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Cambodian Western Style Housing, 2007.
This paper analyzes the problems of developing western style housing in Cambodia, especially the urban areas of Phnom Penh.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Cambodian government has begun to make vast improvements to westernize its housing system in terms of design and in distribution of land. The author points out that, while urbanization plays a vital role in free market trade and democratic governments, the lack of purchasing power, financial strength and the legal loopholes required to obtain a new home in Phnom Penh are problems for the general Cambodian population. The paper stresses that Cambodians, who were colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th century, are accustomed to the centralized living styles of French flats, which provide more communal areas; whereas, the American investors are insisting on implementing western style condominiums, which differ in the sense that the facilities provide more privacy and space.
Table of Contents:
Historical Background
The Need for Land and Growth
Culture and Foreign Investment
History of Housing in Phnom Penh
Cambodian Fiscal System
The Development of French Style Flats and Western Condominiums
Legal Requirements for Construction of Housing
The Cost of Living in the New Phnom Penh
Analysis: French Style Flats versus Western Style Condominiums
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is evident that Cambodia has a distinct disadvantage compared to the rest of the Asian countries. Primarily, the remnants of war has left a poverty stricken country with the responsibility of re-shaping its entire government, providing education and health care to needy families and finding adequate professional workers to maintain a new democratic system of public administration. However, there are many advantages to starting over for Cambodia, as the United Nations and the United States have taken a great interest in the rebuilding efforts. With a new, open economy and sufficient developmental programs, Cambodia stands at a crossroads for change."
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The Castle, 2007.
This paper argues that the castle was the focus of the medieval town.
3,345 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that characterizing the medieval era as a period of barbarism ignores the fact that rebuilding a civilization after the fall of the Roman Empire was a laborious process. The author points out that despite this struggle, new urban centers emerged that would eventually become the seats of learning and progress during the later Enlightenment and the Renaissance. The paper stresses that the castle became the focal point of the major urban development because cathedrals and monasteries could never give the degree of military defense that could be provided by the castle. The author concludes that, towering over sprawling medieval cities, the castle was a visual architectural reminder that order and authority were a significant part of medieval life, both in keeping invaders out and keeping the citizenry in line with the interests of the city's elite.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Development of the Castle in the Medieval Era
The Castle as Symbolic Focal Point
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The castle projected an image of power and security that was not only a deterrent to attack but also a source of pride and security for the people who lived around the castle. The castle provided the impetus for urban growth, and that urban growth (through increased tax revenues) also provided the finances necessary to expand the scale and defenses of the castle itself. A feedback loop of a sort was established between the medieval city and the medieval castle. Urban redevelopment after the fall of the Roman Empire continued along these lines for a thousand years until the beginning of the Renaissance."
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Frank Lloyd Wright and his Prairie Style Houses, 2008.
This paper explores the architectural and societal elements of Frank Lloyd Wright's "prairie style" housing.
2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses where Wright found inspiration for his ideas and techniques and how he enhanced and embellished these lessons to create his own unique style. The paper explains how the societal influences of his upbringing, as well as the Japanese design exhibit at the Chicago Exposition of 1893, profoundly impacted Wright's style. The paper describes his "prairie style" houses that shattered tradition and made architectural history.
From the Paper
"Frank Lloyd Wright, always a great showman and popularizer of his own architectural works, did nothing to discourage the legends and mythology surrounding their creation. From his writings, one can easily draw the implication that they sprang "sui generous", germinating in some kind of virgin birth from the mind and spirit of the great master himself. In fact, all of his brilliant innovative works, including his extraordinary Prairie Style houses, are built on a foundation that came before. They are the logical result of antecedents found in the architectural environment and society in which Wright was born and raised, and from lessons he eagerly learned. He was both a product of, and a contributor to, the dynamic and rapidly changing mid-Western society of late 19th Century America."
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Adolf Loos' Michaelerplatz, 2008.
This paper discuses Adolf Loos' building in Vienna called Michaelerplatz and why it was one of the most controversial constructions of its time..
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Adolf Loos' Michaelerplatz building in Vienna, completed in 1911, was one of the most controversial constructions of its time. The author points out that its distinctiveness is rooted in how the building reflects the fundamental dispute between its designer Loos and the prevailing economic, social and cultural powers of his time concerning the role of ornamentation in architecture. The paper reports that Loos argued that ornamentation was wasteful of wealth and labor, thus contested the sizable industries in Vienna that were dependent upon the continual renewal of the city's ersatz Baroque palaces for their livelihood. The author concludes that Loos' Michaelerplatz pointed the way towards the modernist preoccupation with functional over formal qualities that would ultimately come to shape the architecture of the twentieth century. The paper includes many quotations.
Table of Contents:
The Problem of Ornamentation
Loos' Michaelerplatz and Its Controversies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Without the ornamentation of the window baskets, we can see that the facade of the top floors of the Michaelerplatz is remarkable for its sheer white surface. The windows are square incisions in the facade without decorative designs whatsoever. Indeed, the only things that may be considered at all "ornamental" in regard to the Michaelerplatz are the marble walls along the facade of the lower floors of the building. This marble differentiates the lower floors from the upper ones, and may be seen by some as a violation of Loos' views on ornamentation. This would be a mistake, however, for these walls are fully in keeping with Loos' overall theories on architecture and architectural materials.
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Gottfried Semper, 2007.
An analysis of the architectural designs of Gottfried Semper, particularly the first and second Dresden Hoftheater.
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of Gottfried Semper who was a nineteenth century German architect. It specifically analyzes the first and second Dresden Hoftheater designs that he created. It discusses Semper's major contributions to architecture, both as a theorist and as an architect. The paper includes some pictures of his designs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gottfried Semper
Dresden Hoftheater
From the Paper
"Semper made major contributions to architecture both as a theorists and as an architect. His career was divided by his time outside of Germany, but his most notable structures were created and built in Germany. His second design for the Hoftheater can be seen to this day, for the structure is still in existence and still used as an opera house, benefiting not only from Semper's exterior designs but from the interior and the elements that Semper added to the stage in relation to the audience."
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Corporate Design, 2007.
This paper analyzes the influence of corporate designs on society and the daily lives of individuals.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one can understand the importance of corporate design when one realizes that consumers purchase products, such as home electronics, are based primarily upon the design of these products rather than on their underlying quality. The author points out that design has integrated business and commercial activity into the very domain of the home, which was once considered private, personal and off limits to business activity. The paper relates that ergonomics has influenced design in the work environment, which has changed the work place from a place of servitude to a place of comfort where an individual is not an accessory to the environment but rather a part of the environment.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Design as Human Enterprise
Manifestation in Daily Life
The Work Environment
The Urban Setting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A perfect illustration that design has a pervasive impact on the human condition is found in the argument that architects are partly social engineers as well as designers. Architects in certain disciplines affect social change across demographics within a city by virtue of what and how they design the structures where individuals interact with the civil environment of the city. ... Architects examine design not as a method to control nature but as a way to facilitate the human interaction with nature and improve that interaction to the benefit of both nature and mankind."
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Egypt and Monumental Architecture, 2007.
An analysis of the centrality of Egyptian monuments and architecture to the religion of ancient Egypt.
819 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the monumental architecture in Egypt that was associated with worship of the gods and with funeral customs. The paper discusses the building and development of the pyramids and the purposes that they served. It then shows how the cycle of birth and rebirth is expressed in much Egyptian art and is central to the religion of ancient Egypt.
From the Paper
"The pyramids, of course, are massive tombs for high-born rulers, while smaller tombs or burial sites have been found for people of lesser rank, including massive underground structures housing hundreds of mummies in some cases. The huge statues in the Valley of the Kings were also dedicated to rulers who had died and were carved in stone so they would be remembered. The polytheistic religion of the Egyptians supported their ideas about the after-life and about how their rulers would join the gods after death, just as they represented the gods in this world."
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Modernity and Post-Colonial India, 2007.
An analysis of how architectural modernism captures the economic, cultural and political phenomena emerging in India.
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at modernity and how architectural modernism captures the economic, cultural and political phenomena re-making India in the twenty-first century. The paper focuses on the architectural work of Joseph Allen Stein and discusses how his work encapsulates the new virility and promise of post-colonial India as it unshackled itself from generations of British rule after the end of World War II. The paper suggests that the key to India can be seen in the monuments it builds to itself.
From the Paper
"At the same time, modernist architecture survives as a political statement insofar as it also masks infelicities that Indians may not want outsiders to see. For example, the city of Bombay is a modern city organized like few others - but that modern image of looming skyscrapers and cleverly-conceived infrastructure merely papers over elements of nativism and communalism that threaten Bombay's gleaming international image (Prakash, 2006). Therefore, just as modern-day India uses impressive modernist structures to announce its arrival on the world stage, it also uses those same structures and architectural embellishments to hide from view darker national traditions and vestiges of its past it wishes to remain unseen."
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Developing a Green Residence, 2007.
A case study of a plan to develop a large green residence in the inland Pacific Northwest area.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that transforming the concept of creating a green building, which interacts with the planet's ecosystem, into a coherent, rational and specific plan and constructing it is a challenge. The author points out that the conditions of a green building design process are low construction impact, resource efficiency through the life of the building, long lasting, nontoxic and aesthetically pleasing. The paper relates that choosing wood, especially large timbers, for a green home may seem odd; however, wood is the greenest of green building materials because it is a dense collection of cellulose that is strong, flexible, and eminently workable and is a renewable resource.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: A Wealthy Celebrity's Green Dream
The Location: The Inland Pacific Northwest
The Design: Materials and Structure
The Design: Peripheral Systems
Conclusions: The Green Home
From the Paper
"With the client's requirements in mind, the site considerations, and the aforementioned green building criteria, I have determined that the most appropriate building style for this site will be pole construction, in which large round timbers provide the skeletal support structure on which the roof and floors are hung. Pole construction has the benefit of being easily adaptable to most sites, including the steep site that the client owns. In addition, the simplicity of the construction method means that both material and labor costs are reduced dramatically, further limiting resource and energy depletion."
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Architect Frank Gehry, 2007.
This paper discuses four structures designed by world famous architect Frank Gehry: The Malibu studio and residence of artist Ron Davis, the Experience Music Project in Seattle, the Disney Music Hall and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Frank Gehry is noted not only for the unusual organic look and materials on the exterior of his buildings but also for changing the way people relate to the interior design of buildings. The author points out, in the examples of Gehry's designs, how he shows interesting variations on the way people relate to the interior, get into and out of the interior and react to the function of each building. The paper relates that Gehry's interiors and exteriors also are linked to the land more directly than is often the case with other structures, not merely by being placed on a certain ground but by making use of this terrain and by forming an organic bond inside and out.
From the Paper
"The Disney Hall seems to connect to the street in some ways. The Seattle music building includes a rail system that goes right through the building. The museum in Bilbao connects the structure directly to the street and to the main thoroughfare of the town, a road that cuts through the complex of buildings making up the museum. The museum itself is not a single structure but a series of nineteen galleries connected in such a way that they make up one large building, or at least give the impression of one large building."
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Peace Bridge, 2007.
The paper discusses the Peace bridge and looks at the proposal of a new additional bridge.
2,152 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.
From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."
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Gothic Architecture's Emphasis on God and the World, 2007.
An analysis of Gothic style in churches in the high and late Medieval period.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Gothic architecture of the high and late Medieval period. It particularly focuses on the style of the Abbey Church of St. Denis near Paris, discussing its linear design, light and color. The paper discusses the style of Gothic churches and how their design (such as their arches and linear patterns) is aimed at causing the viewer to look upwards towards God.
From the Paper
" One is left to imagine how such structures impressed visitors of centuries ago, many of them illiterate or otherwise uneducated, for whom at least popular Christianity and Roman Catholic Church authority were extremely important psychological bearings. The unusual, often very pale light of larger Gothic churches is much promoted by wall surfaces that can seem like transparent curtains towards a feeling of weightlessness with higher reaches of a structure featuring many smaller windows but with the observer's eye naturally drawn to what are often large panels of light afforded by stained glass windows of different kinds. Windows are often seen of the 'lancet' design that appear singly, or grouped together in rows, in some churches giving the impression of a kind of fortress lined by vertical slits, part of the upward verticality that all such churches feature. When examining Gothic church architecture one locates far more than understanding of the power or authority of Rome, in what can be a strong insight into the medieval mind, in a view of society as was thought to be logical and proper, and in other insights into just what Gothic cathedrals have meant, some of them through time and into the present, for the residents of dozens of European cities for whom the landmark cathedral has offered constant reminders of another dimension that is decidedly a-material, and yes, a sense of the principal church as the proper orientation point for human society in a manner that lingers."
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The Roman Coliseum, 2007.
An historical approach to the architecture, symbolism and use of the Roman Coliseum.
3,021 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Roman Coliseum as it stood and as it was utilized during the first two centuries AD. In particular, it reviews the noteworthy architecture of the Coliseum as well as what the Coliseum stood for and what it was used for. The paper argues that the Coliseum, while a remarkably modern structure, was a symbol of exploitation and its presence on the Roman landscape today raises a number of dark issues about the psyche of the brilliant civilization that brought it into being.
From the Paper
"In closing, the last several pages have provided a brief historical sketch of the Roman Coliseum as it stood during its height - and the height of Roman power - in the first two centuries after the death of Christ. The paper has reviewed in particular the architectural features of the Amphitheatre and the paper has also examined what purposes it served and the uses to which it was put. Furthermore, the paper has illuminated the dark and exploitative elements which are also a part of the Coliseum's historical legacy. In the final analysis, what should emerge from this paper is an appreciation for the exquisite skill required to erect such a monument and a concomitant appreciation for the dark forces which linked the Coliseum with acts of almost unspeakable cruelty."
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Project Management Evaluation, 2007.
This paper presents a management evaluation report of a garage apartment construction project.
1,102 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper's report outlines the process for performance measurement to be used in the analysis of a garage apartment construction project. The report defines the performance measurement system to be used and conflict resolution procedures to be employed in the event that scheduling or budgeting conflicts become apparent. The report includes a project termination process for closing out the project and evaluating its success.
Outline:
Performance Measurement System
Conflict Resolution
Project Termination
From the Paper
"Moyer-Angus (1993) claims that in construction management projects, it is important, among other items, to achieve the following objectives in the context of a performance review: (1) determine project goals; (2) determine type, scope, and depth of analysis; (3) define the methodology for analysis; (4) gather information and perform analysis; and (5) report recommendations based on the analysis. According to this view, it is key to know beforehand what will be measured, how it will be measured, with what data, and to what effect. This section will outline the performance measurement for this project to address such concerns."
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Urban Culture and Innovation, 2007.
This paper explains how urban culture and society impacted and shaped achievement in science and in technology, especially as discussed by Lewis Mumford.
3,760 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the urban ecosystem in expediting the exchange of ideas, in creating vast local markets for new products, in forcing urban planners and engineers to look at new ways of meeting the pressing exigencies brought about by dynamic growth, and in concentrating human and productive resources in a geographically discrete location so that they can be exploited fully. The author points out that Lewis Mumford relates that, in the early American towns, businesses, in ceaseless competition, sought innovations to stay "one step ahead". The paper states that Mumford argues that the essential "garden city", which incorporates nature into the urban world and vice versa, actually existed in the colonial America of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
From the Paper
"One of the more controversial items Mumford raises in his work is the view that the urban community and the culture springing from it are not simply phenomena intrinsically designed to build human wealth and/or to fulfill basic human needs. Perhaps, at one time, that was indeed the case, but Mumford insists that the modern urban society is pre-eminently one in which the "conquest" of nature and the "control of life" are the chief aims of those who wield power over the productive appendages of the mega-machine."
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University of Phoenix Stadium, 2007.
A personal description of the University of Phoenix Stadium.
1,207 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The writer describes the University of Phoenix Stadium as the biggest and grandest adaptable sports arena in the world. The writer depicts the stadium's magnificence and artistic beauty, its significant features and the numerous events that have been held at the arena. The writer also provides reviews of this stadium.
Outline:
Introduction
Significant Features
Events
Reviews
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world witnessed the ceremonial groundbreaking for the University of Phoenix Stadium on April 12, 2003. The University of Phoenix Stadium is by far the biggest and grandest adaptable sports arena in the world. Glendale, Arizona serves as its home, right across the Jobing.com Arena which is the official residence of the NHL Phoenix Coyotes. The NFL Arizona Cardinals along with the Tostitos Fiesta Bowl are its principal leaseholders. The University of Phoenix which is a for-profit institution dedicated to the sphere of mature studies legally attained the naming privileges by September last year. Originally the stadium was called the "Cardinals Stadium"."
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Greek and Roman Architecture, 2007.
This paper discusses and compares Greek and Roman architecture.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Greek architecture has long been identified with the creation of the three classic architectural orders, the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The writer points out that Greek temples were not directly linked to the orders but show basic features that are much alike. The writer then discusses that Roman architecture reflects a way of public and private life, borrowing elements from the Greeks and the Etruscans. The writer concludes that Greek architecture is more limited in scope and adheres more closely to ideas of unity and symmetry, more like chamber music. The writer maintains that Roman architecture is more expansive and more inclusive, balancing different elements in the manner of the symphony.
From the Paper
"The Greeks studied proportions to secure a general harmony in the relative massiveness or slenderness of all the parts as well as a mathematical relation between their dimensions. This process could be likened to that involved in chamber music, where harmony among the elements is controllable with the limited number of instruments and the unity of musical elements."
"R.W. Livingstone cites some of the differences between the Greek and Roman approaches to architecture in terms of the Greek dedication to the architectural order as the vocabulary of Greek architecture, stating ... "
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The Pyramids, 2007.
An address to the people of Egypt, explaining the construction of the pyramid in Giza.
1,984 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper is written in the form of an address to the people of Egypt at the time of the construction of the pyramids. The paper instructs the people of Egypt to engineer and build a triumphant pyramid for Khufu at Giza. It explains the need for the pyramid and how the people will be rewarded for its construction by the Pharaoh Khufu. It also explains, in detail, how the pyramid will be constructed, including its materials and architecture.
From the Paper
"A specialized team of workers will also be assigned to creating the pharaoh's inner chamber. The inner chamber shall not be constructed of the Giza granite but rather, of special stone from Aswan. Do not balk. We cannot be halfhearted with so sacred an endeavor. From Aswan we will trek through the sands to reach Giza because it is our sacred duty, because we know that by assisting the pharaoh we assist ourselves and our children and all of Egypt. There is no better way for us to show our gratitude for the king's will on earth than to participate in a project such as this. The people of Egypt will unite just as the Kingdoms of the South and North were united under Narmer (Hooker). No other pharaoh before Khufu had secured the integrity of Egypt, and this pyramid is his worthy tribute. His inner chamber shall be laden with treasure, befitting for a king such as he. The inner chamber shall be replete with sacred texts used to guide the pharaoh's soul to the afterlife, and it shall be replete with gold and jewels that the pharaoh be greeted as a god in the afterlife."
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Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus Movement, 2007.
This paper studies Walter Gropius and looks at the role and significance of the Bauhaus Movement.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a brief biography of Walter Gropius's early life, including education and influences. The writer discusses the role played by the Bauhaus Movement in the Imperial Germany of the 19th and 20th centuries in addition to describing the contribution made by the Bauhaus style of Architecture in the United States. The writer concludes that Walter Gropius was without doubt one of the most important architects of the previous century. The writer maintains that his significance lies in having realized the necessity of combining the previously separate fields of art and craft early in his career and in bringing the art of designing closer to the realities of the industrial age.
Outline:
Walter Gropius's Life
Early Influences and Work
The First World War and Marriage
Weimer and Dessau
Exile, Harvard and Death
The Role of the Bauhaus Movement in 19th and 20th Century Germany
Background
Influence of the Bauhaus Movement in Germany
Bauhaus Style Contribution in the United States
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even before of the end of World War I, Walter Gropius was invited to become the director of the School of Arts and Craft and the Academy of Fine Arts in Weimer. Walter accepted the position and took over as the director of the institutions in 1919 after the end of the War. It was a time of artistic confusion and architects and designers, as well as painters and sculptors who were mostly individual romantics seemed to be drifting directionless with their art. Amidst such confusion, Gropius knew exactly what to do: he was convinced that no distinction could be made between fine arts and practical crafts and immediately proceeded to unify the two schools, re-naming it the Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar. The move proved to be a pivotal moment in Gropius's life and modern architecture as it signaled the start of the Bauhaus movement. It was at Bauhaus, Weimer that Gropius introduced his new approach to design education that emphasized the principal of uniting art and technology that revolutionized modern design."
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