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"Slavery in New York", 2006.
A discussion on the art exhibition "Slavery in New York" and the lessons it teaches about the history of the area.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an art exhibit by the New York Historical Society, titled "Slavery in New York". The paper describes how the exhibit unearths much of the history of the slave trade in New York and shows the way the city participated in and profited form the slave trade long before that trade become so entrenched in the American South.
From the Paper
"The primary lesson of the exhibit is in fact that slavery was a phenomenon that existed outside of the South and that cosmopolitan and even liberal New York was once part of that trade. Such a lesson also extends the idea of slavery to a wider part of the nation, showing how the guilt over slavery is not released only to the South but takes in the whole country in one way or another. This effort also shows how much the nation owes to the African-Americans it once enslaved and has never fully repaid for what was done to their ancestors."
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Aperture Foundation Organizational Analysis, 2006.
This paper offers an organizational analysis of the Aperture Foundation.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Aperture Foundation, that was founded as a not-for-profit arts institution in 1952 by six people who had a vision of photography as a mainstream medium. The writer notes that although the Aperture Foundation has gained high praise for its independence and integrity in publishing the most innovative work in photography, it has required significant and generous support. The writer contends that the current challenge is to continue to promote photography and mount exhibitions while paying the expenses. In addition, there are pressures on the medium that have grown over the past decade because of advances in high-tech fields, from cameras to reproduction to the ubiquitousness of images and the difficulty of securing artists' rights. The writer makes suggestions and recommendations for changes and transitions in the Foundation's organization.
From the Paper
"The organization's structural integrity was challenged during the past five years by the deaths in quick succession of two of its Executive Directors, Michael E. Hoffman in 2001 (after he had been at the helm for 36 years) and Director Designate Paul Gottlieb in 2002. However, Ellen S. Harris has run the organization for more than a year and a half with a seasoned staff and a Board of Trustees. During that time, she has completed the exclusive agreement with DAP, and has moved the organization into new headquarters at the heart of the New York arts scene.
In addition, the Web site has been redesigned, and a licensing division was launched early in 2004 to develop revenues to support both the foundation and the artist-participants. In 2005, the organization planned to sell limited edition, affordable prints emphasizing contemporary photographer's work."
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Art Comparisons, 2006.
A look at war and battle as depicted through art.
2,183 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews various works of art through the ages, all depicting various scenes of war and battle. It takes a look at the work of various artists such as Eugene Delacroix, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, Edouard Manet, Paul Cezanne, Jackson Pollack and Henri Matisse and compares their scenes of war and battle.
From the Paper
"The major similarity between the two works is the depicted violence. In Sardanapalus a Negro stabs a white horse and a bearded and richly dressed man plunges a dagger into the throat of a woman. The foreground is brighly illuminated and, indicative of the Romantic period, the figures are expressive and sensual with a mixture of the erotic and violent. The painting is believed to be based on Lord Byron's 1821 play Sardanapalus, which ends with death and destruction (Spector 19).
The painting has life-size figures in the foreground and in the rear, including the king, much smaller. The complex composition and spacing between the figures is unique--with figures on the lower right and upper left, and only the red of the bed spread in the middle. Colors of gold and red as well as actual pearls are used to unify the different parts of the painting. Women, slaves, animals, jewels, and fabrics are combined in a swirling, circular composition. The painting was used to evoke emotion--even Delacroix was disturbed by what he had painted. The Sandanapalus tilts diagonally back from the foreground, with earlier Romantic battle paintings, such as Gros' Battle of the Eylau in 1807, Delacroix's own Dante and Virgil in 1822 and Massacre of Chios in 1821, the main figures occupying the foreground (Spector 23). "
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Baroque Art, 2006.
This paper compares two painters who used the Baroque style of art.
1,086 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Baroque style dominated art and architecture throughout Europe in the 1600s. The paper defines this style as having a dramatic use of light. The paper compares the works of Caravaggio and Rubens and concludes that while both painters have succeeded--in the Baroque style--at depicting a portion of the passion of Christ, they have differences. Caravaggio is more firmly planted in the style of his time, evoking strong emotion with relatively simple, if dramatic, depictions whilst Rubens decorates the scene more than transporting the viewer into the emotion of the event depicted.
Contents:
Introduction
Caravaggio and Rubens
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Baroque style dominated art and architecture throughout Europe in the 1600s, lasting in some places until about 1750 (Encarta, database online). The origin of the word is not certain. Some believe it was derived from the Portuguese word barocco or the Spanish word barueco, a word that referred to an irregularly shaped pearl (Encarta database online.) It should be remembered that pearls, baroque or otherwise, were only brought to Europe during the age of exploration, which slightly preceded what came to be called the baroque period of art. Baroque--or irregularly shaped--pearls would have been looked upon as doubly exotic and very dramatic, so it is not difficult to imagine the term being applied to art that was increasingly dramatic, even if the subject matter was not; the baroque painters had an affinity for Biblical subjects."
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John Heartfield, 2006.
A bibliography of John Heartfield, a German Dada artist.
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the life of Helmut Herzfeld, who changed his name to John Heartfield as a pro-British statement during the Nazi period. The paper analyzes his works, including his technique of photo-montage. The paper further describes how he was pursued by the Nazis and escaped to Prague and later to London. The paper further describes his winning of the German peace prize.
From the Paper
"Born to a writer, Franz Heartfield, John lost his parents in 1898. His mother was a trade union activist and a textile worker. In 1896, the Heartfields were forced to run away from Germany and hence went to Switzerland. John was enrolled in a school but he soon left it at the age of fourteen and ended up working for a bookseller in Weisbadenl. During 1907, John Heartfield became an assistant to the famous painter Wieland Herzfelde. About a couple of years later after becoming interested in arts, John Heartfield enrolled into the Munich College of Arts and Crafts. In 1912 John Heartfield started working as a commercial artist in Mannheim till 1913 when he moved to Berlin where his teacher was Ernst Neuman at the Arts and Crafts school in Charlottenburg."
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Buddhist Art, 2006.
An analysis of the influence of Buddhist art on Chinese culture.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how when looking at ancient Chinese art and even art today, one can easily see the influence of the Buddhists after they arrived in this country during the Han Period of 200 B.C. It looks at how Buddhism traveled from India to China and how it was transformed into something that could be readily incorporated into the local culture. It also discusses how the Buddhist influence increased to such a significant extent that huge amounts of money and human work were used to create astonishing pieces of art and elaborate temples and how this expanding interest in Buddhism led to new ways of representing deities, different forms of architecture for worship and changing rituals.
From the Paper
"Most Buddhist monks came to China by way of the Silk Road, which was a critical junction at the caravan trails that stretched from China to the Mediterranean. As the easternmost Chinese station on the route, the village of Dunhuang (Tunhuang) became the ideal location for these foreign monks to learn the language and culture before moving into central China. The missionaries and their Chinese disciples built the earliest Buddhist communities at Dunhuang in the late third and early fourth centuries. Many religious sutras were translated at Dunhuang and then distributed outward. Uncountable economic and human resources were used to produce Buddhist sutras and construct religious centers, including thousands of cave temples. "
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Buddhist Art, 2006.
An analysis of the influence of Buddhist art on Chinese culture.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how when looking at ancient Chinese art and even art today, one can easily see the influence of the Buddhists after they arrived in this country during the Han Period of 200 B.C. It looks at how Buddhism traveled from India to China and how it was transformed into something that could be readily incorporated into the local culture. It also discusses how the Buddhist influence increased to such a significant extent that huge amounts of money and human work were used to create astonishing pieces of art and elaborate temples and how this expanding interest in Buddhism led to new ways of representing deities, different forms of architecture for worship and changing rituals.
From the Paper
"Most Buddhist monks came to China by way of the Silk Road, which was a critical junction at the caravan trails that stretched from China to the Mediterranean. As the easternmost Chinese station on the route, the village of Dunhuang (Tunhuang) became the ideal location for these foreign monks to learn the language and culture before moving into central China. The missionaries and their Chinese disciples built the earliest Buddhist communities at Dunhuang in the late third and early fourth centuries. Many religious sutras were translated at Dunhuang and then distributed outward. Uncountable economic and human resources were used to produce Buddhist sutras and construct religious centers, including thousands of cave temples. "
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"Madame X", 2006.
An analysis of the painting "Madame X", by John Singer Sargent.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the painting "Madame X", painted by artist John Singer Sargent. The paper discusses the history of the artist. It then describes details of the painting. The paper concludes that, while the work received initial horror and shock in Paris, the painting still carries infamous repute to this day.
From the Paper
"Standing next to the Madame X portrait, Sargent looks as comfortably out place as she. Both were outsiders in their communities, and the success of their eclosion depended upon specific actions and associations that furthered their connectivity to the tightly knit social circles of Europe. The stark white of his color stands out in great contrast to the suitably quiet midnight of his suit, as his figure's does with frank contradiction in her own visage. The ruddiness of her skin, the reflecting sheen of her dress, the palor in the skin and the blush of the cheeks are all whitewashed in the aristocraticly pale light in which the subject stands. Her dress is fearsome, her color is haunting; her cleavage is unduly inviting."
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Zen and Haiku, 2006.
An analysis of the influence of Zen tradition on haiku.
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
Haiku is a form of meditation or reflection strongly influenced by Zen tradition that can be used by men to attain enlightenment and simple understanding.This paper examines how Zen traditions influenced early haiku by encouraging the pursuit of natural awareness and simplicity without intervention. It reviews the methods that early haiku poets used to reflect the idea that what occurs in life and within the mind should be presented rather than reflected on. These ideas and emphasis on Zen's influence on haiku in Japan and how connected the tradition of Haiku is with Zen philosophy are also discussed.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis
Zen's Influence on Haiku
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Zen philosophy focuses on the importance of simple living, solitude and meditation and our impermanence or the lack of permanency in all that exists in the world. Adopting Zen morals one must assume that the simple path in life is the one filled with much reward and prosperity. Zen philosophy concentrates on achieving enlightenment, where one recognizes the Buddha nature and sees that this tendency exists in everyone (Lieberman, 2005). Enlightenment according to Zen tradition is possible by simply acknowledging that which is and recognizing that interpretation or analysis of events is not necessary."
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Fusion Techniques for Image Retrieval, 2006.
An evaluation of fusion techniques for image retrieval of digital images.
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses fusion techniques for image retrieval of digital images, in particular the technique using support vector machine (SVM). The paper describes an experiment that was run in order to test the stability of this technique and it details the results that were found.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Fusion Techniques
SVM
Ensemble
Average and Max
Experiment
Conclusion and Observations
From the Paper
"Against the backdrop of increased digital images, an accurate image retrieval system is in demand and is supported by a number of methods. Classification is one of the most important parts of image retrieval. Of the several classification techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is the most efficient and the most accurate, especially in cases where the number of samples is small [4]. In addition, to transfer data to higher dimensions, SVM can adapt for non-linear boundary problems [5]."
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Political Cartoons, 2006.
A look at the culture of political cartoons in the USA.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the culture surrounding political cartoons.
There are two basic components to a political cartoon: caricature and allusion. This paper also discusses the work of Tom Nast, one of the well known caricaturists during the American Civil War, focusing primarily on Abraham Lincoln.
From the Paper
"Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States from the year 1861 until the end of his term 1865. Before Lincoln became a president, he quitted in politics but then he re-appeared when he strongly disagreed with the policy of slavery headed by Stephen A. Douglas, this policy was known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Soon, because of his sentiments he joined the Republican Party. When Douglas run for senatorial candidate, the Republican Party voted for Abraham Lincoln as the opponent of Douglas. During that election, Lincoln challenged Douglas for a debate regarding slavery, which he has strongly against it because he believed in democracy and human rights. In no time, Lincoln gained the support of the majority because of his influential speech in New York City. And in no time, he became the President of the United States. "
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Cubism, 2006.
This paper looks at the Cubist movement of art and explains the style it represents.
898 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of the Cubist movement and describes how Cubist paintings reduce images to their most essential elements to create an eye-catching design. The paper explains the two different Cubist styles and describes the first Cubist painting, "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by Pablo Picasso. The paper includes the criticism there was of Cubist artists and their defense. Finally, the author concludes with his/her plans to use the Cubist style of art to represent his/her ideas in a clear yet forceful way.
From the Paper
"According to the popular Internet art encyclopedia, 'Artcyclopedia,' the Cubist movement in art developed between the years of 1908 and 1912, amongst a small colony of European artists. The early Cubist's main influences were said to have been Tribal Art, as prefigured in the works of the post-impressionist Paul Cezanne. (Artcyclopedia, 2005) Unlike these earlier artist's works, however, which still had recognizable, realistic forms, in Cubist paintings the subject matter was broken up, analyzed by the painter, and then reassembled in an abstracted form of shapes and stark designs."
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Seven Samurai, 2006.
A review of the movie "Seven Samurai", thought by some to be the greatest Japanese film ever made.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the movie "Seven Samurai" based on "Shichinin no Samurai", a 1954 black and white film by Akira Kurosawa. The paper takes a look at the structure of the movie, as well as the richness of the film and the cinematic technique.
From the Paper
"Seven Samurai," filmed in linear structure, is set in 16th century Japan, and is the story of a poor farming village that is regularly attacked by bandits, who steal their rice crops at harvest and take their women as well. Before harvest time approaches again, the villagers decide to hire a group of samurai to help defend their homes and crops for the price of lodging and food, a total of seven samurai are enlisted. The first half of the movie depicts how each samurai joins the group, and their journey to the village, where they teach the farmers how to fight and how to secure their village. The last part of the movie shows several skirmishes with the bandits, all of which lead up to the final battle scene.
As Gary Morris points out, this epic deals with "war, honor, courage, and yes, that homo subtext ever present in male bonding movies, punctuated by Toshiro Mifune's enthralling butt-baring performance."
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Society and the Arts, 2006.
Questions whether society should support the arts and, if so, how.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that art must be viewed as a fundamental means of sustaining existence and identity. It shows how society can and should support art through tax deductions, non-profit educational institutions and other forms of government subsidies.
From the Paper
"Today, the relatively new field of art therapy is one of the few acknowledgments that art is not merely decoration for the rich or the academic elite or the preserve of the obsessively talented (Sweet pp). The production of art should be viewed as a necessity for everyone, the rich or poor, smart or dumb, disturbed or not (Sweet pp). The contemporary tendency to diminish the importance of what used to be referred to as a "liberal arts education," and the downsizing of art and music classes in our grade schools, certainly underscores society's miscomprehension of the "basic need to know ourselves and the best means to exercise that knowledge" (Sweet pp)."
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Artists of the Impressionist Period, 2006.
This paper presents thumbnail sketches of six Impressionist artists: Claude Monet, Eduardo Manet, Pierre-Augusta Renoir, Edgar Degas, Mary Cassatt and Camille Pissarro.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Claude Monet was the leader of Impressionism; his "Impression: Sunrise" painted in 1872 gave the term Impressionist to this group of painters who followed the style of Eduardo Manet. The author points out that Mary Cassatt, the only American and woman of the movement, painted scenes of people engaged in ordinary daily activities. The paper relates that the last true Impressionist Camille Pissarro inspired Post-Impressionist painters such as Matisse and Cezanne.
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Impressionist Period
Claude Monet: The Movement's Pioneer
Eduardo Manet: The Movement's Inspiration
Pierre-Augusta Renoir: Using the Movement to Move to His Own Style
Edgar Degas: Representing Movement and the Working Class
Mary Cassatt: The American and the Woman of the Movement
Conclusion: Camille Pissarro: The Last Official Impressionist
From the Paper
"Photography was invented in the 19th century. The Impressionist artists wished to bring a new element to art. They wished to show the artist's inner life. They believed that simply showing what existed 'in life' was not enough to justify the further existence of art. The Impressionist movement began in France, the heart of the art world of a late 19th and early 20th century Europe. "Impressionist painting comprises the work produced between about 1867 and 1886 by a group of artists who shared a set of related approaches and techniques. Characteristics of Impressionism were an attempt to accurately and objectively record visual reality in terms of transient effects of light and color." "
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Contemporary American Artists, 2005.
This paper discusses three contemporary American artists who have received critical acclaims since 1990: John Rozelle, Marla Baggetta and Ken Christensen.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Rozelle, inspired by his African heritage, is known for his expertise in combining colorful layers of acrylic paint and collage to create a distinct form of nonrepresentational mixed-media art. The author points out that Marla Baggetta, inspired by the beauty of Oregon's rural landscapes, working in pastel, creates unique jewel-like compositions. The paper relates that Ken Christensen is a classic, on-site, plein air landscape painter influenced greatly by the French Impressionists, Post-Impressionists and Fauves; he paints with the vision, color and verve of painters such as Van Gough and with the American perspective of Hopper and Benton.
From the Paper
"In June 2002, Christensen was awarded with a large prestigious exhibit at the San Luis Obispo Art Center, entitled "From Where I Stand". He has been a regular participant in local exhibits, winning awards in both watercolor and oil paintings. Moreover, he has become a regular participant in the burgeoning plein air scene, gaining accolades in plein air festivals throughout California. In March 2004, Christensen was an artist in residence at the beautiful Inn at Morro Bay where a large exhibit followed, "Bigger, Bolder, Brighter" . His paintings have been featured on the cover of the Daniel Smith Catalogue and written about in Artist's Sketchbook Magazine, as well as in local newspapers."
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Outsider Art, 2005.
This paper discusses the history and future of the term "outsider art", referring to art, made by self-taught artists, which stands outside the realm of "fine" art.
3,015 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "outsider art", also called naif, naive or art brut, is collected by the most well-known collectors; therefore, the question arises when something becomes popular or "in" does it continue to be "outside"? Can "outsider art" continue in the years to come? The author points out that, for example, after World War I, the cultured in Europe began developing an interest in self-taught creators called "naives", such as Henri Rousseau, who were creating their artistic works throughout Europe especially France. The paper presents many examples of "outsider art" in the U.S., including Mexican-American, jailhouse and street art, some of which has entered the realm of collectors and museums, while other artist prefer to remain "Outside Art".
Table of Contents
Introduction of Thesis Statement
Introduction of Terms Based on Dubuffet and Cardinal
Move from Europe to United States
Definition of Outsider
Examples: Slaves, Mentally Ill, Spiritual, Folk, Recycled
Response to Thesis Statement
Conclusion
From the Paper
""Outsider art" continues to evolve along with changes in society. A new form of work, for example, called "recycled folk art," transform pieces of trash into new treasures. In Mexican-American Texas communities, houses are adorned by objects, colors and symbols that reflect a history over the past to present days. Many of the visually rich barrio decorations are made from everyday castoffs such as Styrofoam cups, tires and tile chips. Brightly colored trucks and cars, tree swings, and televisions act as shrines to the Virgin of San Juan. Windmills and whirligigs are made from soda cans, butterflies from scrapped tin and muffler robots from used auto parts."
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"Garbage as Art", 2005.
This paper discusses the use of "garbage as art" to raise environmental awareness.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that using "garbage as art" reminds the viewer that the environment is often a harsh and an ugly place and the rewards cannot always be immediately appreciated. The author points out that "garbage as art" is a tangible, immediate way to suggest to individuals the possibilities of renewal in the environment, a way to recycle the environment and a way for human beings to personally express their ideas about their connections to the natural environment. The paper concludes that, rather than a series of seismic breaks of casting off and then beginning again, by acknowledging garbage's possibilities as art, Western society can see that we must use the past again in the future.
From the Paper
"Scanlan's poetic musings in "On Garbage" also stress the humbling nature of garbage. All societies are reduced to relics after the death of the civilization. These waste products, such as broken and chipped pots, are now deployed as costly museum attractions. If we are not to bury ourselves in a world with rapidly dwindling space and resources, Scanlan argues, we must grapple with Western culture's mania for discarding things as a way of moving forward. Western culture has denied the natural lifecycle of rebirth, and clung to a false ideal of something beginning from nothing."
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"Leonardo da Vinci", 2006.
A book report of "Leonardo da Vinci" by Peter Hohenstatt.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the life and work of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) through the book "Leonardo da Vinci" by Peter Hohenstatt. It looks at how chapter by chapter, we are shown how Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest painters living and working during the Renaissance Period and how he also was a draftsman, sculptor, architect, engineer and natural scientist.
From the Paper
"The book itself is divided into seven sections--first, the author explores how da Vinci became a legend, not only in his own time but also in the present day. He then traces the beginnings of da Vinci's artistic career in Florence, Italy, while under the mentorship of the De Medici (1469 to 1481). This is followed by da Vinci's artistic breakthrough in the Milan of the Sforzas (1481 to 1499); his commissions within the Republic of Florence (1500 to 1506), da Vinci's experiences in occupied Milan and with Pope Leo X in Rome (1506 to 1517), and lastly, his final years in Amboise (1517 to 1519). The author also includes a section on how the art of painting evolved during da Vinci's lifetime and how it became a true science, blending art with technology."
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