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Konarak Temple of the Sun, 1996.
Significance of erotic sculptures in Hindu temple in India. Construction, religious & sexual meanings, yogic aspects, iconography.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The Temple of the Sun at Konarak in India's Orissa state is considered the high point of the tradition of Hindu temple building that began in the late eighth century. Shortly after the Konarak temple was built in the mid-thirteenth century the Mughal invasions put a premature end to this architectural tradition. The Konarak temple was a monumental representation of the chariot of the Sun God. It featured twelve pairs of wheels on its side walls and the figure of the god standing at the front of the building driving his horses. Almost every square inch of the temple's outer walls is covered with carvings that range widely from abstract designs to animals, human beings, and gods and vary in size from a few inches to many feet." One of the most striking aspects of the sculptural program of this particular temple is the enormous number of erotic sculptural..."
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Thomas Jefferson & the University of Virginia, 1996.
Founding Father's architectural development, influences, style, intentions & theories as expressed in university's design.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"At the end of his long career as President, diplomat, politician, political writer, inventor and architect Thomas Jefferson created a work that was the crowning achievement of his career. As an intellectual concept realized in his own architectural design, the University of Virginia is one of the greatest achievements in American architecture. Deriving his ideas for the buildings from classical architecture, Jefferson employed the ancient forms in a new manner that was suited to the times, the location, and the purposes for which he designed them. His conceptions did not, in the long run, turn out to be the influential force in architecture that might be expected -- his influence lay more in the area of principles than of style. But the University has preserved his original campus and it stands as a monument to his ideas and his talents. The central building in..."
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Ascetic Views on Churches, 2001.
Discusses 2 opposing views of church ornamentation in early Middle Ages: simplicity vs luxuriousness in terms of worship.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The clich? that art?s beauty is in the eyes of the beholder is clearly demonstrated in the opposite views held by St. Bernard of Clairvaux, the most eloquent among the enemies of Romanesque art versus Suger, the abbot of St. Denis, who favored increasing ornamentation in the construction and maintenance of the churches. These two men clearly demonstrate the differences and incompatibilities between the ascetics and the clergy who favored greater luxuriousness.
Given the time frame in which St. Bernard and Abbot Suger lived and worshipped, there are powerful arguments to be made for both sides. On the side of the ascetic view, when St. Bernard quotes a pagan as asking ?what doeth this gold in the sanctuary?? - he is clearly signifying that worship of God and.."
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Construction of Pyramids, 2001.
Reviews application of mathematics by ancient Egyptians in design and construction of Pyramids. 2 Exhibits.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This research reviews the application of mathematics by the ancient Egyptians in the construction of pyramids. This research focuses on two issues. The first issue involves the mathematical principles that, of necessity, were applied in the construction of the pyramids. The second issue concerns the contention by some people that alien civilizations from outer space were the source of mathematical knowledge required for the construction of the pyramids in Egypt, as the Egyptians of that era had not developed the knowledge of mathematics required for such an undertaking.
A pyramid is a polyhedron whose base is a polygon and whose sides are triangles having a common vertex. The pyramids at Giza..."
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Frank Llloyd Wright, 2001.
Discusses his design and aesthetic philosophy for building the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo (1916-1922).
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959) was the friend, disciple, and one-time partner of Louis Sullivan, but it was Wright who moved modern architecture toward what he thought of as an ?organic? orientation (Hamilton, 1992). Wright rejected the conventionally symmetrical plan of rooms arranged along either side of the hall for one in which the principal rooms were placed on cross-axes extending from a central space. In both his public and private structures, Wright employed a specific philosophy of how man and his environment were two halves of the same coin, sharing a common identity and reinforcing the existence of each other (Hamilton, 1992). Wright was influenced not only by the ideas of Sullivan and other ?modern? architects of the so-called Chicago school. He was also enormously influenced by Japanese architecture. It is this influence..."
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Dome of the Rock, 2001.
Describes example of Islamic architecture & decoration. Brief history of the building, stylistic sources, movtives of the builder & function of the monument.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Islamic architecture is frequently noted for the splendor of the mosaics and tiles that ornament mosques, mausoleums and palaces. It is fitting, therefore, that the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the earliest surviving example of Muslim building, is as beautifully adorned as any. Yet, although it stands at the head of a long tradition of such elaborate decorative schemes, the Dome of the Rock is atypical in most other ways: the borrowed building type is not one of the characteristic forms later developed by Islamic culture; its intended use is uncertain, unlike most later Islamic architecture where function is unambiguous; and the decorative mosaics inside the dome not only reflect the cultures from which the styles were derived but also constitute an iconographic program whose meaning has been obscured by time. In one important respect, however, the..."
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Gothic Architecture, 2001.
Elements of the style & its evolution; churches.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Gothic architecture is viewed in two different but complementary ways. On the one hand the Gothic style was the result of daring builders who took preexisting elements from Romanesque architecture, experimented with them, improved upon them, and produced new technological forms. On the other hand, the great churches were reflections of the heavenly city as a "gem-encrusted, translucent, shining vision (Kostof 331). These two ways of looking at the Gothic are really one, however, since, as Kostof puts it, "technology needs a vision to become a style" (332-33). The new manner of building might have occurred anyway since the principal elements--the pointed arch, the vault rib, the flying buttress, stained glass--had all been used in other places prior to the 1130s. But the immense expenditures and the radical change in style would not have been justified if there..."
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San Francisco, 2001.
Examines old & new architecture of city, impact of tourism. Examples of styles & major buildings.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"San Francisco is a city for tourists. While it is also one of the best cities in which to live, tourism is such a major factor in the city's economy that it is impossible to conceive of it in any other way. It is, therefore, a city that needs to be looked at--and one that rewards looking. Despite having been almost completely destroyed by the earthquake and fire of 1906 San Francisco also features a large number of examples of architecture from another era. In part this is due to a number of pre-fire survivals and, more frequently, results from the fact that the fire preceded the rise of modernist taste in architecture. Although the destruction of much of the city's fine architecture has also taken place since the 1950s, in the name of progress, this is probably a serious miscalculation. While it is nearly always an aesthetic mistake, it could also.."
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Paris, 2001.
History of construction of city in 19th & 20th centuries. Changes; urban planning; transportation; momuments.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Cities change all the time, growing larger, replacing old buildings, redesigning roadways and connections between buildings and regions, and similar changes as the population shifts, uses change, political leadership is replaced, and other forces are brought to bear. Numerous changes were made in the overall design of the city of Paris after the nineteenth century, absorbing and in some ways altering the original plan for the city and many of the shifts that had taken place since that time.
Paris was a medieval city that grew around the river Seine, and this capital city of France remained much as it had been in the medieval period into the nineteenth century. The Revolution in 1789 had changed this city very little except for the razing of the Bastille. The city at that time was considered an ..."
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Bauhaus School of Architecture, 2001.
Discusses its modernist style of design and pedogogical approach.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The achievement of the Bauhaus school of architecture and design consisted of its novel pedagogical approach and its distinctive modernist style of design. While both of these aspects of the Bauhaus movement originated in its innovative aesthetic and were intrinsically linked while the movement flourished, the style was to be replaced by different design ideas that sometimes derived from aesthetics similar to that of the Bauhaus and, very often, from training based on Bauhaus methods. There was no necessary connection between Bauhaus style, which might have developed in various directions, and Bauhaus educational principles, which eventually supported the teaching of many kinds of design. These achievements were, therefore, of different kinds. On the one hand, the style developed by the teachers and students was enormously influential..."
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Ancient Roman Architecture, 2002.
A paper which studies the influences of ancient Roman architecture on modern architectural designs.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that ancient Roman architects implemented the elements of space, symmetry and construction with exceptional innovative skill. Although their most notable achievements, the arch and vault construction, was first conceived by the Etruscans and had a profound influence on Roman architectural style and design, the paper shows that the innovations made by the Romans were still tremendously substantial and distinct.
From the Paper
"Another revolution can be seen in the Roman network of roads. The Romans were the first civilization to make well-designed roads. Around the time of Augustus the major roads were constructed to keep the incredibly large empire linked to avoid collapse. The Romans contributed a number of things to the basic idea of roads, such as archways, city streets, and arch bridges. This greatly increased the ability to build because of the way the roads were laid out. The roads allowed the Roman Empire to expand Rome in every direction; hence the saying ?All roads lead to Rome?. In fact, they were so abundant and well constructed that many of them still exist today as memorable landmarks today."
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Green Architecture in Japan, 2002.
An analysis of Japanese architecture as a reflection of societal values, with an emphasis on the symbiotic nature of green architecture.
4,450 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of green architecture which simply means building in a way that is in harmony to nature, as opposed to being superimposed on it. This research demonstrates through example how green architecture in Japan is a direct result of traditional elements found in Japanese religion and culture. The paper provides examples of different "green" architects and some of their works.
Table of Contents
Defining Green Architecture
An Overview of Japanese Philosophy
Building Material for Green Architecture
Environmental Psychology
Blending the Old with the New
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Man has been building structures since shortly after they began to emerge from caves and to explore areas outside his immediate vicinity. Many animals build structures, such as birds and beaver. Many of these structures are functional and serve only to offer protection from predators and the elements, and so it was with the first structures built by man. They were made from the limited building materials locally available and the emphasis was on functionality, little, if any thought was given to artistic form."
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Skyscrapers, 2002.
A discussion of the origins of skyscrapers, their designs and designers.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the origins of skyscrapers. Factors that made the building of skyscrapers possible, such as technological advancement, and advancements in manufacturing and architecture are outlined. Advantages to the building of skyscrapers over smaller buildings are discussed.
From the Paper
"Skyscrapers flourished in Chicago for a variety of reasons. ?The main technological advancement that made skyscrapers possible was the development of mass iron and steel production. New manufacturing processes made it possible to produce long beams of solid iron. Essentially, this gave architects a whole new set of building blocks to work with? (Harris). The development of elevators also played in the development of skyscrapers, because people could move more quickly and efficiently between floors, which is why skyscrapers are sometimes called ?elevator buildings.?"
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Prairie School Houses, 2002.
A study into Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural style termed "Prairie School Houses".
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed houses which were known as "Prairie School" because of their distinct style. This paper traces the history and the reason why this form of architecture came about, and how it was a reflection of a developing American trend of modernism.
From the Paper
"One of the most striking things about Wright?s houses is their lack of porches. They sink gracefully and beautifully into the ground ? and how can we fault them for this? ? but they also turn their backs on their neighbors. These are houses into which individual families can shut themselves away ? the first sign in at least a psychological sense of the suburbanization of America."
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Integrated Urban Port and Harbor Planning, 2002.
A study into port planning as a multi-faceted project, with an environmental assessment and coast guard facilities.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how port planning involves technical, operational, economic, social and environmental aspects. The author shows how the projects range from terminal rehabilitation until altering the whole area into a communal park, involving several different aspects in economic, social, cultural, ethical and environmental goals.
From the Paper
"The Land Use Coding Manual has classified land use based on the people-oriented activities. A port or harbor should meet this expectance, that the land use should be maximized in a concentrated manufacturing center, which will give sufficient income not only to the harbor but also to the local people. In the more detailed plan, ports and harbors are usually planned to be the good housing and within convenient public access for cargo, shipping, fishing and docking business, and other related industries. Any decisions have to refer to support this goals, such as infrastructure development, providing effective traffic line in the area, closing less incompetent facilities and deciding which area will be the center of public, recreational, and/or manufacturing activities."
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Communal Skate Parks, 2002.
A look at the advantages of building a skating park for a rural community's children.
1,565 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper provides step-by-step practical advice regarding a community's decision to construct a skating park. It looks at location, materials, method and style. It also lists the advantages to the community if such a complex would be created.
From the Paper
"In many communities in the United States, there are not but a few safe places where children and teenage can play sports safely. Some teenagers in today?s society like to skateboard in a skate park, however, there are not many of them in rural community. Therefore, most children and teenagers skateboard on an unsafe ramp create themselves. When living in a rural community, the best solution for this problem would be to find grants to help out financially with the skate-park for the people who wish to build a proper one. And, there are some guidelines to follow to build a safe and healthy skate-park environment. For the rural community to have their own skate-park is a great idea since it is their children who are skateboarding on it. Therefore, every community skate-parks are needed should look into it so that their children would be safer."
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History of Architecture, 2001.
A look at the history and development of architecture, focusing on the influence made by Ancient Egyptian architecture.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the reader on a tour of the history of architecture. It shows that the two main characteristics of good architecture are stability and aestheticism. The writer shows how the Ancient Egyptians managed to build with these characteristic so many years ago and how this has influenced modern architecture today. It compares later uses of material by the Romans and the Egyptians and analyzes which civilization introduced which material.
From the Paper
'The architecture of a building is conceived with two things in mind: Structural stability, and aesthetic design. In all structures, stability is obviously the aspect which takes precedence over aesthetics. A visually stunning building is worth nothing if it cannot stand the test of time. This is an idea which the Egyptians created, and then took to its utmost extreme. Many view the Egyptian style of creation as the father of modern architecture, being as durable as it was stunning. Several common elements of architecture such as pillars were reputedly created by the Egyptians, and these are still used in the creation of modern buildings. The Egyptian engineers had a good grasp of fundamental physics, and the role it must play in the design of structures. The Architects then took this knowledge, and fused it with grand aesthetic design, creating buildings which would become a simple base of reference for all structures which were built in the future. Egyptian civilization is known primarily for the structures it left behind. Most of which still stand, either in whole or in part today. "Although 3000 BC is considered almost prehistoric, the style of architecture which resulted from Egyptian building in this period is one which has endured as a major contribution to modern design and construction styles."
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The Bauhaus School of Architecture: A Critical Study, 2002.
This essay examines the Bauhaus school of architecture which originated in Germany in the 1920 and remains the most influential architectural movement.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Bauhaus architectural movement and its relationship to the massive technological advances of the early twentieth century. It examines the philosophical beliefs of the Bauhaus founders and evaluates their finest achievement, the Dessau Bauhaus, which was completed in 1925. It explains how the Dessau Bauhaus achieved its celebrated status in the world of architecture.
From the Paper
"In the late the 19th and early twentieth century technological advances swept across the world with an undreamed of speed. The pace at which technology reinvented culture seemed almost preternatural, and amounted to the greatest alteration in man?s view of the universe since Isaac Newton (Hughes 15). The study of the modern age (1880-present) and how artistic developments viewed cultural change would not be complete without a look at architecture?s role. The work of an architect will by its nature influence society more than a painting and sculpture; its size and usefulness to poeple make that a certainty. Buildings surround us, we move through them, and they are part of our everyday life."
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St. Mark's Basilica - An International Treasure, 2001.
This paper explores the story of St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy.
2,465 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history and significance St. Mark's Basilica. This church is a major architectural and historical "anchor" of Venice, Italy. It details the church's unique architecture, and gives an historical account of how it was built and by whom. It provides an in-depth description of the church, interior and exterior, and also provides excerpts from stories and myths concerning the church.
From the Paper
"It's a given fact that countless great cathedrals, monasteries, and other holy places have been built over the ages as a testament to man's devotion to God. In point of even more practical fact, that devotion was often tempered and blended with a generous portion of servitude to one's feudal lord as well, with the unspoken incentive that one got to keep one's property, position, or even one's life if one gave good service . . . and if one did not, well, things may not go as well as one would hope! But St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy, may well have an additional distinction of its own?not only as a sign of devotion to God, but as an edifice that stands uniquely in itself as a visual means of atonement for sin, an effort at retribution for what might well be termed a "divine crime " . . ."
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