognizing that simply enacting new laws in isolation of more comprehensive solutions will fail to adequately address the insidious problems associated with sex trafficking. According to Mathews (2005), in an attempt to supplement the various legal and political initiatives underway to fight the sex trafficking industry, the United States has sought the assistance of a number of human rights groups and other nongovernmental organizations (Mathews, 2005). For example, Gary Haugen, director of the human rights group, International Justice Mission (IJM), is a former federal prosecutor who uses controversial tactics to infiltrate the underground network of sex trafficking; IJM was recently awarded a million dollar grant from the U.S. government to continue its work (Mathews, 2005)."
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Sikhism, 2007.
This paper discusses Sikhism and looks at its effect on Indian culture.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Sikhism, although not a new religion, has recently received recognition as a world religion. The writer explains that its followers, called Sikhs believe that there is only on God, and his or her creation is real and not illusory, and everything works according to God's will. The writer points out that these core beliefs of Sikhism have affected Indian culture in several ways, as followers strive to live by these rules and their society reflects these beliefs. This paper analyzes Sikhism and the effect that it has on Indian culture and society. The writer concludes that the effects of Sikhism on Indian culture and society are profound, as the majority of this population strives to live their entire life under the rules laid out by Sikhism.
From the Paper
"The underlying belief of Sikhism is that one's goal is the attainment of salvation, which is prevented by social conflicts and worldly pursuits. As a result, followers of Sikhism strongly believe in karma, or an endless cycle of birth. The quality of each particular life depends in the manner in which you conducted yourself in your last life. This aspect of karma is governed by the principle that Sikhs should balance work, worship, and charity, and should defend the rights of all creatures and fellow human beings. These concepts are illustrated as having an effect on Indian culture and society, in the peaceful manner in which Indian culture is notable for. Additionally, Sikhs also believe strongly in the concept of sharing, through the distribution of free food at rituals, giving charitable donations, and working toward the betterment of society."
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China's One Child Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the social and economic effects of the one-child policy in China.
1,768 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the one-child Policy in China, now named the Law on Population and Family Planning, 2002. It explores the problems faced by the Chinese people due to the implementation of this policy and takes a deep look at its origin. The paper also examines the social and economic outcome of the one-child policy and the issue of infanticide associated with it.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Origin of the One-Child Policy
Enforcement in Urban and Rural Areas
Social Problems
Infanticide
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The One-Child policy has been a successful attempt by China to curb its population. This law has now been renamed the Law on Population and Family Planning, 2002. It is viewed as a women friendly law but ends up compromising their freedom and equality. This law helps to educate people about family planning and helping women improve their status in society as well as ending discrimination of women and abandonment of female infants. These policies proved that the Chinese Authorities have softened their stance on the One-Child Policy but then they have stated that they will be continuing this policy during their 2006-2010 planning period."
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"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon", 2007.
An analysis of the comments by viewers and critics regarding the film, "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," directed by Ang Lee.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the foreign-language film, "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," directed by Ang Lee. The paper attempts to provide insight into the impact on Western viewers regarding views on Chinese culture by discussing the themes in this film. It describes some of the positive and negative reviews of the film. The paper concludes that the main concern about the movie "Crouching Tiger," especially by the Chinese viewers and critics, is that it does not portray China's culture and values, but rather the intercultural viewpoint of the director, Lee.
From the Paper
"The differences by the students shows, says Zhu (2002) that someone's tacit knowledge of cultural values can persist and be influential in character judgment. The Western culture highly values individualism and the pursuit of happiness, the Chinese instead values collectivism and morality over individualism. It is considered morally inappropriate for a person's pursuit of happiness to occur at the expense of others. While all subjects praised the women's qualities of independence, strength, and strong will, they have different views of Jen. Most American subjects perceived Jen as a free individual, but most of the Chinese audiences criticized her as overly cunning and morally corrupt from a Confucian point of view. However, most Americans found the character Sulian lackluster, since she hesitates to pursue personal happiness, but most Chinese subjects saw her as a well-rounded character who, unlike Jen, is mature and noble enough to control her feelings."
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'Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee', 2006.
A review of the book 'Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee', translated by Robert Van Gulik.
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the book 'Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee', translated from Chinese to English by Robert Van Gulik. The paper discusses Judge Dee's unquenchable thirst for finding the truth, when solving legal cases. The paper further discusses how the Judge Dee novels are grounded in large societal ethical hermeneutic of Confucian and Taoist morals, where finding the truth is a sacred duty of Judge Dee's office and great dishonor would fall upon the head of any judge who accidentally condemns an innocent man.
From the Paper
"There are some features of Dee's detection are similar to modern police work, and do not cause a non-Confucian reader to raise an eyebrow. Dee deploys psychological insight and observation to come to the root of a mystery, noting that, good Confucian he is, he has studied carefully the ancient handbooks of detection, which values the importance of knowing the character, daily life and habits of the victim and that personality supplies the clues to solve the crime. Know a person's ethics, and know the man or woman. Know the person's place in society, and know how they 'should' behave. Having an upright character is also an essential component to being a good, that is, an ethical Confucian, and defects in character must be scrutinized and used as clues, as they leave a person open to the danger of becoming a victim."
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'No-no Boy', 2006.
A review of the novel 'No-no Boy' by John Okada.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses John Okada's novel, 'No-no Boy'. According to the paper, 'No-no Boy' tells about the life of Japanese-Americans in America after the World War II. The paper reports that the title 'No-no boy' refers to the main character, Ichiro, as well as to the other Japanese-Americans, who chose not to join the American army. The paper discusses how they chose not to be manipulated by the Americans who betrayed the Japanese race.
From the Paper
"The race of Ichiro, being a Japanese, and his citizenship as an American place him in a suffering where he is unable to choose which among the two will he make as a dominating identity of himself. Added to this predicament in his search for identity is the strong nationalism of his mother who fervently embodies the Japanese culture, tradition, and nationality. Because of this, a clash emerged between Ichiro and his mother."
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Myanmar, 2007.
This paper examines the southeast Asian nation of Myanmar, also known as Burma.
2,408 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that since 1988, the people of Myanmar have suffered under the leadership of a repressive military junta. The writer notes that current conditions in Myanmar not only force residents to live in fear, but also have brought about economic sanctions and reductions in foreign investment that have hurt the population's standard of living. Further the writer maintains that the situation in Myanmar has received global attention, but that bringing political and human rights reforms to this rogue nation has proven difficult. The writer concludes that a stable, democratic Myanmar will be a better economic partner for China, Russia and Myanmar's neighbors. One can expect that these nations, individually and through global and regional organizations, will eventually press for stability and reform in Myanmar.
Outline:
Major Nations Undermine UN Efforts
Despite Strength, ASEAN Takes Weak Approach
Sanctions Can Work in Myanmar
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Regrettably, as long as China and Russia sit on the UN Security Council and as long as they have economic interests in Myanmar, it will be difficult for the UN to be a driving factor for change in Myanmar. The real hope is that China and Russia may one day realize that their current positions are somewhat short-sighted. After all, a more politically and economically stable Myanmar may prove to be a better economic partner. This is a logical philosophical leap that China and Russia may one day make, but, for now, it does not appear to be in the cards."
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Cross-Cultural Communications, 2007.
This paper provides a research report on the business practices and customs of Japan.
1,864 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at various customs and practices that are present in Japan. The writer demonstrates that in many ways such customs and business practices are different from those in America. The writer points out that when negotiating in Japan, it is best to observe a highly deferential communication style, as opposed to a confrontational style. Further, the writer explains that debate and an open show of disharmony will make a negotiator seem rude, rather than dominant or skillful. In this essay, the writer discusses different types of communication and presents an overview of Japanese styles and customs.
Outline:
Communication Style and Preference
Formal/Informal
Linguistic Differences
Language Barriers and Interpretation
Nonverbal Communication (body language, eye contact, space)
Structure of Business Correspondence
Cultural Norms and Religious Influences
Organizational Structure of Businesses
Hierarchy & Leadership style
Individual or Group Orientation
Role of Women
Negotiation Process
Style and Phrases
Deadlines
Rules of Engagement
Family and Social Structure
Hospitality
Ethical Considerations
Legal and Government Considerations
Codes
Labor Regulations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The Japanese are likely to know that shaking hands rather than bowing is considered appropriate by Americans, but be prepared to bow, nonetheless. One lesser-known fact is that an American should avoid making the 'OK' sign, as in Japan it means money rather than affirmation. Pointing is simply considered rude."
"As in all nations with different nonverbal protocols, avoid using large hand signals, extremely animated facial expressions and dramatic movements that could be misinterpreted by one's host. Also, although the Japanese may be prepared for American communication differences, it is worth remembering that the Japanese do not talk with their hands and to do so with great animation could distract the Japanese, rather than prove an asset to communication."
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The Yellow River in China, 2007.
A discussion on the problems facing the Yellow River (also known as "Huang He" in Chinese) in China.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Yellow River's historical significance to Chinese history and civilization and explains that it has supported the millions of people who have lived alongside it. The paper examines how the river has periodically caused an equal amount of sorrow through devastating floods and course changes throughout history. The paper explores how the river is currently faced with decreased flows due to over-exploitation, pollution from the surrounding industries, and continued silting. The paper concludes that concerted efforts are required on an emergency basis to find a solution to the problems facing the Yellow River.
Outline:
Introduction
Problems:
Silt Deposition
Floods & Course Changes
Decreased Flows
Environmental Degradation
Chemical and Biological Pollution
Solutions
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Chemical and biological pollution of the surface and groundwater in the Yellow River Basin and the North China Plain is another serious concern. Discharge of industrial effluent and untreated sewage from cities and villages is common everywhere in China but is particularly damaging for the Yellow River. Surface water contamination is becoming increasingly important as water supplies decline and less dilution occurs. According to Dr. Zhongping Zhu, Principal Researcher with IWMI: "Water pollution in the Yellow River is exceptionally high...in 2000 less than 40% of the water was deemed drinkable after treatment, with 24% being classed as unfit for human consumption." (Quoted in "New Research Could Provide...")"
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"China: A New History", 2007.
A review of "China: A New History" by John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman.
1,391 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the central thesis of the book is about the level and rate of change in China over the centuries. The book shows how the pace of change was relatively slow for most of Chinese history but was more rapid in the period after the revolution in 1949 and after the death of Chairman Mao. The paper relates how the book focuses on the social, economic and cultural shifts taking place in China over the past two decades and continuing to this day. The paper discusses how the book is comprehensive on its subject and makes good use of existing evidence and research, beginning with archaeological evidence and extending through modern assessments by scholars and political leaders who deal with China.
From the Paper
"For most of the history covered, the authors make use of both primary and secondary sources, though what those sources may be is not always mad clear. The portion of the book written by Fairbank does not cite sources directly for the most part, while the portion written by Goldman does provide the sources used. A look at the Author Index shows this face clearly, for the many pages of authors all refer to pages written by Goldman, while there are no references to other authors in the pages written by Fairbank. Whether this is a change in historical writing or evidence of some other rationale is not clear. Fairbank was the accepted expert on this subject, and he is known to have studied widely and to have read virtually all material published on this and related subjects, reviewing many of them for various publications."
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