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A Study of the Architectural Column., 2006.
An in-depth review of all aspects of the column, history and architecture.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author centers on the column as an integral part of architecture through the ages. He commences with an explanation of the main parts of the column and each of the names associated with these parts.The paper then goes on to describe the uses and appearances of the column through the ages right up until modern day and its importance to architecture.
From the Paper
"There is no base to spruce up this basic design which leaves this column with a very straight forward but powerful presence in its design. During the early sixth century B.C., Doric columns were shorter compared to their height and diameter. Doric capitals showed an evolution from a broad flaring to a more compact form. Doric, like most Greek styles, emitted a strong horizontal presence in its architectural design."
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Notre Dame de Paris and the Taj Mahal, 2006.
This paper examines the history and innovative architecture of both the Taj Mahal and Notre Dame de Paris.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and details two of world's greatest examples of architectural innovation and greatness. Both Notre Dame de Paris and the Taj Mahal are edifices that offer tourists and philosophers great inspiration as dramatic structures which herald the opulence and vision of bygone centuries. This paper contains in-depth historical facts and details the similarities and differences of both structures.
From the Paper
"Inside the Taj Mahal, the central structure is not the Christian nave, but the impressive chamber containing the tomb. Two stories of eight rooms lay around the central chamber, thus adding emphasis to the central chamber and highlighting its importance. Outside the tomb is a reflecting pool, distinctive of Muslim Indian architecture, created for aesthetic purposes and for contemplation of the beauty of the tomb and the magnificence of the woman who lies within it."
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The Development of Art Throughout the World, 2006.
This paper reviews the history of various art forms in "Art in the Western World," written by David M. Robb and J. J. Garrisson.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of western art forms from early architectural designs through sculptures of the Greeks and Romans, the European art of the Renaissance period and into the 20th century as written about in "Art in the Western World," by David M. Robb and J. J. Garrisson.
From the Paper
"Hendrick Willem Van Loon, traces the history of Art in The Arts. Van Loon follows the development of Art from the prehistoric period, the Minoan civilization, the Greeks and Romans, Gothic Art, Renaissance Art, Chinese and Japanese art into the Empire style of the early 1800's. He looks at art as a whole, discussing musicians as well as architects, sculptors and painters."
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A Hospital Kitchen, 2006.
A paper describing the design of a hospital kitchen that serves approximately 6000 customers per day.
2,866 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly outlines the design of the storage area, dish washing area, shelving area, baking area and ventilation system of a hospital kitchen. The paper then describes the kitchen's packaging and hazard control operations and explains that the critical control points of the hospital include receiving, storage, preparation and serving the food . Next, the paper describes, in greater detail, how these operations are to be performed and then takes a look at a survey that was conducted to determine whether hospital patients were satisfied with the food they were being served. Finally, the paper describes the type of equipment the kitchen will be using, the food delivery process and the clean-up process.
From the Paper
"The design is for a hospital kitchen. The kitchen opens at 6 am in the morning. The number of customers serve comprise around 6000 per day. Of these patients more or less 30% enjoy sandwiches and coffee for breakfast. The rest prefer Tea or soup. For lunch, fish and chips is the preferred dish of approximately 60-70% of the patients. Small numbers of the remaining patients enjoy chicken pies, lasagna and pasta bake. Preferred desserts are ice cream, apple pie and chocolate roulade."
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French Classical Architecture, 2005.
This paper discusses the history and influence of King Louis XIV on French classical architecture especially the palace and gardens of Versailles.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1624, King Louis XIII built the Chateau de Versailles as a fairly humble brick, stone and slate hunting lodge; however, Louis XIV, starting in about 1661, enlarged the lodge into the fantasy palace and gardens, which today are still considered architectural and cultural masterpieces visited by eight million people every year. The author points out that the King's architects were Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin Mansart; Andre le Notre designed the gardens to match the lavish design of the place. The paper relates that the use of a strong central axis at the Tuileries gardens, as projected by Le Notre, was a major influence upon later architecture as evidenced in the grand axis of Paris to the Arc de Triomphe and La Defense.
From the Paper
"France became the dominant power in Europe during the reign of Louis XIV. And thus, the country's architecture also became widely influential. Since the monarchy was absolute, architecture was primarily influenced by what was built to the order of the King. French architecture of this period reached a turning point when King Louis XIV rejected curvilinear designs by Giovanni Benini for the east facade of the Louvre. The King preferred the more classicizing design with its colonnade by Louis le Vau and Claude Perrault. Le Vau was also commissioned together with Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Charles Le Brun and Andre le Notre to transform a hunting lodge outside Paris into a vast palace."
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The Washington Monument, 2006.
An essay discussing the appearance, architecture and history of the Washington Monument.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the Washington Monument located in the capital of the United States, Washington D.C. The paper provides background history about the monument, describes its structure and architectural style and presents information about Robert Mills, the architect of the Monument.
From the Paper
"Across the United States are several thousand monuments, statues, and shrines dedicated to the memory of our country's first president. He is honored as a general in the Revolution, a statesman, and as one of our founding fathers. However, the one monument revered among all others is the marble obelisk dedicated to him in the city that bears his name. The Washington Monument stretches into the sky symbolizing the giant stature and eternal influence of the Father of Our Country."
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The Lincoln Memorial, 2005.
This paper discusses the history and architectural design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C..
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the design of the Lincoln Memorial was the highlight of Henry Bacon's architectural career for which he received the 1923 Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects for his achievement on the memorial. The author points out that the building itself is as much of a symbol of the Union as Lincoln himself was; in designing a monument to the man who preserved the Union, Bacon used materials from many areas of the country---North and South, East and West. The paper stresses that Bacon's greatest success was his ability to blend the building's purpose and design with a message, which, in this case, is Abraham Lincoln's belief in peace, freedom, equality and unity, and that is the design motif of the Lincoln Memorial.
From the Paper
"Bacon was an admirer of Greek architecture and used his imagination to bring uniqueness to the memorial he fashioned after the famous Parthenon. Situated at the west end of the mall, Bacon used the side of the temple building design as the front, thus placing an effective end to the mall at the memorial. Unlike the long and narrow Parthenon, the Lincoln Memorial presents a more open appearance. On the frieze above the colonnade are inscribed the names of the thirty- six states in the union at the time of Lincoln's death. Above these are the names of the forty- eight in the Union at the time of the memorial's dedication. Since that time a plaque has been added to the memorial that includes a representation for Hawaii and Alaska. Typical of the Greek Doric style, wreaths of carved leaves, scrolls, and lion heads decorated the frieze and the cornice above it."
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Timber in Tectonic Architecture, 2006.
An explanation of tectonic architecture and how this form of architecture can make use of timber.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains what tectonic architecture is, examines the trend towards this form of architecture, discusses its history, describes the different modes of tectonic architecture and looks at the role that timber can have in tectonic architecture. The paper further explains why a return to tectonic architecture is an environmentally sound move and why timber is an appropriate material to use in tectonic construction.
From the Paper
"There is a growing movement towards tectonics in architecture, a return to the basic form and styles of the old schools of architecture. This movement has occurred as a result of the current tendency to reduce architecture to scenography. Architecture at the end of the 20th century has mostly been treated as a large commodity, with attention to cultural details minimized. Kenneth Frampton says that "among the seductions of the scenographic is the fact that the results are eminently amortizable, with all the deleterious consequences that this attitude entails for the future of the environment." Architecture of this century has been subject to the concept of spatial invention as an end in itself, with abstract art and visual obscurity the high points. The movement back to using the structural unit as the essence of architectural form is gaining strength."
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Japanese Shoji Screens, 2005.
Examines the history and functions of shoji screens used to divide living spaces in Japan.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The traditional Japanese home is based on Ma - the balance between space and objects. The space is divided by shoji screens, which slide on wooden tracks and can be detached to let the outside in. This paper discusses the history of shoji screens and how it influenced western design.
From the Paper
"Shoji has been used in modern Western homes in various ways. Large pane windows with unpleasant views are roofed with shoji to improve the overall appearance. Walls are covered with shoji to increase the sense of spaciousness as well as to add more light through the screen's natural reflecting qualities. A pair of shoji sliding doors is ideal for bathrooms, and space-saving shoji doors function as a closet. For the bathroom, waterproof material often is built-in with the shoji."
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Santiago Calatrava, 2004.
An analysis of the works of architect, Santiago Calatrava.
2,213 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the reader on a journey through the Metropolitan Art Museum as spectators of a Santiago Calatrava exhibition. The paper presents Calatrava as one of the world's greatest architects, highlighting how his architectural works are translations of his actual art. The paper examines and discusses several of Calatrava's artistic and architectural pieces. The paper contends that it is his ability to blend mediums that makes Santiago Calatrava so successful, for he is not just an artist but nor is he just an engineer, he is the next generation of hybrid architects who can transcend their craft to become master artists.
From the Paper
"When I went to the Metropolitan Art Museum to the see Santiago Calatrava, I did not know what to expect, he is after all one of the world's greatest architects. Some of his art includes the most prolific designs for bridges and train stations the world has ever seen. I have seen his work first hand in the form of the Birdlike expansion to the Milwaukee Art Museum that he designed years back. When I began researching him for our class, I realized that Santiago Calatrava's architectural works are translations of his actual art. This seems extremely interesting because I cannot imagine how one can translate one artwork across two such different mediums. Therefore when I went to the art exhibit at the MET I was both excited and filled with apprehension. The exhibit itself was handled extremely well, it was placed front and center as a showpiece at the MET. The lighting was extremely good which was important, as many of his pieces are architectural prints or renderings."
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Egyptian Architecture, 2006.
An examination as to why ancient Egyptian construction still fascinates architects today.
2,754 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, long after the Egyptian pyramids were first built, there still remains a fascination with this unique architectural design. It looks at how the Pharaonic builders completed their task with an ability and sophistication that has never seen been surpassed. Their capability of understanding the force of gravity, of weight and the stone cube was remarkable. The paper concludes that no where else, by any other culture, has the stone mound been transformed so accurately and substantially into geometrical form.
From the Paper
"As communities grew larger, it was more possible for leaders to emerge and for power to be solidified within, without fear of external invasion. This internal security accounts for the amazing continuity of the Egyptian civilization2 . Certainly, in no other country after the Paleolithic age, can so many constant elements be found over so long a period as in Egypt. The sense of permanence was made possible by this exceptional locale. Although the exact number of people who lived in the country is not possible to know, estimates vary from between one-and-a-half million to over five million3. Most of this population consisted of peasants and civil servants."
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The Alamo and Michelangelo, 2006.
This paper analyzes the architecture of The Alamo in San Antonio, Texas from Michelangelo's point of view.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques the building from the point of view of architect Michelangelo who is totally unrelated to the building's design. Written in the first person speech given by Michelangelo, he critiques the building according to his own architectural values and beliefs.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the thing that perplexes me most about this building is the scale. Walking up to it, it simply seems so small, much smaller than most people would imagine, I believe. It is dwarfed by many of the modern surrounding buildings, which adds to its diminutive status. I believe a building should be grand and impressive, and unfortunately, the Alamo is unassuming and could easily be overlooked. If I had a hand in renovation, I would add a grander fa?ade, perhaps less symmetrical but with more interesting and relevant details, such as more columns, and certainly a balustrade accessible for tourists to ascend to and view the surrounding plaza. I may seem too critical of what is obviously a very important American historical landmark. However, the building is not nearly as impressive as its' history to me, and I think it could be made much more memorable by adding a bit more style, color, and interest. I understand the phrase here in Texas is "Remember the Alamo." I however, will not carry its memory with me for long, as I feel it suffers from architectural apathy, rather than a real joyous interest in creating a unique and valuable monument to God - and to the architect who had a vision for detail and design."
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The Parthenon, 2006.
An overview of the history and background of Athens' Parthenon.
894 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in its day, the Parthenon was considered the finest example of a Doric order temple and how it was built in the 5th century BCE to give thanks to Athena, the city's patron goddess, for the salvation of Athens and Greece in the Persian Wars.
From the Paper
""The name Parthenon refers to the worship of Athena Parthenos, the 'Virgin Athena' who issued fully grown from the head of her father Zeus" ("Parthenon, Athens, Greece"). Athena was the maiden goddess and patroness of Athens. She represented the gifts of intellect and understanding. Because of her purity in body, mind, and heart, Athena was considered "the symbol of the universal human aspiration for wisdom" ("Parthenon, Athens, Greece"). The topographical location, geometry, and astronomical orientation of the Parthenon reinforce the symbolism of the Parthenon as a shrine to the quest for wisdom. The temple itself was built to embody Athena's presence, both in its intention and in its physical construction."
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The Basilicas, 2004.
An examination of the basilicas in the Forum Romanum.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies and examines the three main basilicas in the Forum Romanum: Aemilia, Julia and Sempronia. The paper presents them as massive structures, generally rectangular in shape with two or more semi-circular apses or recesses. The paper explains how these basilicas were highly illuminated through the use of clerestory windows, usually greatly elevated and above the roof itself. The paper contends that in these beautiful structures, one can easily sense the Roman desire for broad, uninterrupted architectural spaces enclosed for the convenience of human transaction. The paper also explains the importance of the basilicas to the citizens of Rome, as they provided a place to meet, to converse and to witness the majesty of imperial Rome on a daily basis.
From the Paper
"During the Republican period in ancient Rome, most buildings were constructed as the need arose and were designed to serve public utility or the religious and commemorative needs of the State. And within the vast complex known as the city of Rome, the Forum Romanum served as the center of political life; it was also a place where the Roman Senate met at regular intervals and where the citizens of Rome could behold public spectacles, banquets and gladiatorial contests (Dudley, p. 48).
Thus, the Forum Romanum was, in many respects, the heart of things in ancient Rome, the administrative and social center of the city whose magnificent buildings were constructed over the site of the earliest settlements (Arnott, p. 17). In essence, the Forum Romanum was the galactic hub of Rome and allowed all of the citizens to participate in the daily activities of the city and to socialize with friends, family and, at times, enemies."
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The Innovative Ideas of Le Corbusier, 2005.
A look at the architectural vision of Swiss architect, Le Corbusier.
2,357 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of Le Corbusier's contribution to modern architecture, as well as his role in the larger Modernist movement in contemporary art. The paper contends that the influences that affected Le Corbusier's style and vision in architecture were related to events in history as well as contemporary art and philosophy. In other words, Le Corbusier's architectural vision was part of the artistic movements and milieu of his era and this forms part of the understanding of his influence on architecture.
From the Paper
"Le Corbusier was attracted to the visual arts from an early age. The earliest houses that he designed were similar in design to the vernacular architectural styles popular in the Alps. Later he expanded his artistic horizons and traveled to Europe where he was employed in the offices of the pioneer of reinforced concrete, Auguste Perret. Between October 1910 and March 1911 he worked for the renowned architect Peter Behrens near Berlin. All of these influences were to have an impact on the development of his style and architectural philosophy."
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Architect Frank Gehry, 2005.
This paper discusses Frank Gehry, a leading architect noted for his innovative structures using industrial materials in new ways.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Franks Gehry is probably the foremost proponent of the dean of American architecture Philip Johnson's "Deconstructivist Architecture". The author points out that Gehry links his work in interesting ways with the environment and with the culture of the structure's surroundings. The paper reviews the critics of several of his works: The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain; the Malibu studio and residence of artist Ron Davis; the expansion of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) and the Disney Music Hall in Los Angeles.
From the Paper
"Germano Celant refers to the architecture of Frank Gehry as "idealized cities - essences of urbanity which, refracted and re-presented through Gehry's aerial vision, throws open new ways of understanding the spatial and temporal dimensions of architecture." Celant also emphasizes ways in which the buildings of Gehry seem to expand out of themselves. He is referring specifically to buildings Gehry had designed for Los Angeles when he says that they "seem to split open and break apart, to burst out of closed containers and shoot off in all linguistic directions, as if seduced by the urban eroticism of Los Angeles." Celant says that many of these structures consist of a collection of structures making up a "house-city" marked by transparency through which one can observe details by peering through "apertures or lattices, panels or filters, through chain link or glass."'
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Historical Buildings Conservation, 2005.
A look at the economic and political contexts that influenced the practice of heritage conservation of historical buildings.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the economic and political influences that made possible the implementation of conservation of historic buildings in contemporary society. This paper posits that rapid urbanization and need for economic gain and concern for environmentalism are the economic and political factors, respectively, that helped promote heritage conservation become implemented among historic buildings.
From the Paper
"The prevalence of the practice of heritage conservation has been instigated with cultural concerns that arise from a developed human society, along with its gradual movement toward becoming a more technologically-advanced civilization. Primarily, heritage conservation, specifically of historical sites and buildings, was introduced as part of organizations' attempts to preserve humanity's cultural heritage. That is, the argument put forth in introducing heritage conservation is culture-based."
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Inigo Jones, 2005.
A biographical account of the life and work of 16th century English architect, Inigo Jones.
4,182 words (approx. 16.7 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper details the life of Inigo Jones, talks about where he derived many of his architectural themes and style, discusses the influence he would have on future architects and architecture and explains how many of his structures would become key architectural landmarks in England.
Introduction
Roman Architecture
Inigo Jones
Architecture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Inigo Jones was born on July 15, 1573, in the Parish of St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield. Much about his life remains unknown, including the derivation of his name, details about his mother, and most of his early training. A tradition exists that he was apprenticed to a joiner in St. Paul's Churchyard, but this is only a tradition, with no evidence to support it. The anonymous author of the account in one book holds that Inigo was "early distinguished by his inclination to drawing, and was particularly taken notice of for his skill in the practice of landscape-painting," though most give no credit to this account. Little is known about whatever job he was pursuing until he gave it up to travel to Italy."
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The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser, 2005.
An examination of the great Step-Pyramid of Djoser, designed by Imhotep and the belief system it represented.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that the ancient Egyptian sage Imhotep has two unique claims to fame: 1) he provides historians with the best documented instance of the deification of a man, and 2) he is the first known individual of genius. In a truly ironic fashion, the mortal man who designed the Great Step Pyramid as a tomb for the godlike Pharaoh Djoser was transformed into a god almost 2,000 years later and became the Egyptian god of healing. This paper provides an overview of the sage and vizier, Imhotep, the Great Step-Pyramid and its reflection of the belief systems in place at the time. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. The paper includes a photograph of the pyramid.
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Imhotep
Step Pyramid of Djoser and Its Reflection of the Belief System
Personal Reasons for Selecting This Topic
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In sum, it is certainly not an exaggeration to describe the Step Pyramid as a one of the most remarkable architectural works produced by the ancient Egyptians. "That later generations regarded it with exceptional esteem is dear, not only from the veneration which they accorded to Imhotep, but also from hieratic graffiti on the passage walls of the southern building, which record the admiration felt by some Egyptians who visited the monument more than a thousand years after it was built" (Edwards 1955:63). In fact, no other known pyramid has been found with the same quantity of imposing buildings designed specifically to supply the needs of the king in his after-life. In their stead, the kings who ruled two dynasties later were satisfied with pictorial representations simply carved in relief."
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