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Elie Wiesel's "Night", 2005.
This paper is a critique of Elie Wiesel's Holocaust "fiction" "Night".
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Elie Wiesel's "Night" is a harrowing tale of a young boy and his father, who are shipped from their home in Sighet, Transylvania, to the Nazi death camps in Auschwitz and later Buchenwald. The author points out that, while the story is presented as fiction, the book is a true account of Wiesel's experiences as a Jew during the Second World War, demonstrating one boy's struggle with his faith in a world where God has seemed to abandon him: Does God exist for modern man? The paper relates that, even the writing form - short excerpts, vivid details, almost like dreams and snapshots - emphasizes the emotional charge of the bleak "endless night" of the concentration camp experience, which transforms the human individual into an animal being; however, in the incessant lamentation and anger that accompanies Wiesel's theological doubt, there is always an element of faith that springs forth.
Table of Contents
Thesis
Critique
Summary Paragraph
From the Paper
"The absence of God crushes Wiesel's soul as much as the horror around him. He feels the need to find God, to explain why God is so silent. The question repeats itself throughout the book: "Where is God now?" It is followed by the more specific: "What are you, my God?...What does your greatness mean?" Unable to reconcile his belief in a caring, merciful God with his real-life experience of a silent, negligent God, Wiesel turns to his father. His deepest concern in life is to remain close to his father, to not be separated by the constant "selection" of the SS officers, to not let his father become physically weak or to die and leave Wiesel alone. When on the way to Buchenwald he thinks that his father has died, he feels a meaninglessness pervade him and says "there was no more reason to live, no more reason to struggle.""
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Nationalism and Archaeology, 2006.
This paper focuses on the use of archaeology as a tool for political leaders with nationalistic appeal.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper details the fascist regimes in Europe that used archeology as a means to justify and solidify the policies of political leaders and that the abuse of this science continues to this day. This paper centers on Germany's Nazi regime and their manipulation of past history in their rise to power. The research in this paper shows that the Nazis used archaeology not only to justify their claims of superiority but also for oppression and torture. The writer concludes that while archaeology explores the past it will always be subject to manipulation by political leaders who want to legitimize their nationalistic agendas.
From the Paper
"The Nazis did not just use archaeology to justify their claims of superiority, they also used it to oppress and torture other people. They would go on to use pseudo-science to justify their morbid hatred for the Jews. "The Ahnenerbe had a special section known as the Institute for Scientific research for Military Purposes." (Epstein 31) This section carried out horrible experiments on live human prisoners from Dachau and other concentration camps. With these experiments, the Nazis invented anthropological evidence to suggest that it could be proven that Jews were an inferior race by measuring the size of their head. These beliefs combined with Hitler's call for Aryan pride roused a genocidal fury among Germans. For example, the administrator of the Ahnenerbe, Dr. Wolfram Sievers, became heavily involved in medical experiments on Jews who had been thrown in concentration camps. His tests were specifically meant to prove racial differences and the superiority of the Aryan race."
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The Holocaust and American Jewry, 2006.
This paper examines the effects of the Holocaust on American Jews and how this atrocity has in large come to replace spirituality and traditional Judaic knowledge among assimilated Jews in the U.S.
1,694 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper uses numerous and varying sources in explaining how American Jews were affected by the Holocaust by stating how their distance from the event compounds the difficulty of writing about the tragedy, both geographically and increasingly, chronologically. The paper also explains why Holocaust literature was not frequently written in America until the 1960s, when there was a sudden awakening of interest due to the Eichmann trial, the publicizing of which made the facts of the Holocaust newly accessible to Americans.
From the Paper
"Nothing remains of the six million Jews and the European culture that died with them. In their places, we have the multitudes of responses from those who lived to bear witness and those who experienced the Holocaust only indirectly. Lawrence Langer delineates the difference between the event and the symbolism, which has since accrued:
For Dachau, like Auschwitz and in a related sense like Hiroshima, is no
longer merely a place-name with grim historical associations for those who care to pursue them. All three have been absorbed into the collective memory of the human community as independent symbols of a quality of experience more subtle, complex, and elusive than the names themselves can possibly convey."
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Escaping from Sobibor, 2006.
A description of the Sobibor Nazi death camp and a point by point explanation of the escaping procedure that took place in 1943.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the conditions in the Sobibor death camp which was part of the Nazi death machine. It discusses how the conditions might have assisted in the successful escape attempt which occurred in the summer of 1943. An description in the from of a timeline account of the event is included.
From the Paper
"The Sobibor death camp was one of the Nazis' best kept secrets. When Toivi Blatt, one of the very few survivors of the camp, approached a "well-known survivor of Auschitz," with a manuscript he had written about his experiences, he was told, "You have a tremendous imagination. I've never heard of Sobibor and especially not of Jews revolting there." The secrecy of the Sobibor death camp was too successful, its victims and survivors were being disbelieved and forgotten.
The Sobibor death camp did exist and a revolt by the Jewish workers did occur. Within this death camp, in operation for only eighteen months, at least 250,000 men, women, and children were murdered. Only 48 Sobibor prisoners survived the war."
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The Impact of the Holocaust, 2006.
An essay on the lasting impact of the Holocaust on the survivors.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of how the Holocaust affected Jewish people as well as the many others who were also victimized by Hitler and the Nazis.
From the Paper
"The Third Reich's massive assault resulted in the death of 6 million Jews. Hitler, however, did not stop with just this community. Homosexuals, transvestites, gypsies, Slavs, and anyone else considered "deviant" bore the brunt of his wrath as well, as 11 million of them perished. Furthermore, over 1 million children under the age of 16 were killed. Still today, all of these communities are trying to heal from the pain either they themselves endured or those they love did."
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Gays in the Holocaust, 2006.
A look at the treatment that homosexuals received from the Nazis during the Holocaust.
897 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which homosexuals were treated by the Nazis. It explains that while their numbers were much lower than the Jews, they were also a presence in the concentration camps.
From the Paper
"Sadly, after the eventual defeat of the Nazi Party in 1945, homosexuals were not recognized as victims of its wrath. Many gays who were imprisoned in regular prisons were forced to finish out their sentences. The Nuremberg trials did not address the plight of homosexuals with the same degree of seriousness as they did for other victims, and no one was convicted of crimes against them."
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Polish Holocaust Literature, 2005.
This paper analyzes Polish-centered Holocaust literature and films and compares them to similar Holocaust literature from other countries.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in analyzing Polish-centered Holocaust literature and films, it becomes clear that certain themes are recurrent: Imagination vs. reality, exposure vs. nakedness, the inversion of Biblical meaning and of human order in general, pre-destined catastrophe and the appropriateness of humor. The author states that the Polish-centered themes are more vivid and their representation more graphically intense than the general writing about the Holocaust because of the concentration of death camps and the density of its tragedy; Poland is often perceived as the "ground zero" and the pivotal point by which Holocaust writers come to grips with the slaughter of the Jews and others. The paper analyzes many examples of Polish Holocaust literature: Alfred Andersch' "Efraim's Book", Arnold Wesker's " Sophie's Choice", Pierre Gascar's "Seasons of the Dead", Claude Lanzmann's film/ quasi-documentary "Shoah", Aaron Appelfeld's novella "Badenheim 1939", K. Tsetnik's "Salamandra", Henri Raczymow's "Un Cris sans Voix", Emanuel Ringelbaum's "Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto" and the Academy Award winning movie "Life is Beautiful".
From the Paper
"In Shoah literature, certain questions present themselves again and again: Do these themes - which often reflect a universal character of sort - diminish the particular suffering and injustice of the event? Can any writing truly capture the enormous moral crimes of the Holocaust? Sparking a hotly-discussed debate, Theodor Adorno wrote that poetic treatments of the Shoah were a form of "barbarism." In light of this criticism, it has often been asked by both writers and critics alike, what justification does a writer have for treating the subject matter at all? This charge has seldom been directed at any other subject of fiction, but it might be argued that such outrageous criticism is simply evidence of the subject's moral and tragic dimensions."
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"A Holocaust Reader", 2005.
This paper discusses the Holocaust as presented in Rita Botwinick's "A Holocaust Reader: From Ideology to Annihilation".
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Rita Botwinick's "A Holocaust Reader: From Ideology to Annihilation" is a glimpse into the madness of the campaign to exterminate the Jews narrated from a historical and personal viewpoint by those who lived the nightmare. The author states that the Holocaust was not an accident but occurred because individuals, organizations and governments made choices, which not only legalized discrimination but also allowed prejudice, hatred and mass murder to occur, thus exhibiting the outcome of remaining silent and apathetic to the oppression of other human beings.
From the Paper
"The intent of the Reich was to strip all identity from the Jews and make survival impossible. Reinhard Heydrich was the mastermind behind the Nazi death camps. On January 20, 1942 at the Wannsee Conference he illustrated his plans to murder Europe's Jews. In fact, Auschwitz was regarded as the most effective concentration camp created by the Reich to carry out the Final Solution. Rudolf Hoss was named the commandant of Auschwitz whose goal it was to eliminate every prisoner that entered the camp. On August 16, 1942 a section of the barracks was designated for women prisoners. The conditions were far worse than the other sections. They had deplorable sanitary conditions that caused the rapid spread of disease."
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"The War Against the Jews 1933-1945", 2006.
A review of Lucy S. Davidowicz's book "The War Against the Jews 1933-1945".
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Jewish historian Lucy S. Davidowicz wrote "The War Against the Jews 1933-1945" to explain the annihilation of six million Jews during the Second World War by the German state under Adolf Hitler. It looks at how she sets out to prove the Second World War was in fact caused by the desire of Hitler and the German state he built, to exterminate the European Jews.
From the Paper
"Considering the term "Jewish question" Davidowicz cites the "solution" offered by Constantine Pobyedonostsev, chief adviser to Czar Alexander III, in 1881: one-third of the Jews were to emigrate, one-third to convert, and one-third to die of hunger. She observes the National Socialists adopted this concept. She then considers what was a new element adopted by the National Socialists, embodied in the word "final." The main thrust of her argument is the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" in the National Socialist conception was not just another anti-Semitic undertaking, but a "metahistorical" program of judgment and death."
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Elie Wiesel's "Night", 2004.
An analysis of Elie Wiesel's book, "Night", contrasting Elie and his father.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Elie Wiesel's autobiographical book "Night", that presents an account of how Elie and his entire family were taken by the Nazis to concentration camps during World War II. The paper describes how Elie emerges as a much different person from his father. The paper presents a clear comparison of Elie and his father, through the character portraits provided in the book.
From the Paper
"Elie himself, at least at the beginning of Night, seems to be on his way to becoming someone studious and cultured, like his father. As Weisel recalls: "I was twelve. I believed profoundly. During the day I studied the Talmud, and at night I ran to the synagogue to weep over the destruction of the Temple" (p. 1). As the story opens, all Elie has on his mind is his own fascination with the cabbala, and how he might be able to study it sooner than he should, according to Jewish law. Soon, however, that changes, as the Nazis threaten his family and their community of Sighet. The first warning sign is when all the foreign Jews of the community are deported, including Moshe the Beadle. When Moshe escapes, miraculously, he returns to Sighet to warn others, but is ignored. At this point in the story, it seems Elie and his father are very much alike."
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The Sociology of Nazi Germany, 2004.
A sociological analysis of Nazi Germany and how it would be analyzed by Karl Marx and Max Weber.
3,076 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of Karl Marx and Max Weber, highlighting their contributions to sociology. The paper describes the similarities and differences in the philosophy of each man and hypothesizes regarding what they would have thought about Nazi Germany. The paper contends that both the thinkers felt that the key to understanding human nature was that of understanding human actions and these actions were based on social and structural changes. This may explain their feelings on Nazi Germany and the atrocities committed by Hitler, where his actions can only be understood as a part of the social and structural changes of himself as an individual, as well as of himself as he belongs to a society.
From the Paper
"Max Weber, born in 1864, is one of the best-known and most popular scholars of 'sociology', as well as of 'economic work'. One of his best contributions to the cause of economics as well as to sociology is his work entitled "Vertstehen" or what is also known as the theory of 'Interpretative Sociology' and his thinking on 'positivism'. Weber's theory of Verstehen is often seen as being very controversial and questionable. His view is that any research that is connected to history or sociology or economics must be approached with a particular idea or concept, or what is called a 'conceptual apparatus'. This apparatus was referred to be Weber as the 'ideal type', meaning that when an individual needs to understand or comprehend a particular sociological phenomenon, the various 'actions' of the different participants of the phenomena, and not stop at merely describing the phenomenon in itself. (Max Weber, 1864-1920) "
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"Maus", 2005.
An examination of Art Speigelman's graphic novel about his father's story during the Holocaust, using animal characters.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
With powerful texts and illustrations, the book tells the story of the author's father Vladek during the Holocaust as a Jew. The paper discusses how the novel's status as a pictorial or graphic novel is especially memorable for the reader's and viewer's consciousness, because it forces the reader of "Maus" to identify with the image of a despised animal as well as a persecuted 'race,' particularly in the form of Vladek. The writer focuses on the character of Vladek an how animal symbolism is used throughout the novel.
From the Paper
"Yet, brilliantly, despite this rakish quality of Maus' father Spiegelman the mousebreaker of hearts, and the dual historical resonance of mouse victim and vermin, the author also is able to make use of the childlike and storybook quaintness of having mice as protagonists, along the lines of a bedtime story. "Poppa," Spiegelman calls his father, and initially the two of them together seem like 'A Mouse and his Child,' a story tale or nursery rhyme rather than two men trapped in a larger history neither of them can fully comprehend, on an emotional, theological, or literary level of narrative. This whimsy deflates some of the womanizing of "The Sheik" as the framed device of the comic book reminds the reader and the gazer that this takes place in an old man's memory, and might make him seem more successful with women than one might initially suspect."
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Heinrich Himmler, 2005.
A look at the force behind the Gestapo, Heinrich Himmler.
1,268 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the type of person Heinrich Himmler was and discusses how he managed to rule the Gestapo with such an iron fist. It looks at his attitude towards Jews and his creation and implementation of the Final Solution.
From the Paper
"In 1925, Himmler joined the newly-formed SS (?Schutzstaffel?), a group of elite German officers assigned as Adolph Hitler?s personal protection squad (the ?Leibstandarte?SS Adolph Hitler?). Not long after, Himmler became the leader of the dreaded SS and then decided to ensure the absolute autonomy of this organization by decreeing that all members of the SS were in a class of their very own and that those that committed a misdemeanor were above normal justice and could be tried only by an SS court which in effect meant that German law no longer applied to them."
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"Enemies - A Love Story", 2005.
An examination of Isaac Bashevis Singer's book, "Enemies - A Love Story".
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
A discussion of how Singer portrays the Holocaust and the personalities of Holocaust survivors in his book, "Enemies - A Love Story". It tells the story of the entangled fates of several people who have survived the Holocaust and made it to the United States and to New York City. It explains how Singer manages to keep the book sufficiently neutral so that it is suitable for both Gentile and Jewish readers.
From the Paper
"Indeed: in the author?s note to Enemies: A Love Story, Singer writes that ?(a)lthough I did not have the privilege of going through the Hitler holocaust, I have lived for years in New York with refugees from this ordeal.? He goes on to state that having said this, he wants the reader to understand that the experiences of the characters in the novel are far from representative of the ?regular? refugee, but that, in the end, no one is ?regular,? and everyone inflects the experience of severe trauma with his or her own personality and fate. In other words, while there is no one way that anyone got through the Holocaust, there are ways to speak to and of the experiences of many survivors in such a manner that they are representative and, therefore, resonant of and for large numbers of people, including those who have never experienced such a thing."
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Babi Yar, 2005.
Report on Dina Pronicheva's book about her experience and survival of the massacre at Babi Yar.
966 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of survival and the holocaust in literature. Specifically, it contains the response of the paper's author to Dina Pronicheva's account of surviving the massacre at Babi Yar.
From the Paper
"Reading about any Holocaust survivorship is demanding at best, because the images of suffering, cruelty, and misfortune are so difficult to comprehend, and to believe. It is hard to believe that anyone could cause so much misery without any conscience, and even justify it by race. It is difficult to believe that an entire race of people was so passive they allowed themselves to be manipulated by a few. It is difficult to believe that women, children, and the elderly were all summarily reduced to bodies and ash, and it just kept happening. The Holocaust was a nightmare for the Jews, it is still nightmarish to read about, and Dina Pronicheva's account is as demanding as any other is, because it is true, and because it signifies the deaths of so many thousands of others."
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German Christians, 2005.
A look at the German Christian Church and the movement behind it, as well as how the German political and religious culture contributed to its formation.
2,713 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the German Christian Church and movement. More specifically, the paper focuses on the Protestant Church (people?s church) after WWI and through WWII and the Nazi movement. The attempts to illustrate that the Protestant German Christian Church's ideology was not a product of Nazi orders or a response to Neo-Pagan influences, but in fact, was derivative of the post-WWI culture of Germany.
From the Paper
"Twisted Cross: the German Christian Movement in the Third Reich goes on to explain that many members of the movement were simply attempting to make Christianity acceptable to Nationalist socialist society. The author argues that the German Christian Movement was indeed the result of post war influences of the larger German culture. The author asserts that there were several cultural events that led to the emergence of the German Christians. One of the major events occurred in the 1920?s when many of the Protestant association led efforts to promote ethnicity and German culture. The book asserts that these events were instrumental in the creation of the German Christian Movement that eventually took prominence in Germany."
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Elie Wiesel's "Night", 2005.
A book report on Elie Wiesel's account of his experiences as a prisoner in a German concentration camp during WWII.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book,"Night", by Elie Wiesel. Specifically, this paper summarizes the main ideas in the book, the author's thesis, and then provides an evaluation of the book.
From the Paper
"The author's thesis and reason for writing this book is quite clear. He wanted the world to know what he saw and experienced as a young boy, and how it colored his world forever. He lost his entire family to the Nazis, and came away from the concentration camps a survivor, but a bitter and disenchanted one, and it is difficult to blame him for his bitterness. Throughout the book, there is a dark feeling of hopelessness and unreality. It seems difficult to believe that anyone could be so vile and so utterly devoid of conscience as to send millions of Jews to their deaths."
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The Gypsies and World War II, 2004.
This paper discusses the treatment of the Gypsies by the Nazis before and during World War II.
3,590 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the mobile lifestyle of the Gypsies, who migrated from southern Asia over one thousand years ago and settled in many areas of Europe, especially Germany, frightened many sedentary town dwellers. Even today, the most common aspect of Gypsy life is to be persecuted. The author points out that the objective of the Nazis was to remove the Gypsies from society by using a three-track program similar to the treatment of Jews: Harassment and anti-Gypsy legislation, incarceration in concentration camps that included experimentation, and finally, extermination. The paper relates that even though thousands of Gypsies died, their case is not as well-known as that of the Jews because the Gypsies were less educated and did not record their experiences in writing as frequently. Also, their beliefs and culture regarding ritual purity and sexual conduct had been violated in the concentration camps, making them reluctant to talk about what had happened.
Table of Contents
Background
What it is like to be a Gypsy?
Before the War
Track Number One
Track Number Two
Track Number Three
During the War
The Nazi Experiments
From the Paper
"Even before the advent of war, the Gypsies were persecuted and shunned by society. As early as 1929, the city of Frankfurt Germany set up a "concentration camp for Gypsies" outside the city limits because of complaints by citizens. Therefore, the persecution of Gypsies began long before the Nazi regime took power, and in fact, historian Lewy notes, "When the Nazis intensified the harassment and persecution practiced by earlier regimes, most of their neighbors remained superbly indifferent". Adolph Hitler took power in Germany in 1933, and his regime initially had many other people to consider than the Gypsies. There were the Jews, whom Hitler despised and hoped to eradicate from Germany. However, the Gypsies soon became a priority in Hitler's administration for a variety of reasons. The Nazis began to refer to it as the "Gypsy Problem," and gave increasing attention to removing the Gypsies, thereby continuing the "pure" "Aryan" race of white Germany."
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