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"Ordinary Men", 2008.
This paper analyzes Christopher R. Browning's "Ordinary Men".
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Browning's book "Ordinary Men", where Browning wants the reader to see how a unit of the German Order Police, who committed terrible acts by carrying out a number of killings and other atrocities as part of the Nazi effort to exterminate the Jews of Poland, were actually "ordinary men". The paper describes Browning's analysis of these men, which is told in a detailed way and that exposes all the questions that might be raised. The paper also highlights the Browning's difficulty in explaining how ordinary individuals could commit such terrible atrocities against the Jews during the Holocaust.
From the Paper
"Brown asks how these men faced this dilemma and offers a history of the Order Police, though that history does not explain the central issue of why these men acted so brutally and so out of their normal character. Browning does try to answer the question of why these men acted as they did, though he also points out that no one reason can be offered as to why the many man involved committed the acts they did. Any explanation would apply only to a percentage of the whole and not to all. One force that Browning does cite as important is the conditioning of society, conditioning that accustomed people to respecting and deferring to authority."
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Rule Utilitarianism and the State, 2008.
A review of the film, "Judgment at Nuremberg," directed by Stanley Kramer and the ethical or normative theories that affect construction of a desired society.
2,036 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four major ethical or normative theories to the problem of the construction of a desired society. It looks at the significance of realism in normative analysis. The paper analyzes the film, "Judgment at Nuremberg," directed by Stanley Kramer in order to illustrate the challenges of devising a normative ethical viewpoint given the ethical complexity inherent in modern society.
From the Paper
"While Nazi Germany is an extreme example it is, unfortunately, representative of many tyrannies in human history in which a minority has seen its rights stripped, and claims of justice and community values/virtue dismissed, to supply the happiness or greater utility of the majority. The system of slavery in the American South prior to the Civil War represents precisely a model of precisely such a challenge."
"In this regard, a normative analysis would suggest that rule utilitarianism offers a stronger and more viable principle of utility than pure utilitarianism. Modern rule utilitarians, for example, "place heavy emphasis on human rights and freedoms" (Dwyer 163) which can be incorporated in this normative theory in a way they cannot be in pure utilitarianism."
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Germany and the Holocaust, 2008.
This paper examines two analyses of the history of European Jews, "The War Against the Jews" by Lucy S. Dawidowicz and "The Destruction of the European Jews" by Raul Hilberg.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Lucy S. Dawidowicz's and Raul Hilberg's analyses of the history of European Jews. The paper discusses how both authors describe the nature of the process of the annihilation of the Jew and the way Germany was organized to carry it out, but Dawidowicz focuses more on the victims and how they reacted and what happened to them, while Hilberg focuses more on the machinery of death and on the lack of morality of so many functionaries and workers who assisted in the process.
From the Paper
"Much of the Holocaust was indeed carried out by career civil servants, military personnel, and others in the private sector. The Holocaust itself thus became routinized so that it was carried on as if it were any other government activity. Two reasons given for the participation of ordinary men and women include obedience to authority, and the modern era's pursuit of specialization so that people could perform their part without knowing what the whole entailed, or without admitting what the whole entailed. It may be impossible to determine one reason why the many man involved committed the acts they did, for any general explanation is certain to be applicable only to a percentage of the whole. One force that we can see as operating in this case is the conditioning of society so that people respect and defer to authority. In this case, the society itself had a certain tradition of racism which affected these men and women and determined what they were being asked to do."
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"The Coming of the Third Reich" by Richard Evans, 2008.
A review of the book "The Coming of the Third Reich" by Richard Evans.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Evans' book "The Coming of the Third Reich", which is the first installment of a three book series that historically documents the rise of Adolf Hitler's power in post World War I Germany. Thepaper explains how Evans takes special care not to instill any personal prejudices regarding the genocidal actions of the Third Reich, while his findings provide a great deal of insight on the roots of German fascism. The writer points out that the beginning of the book provides a great deal of information on the status of Germany during the reign of Otto von Bismarck. The writer looks at how the German involvement in World War I only perpetuated the delineation of political ideologies even further. The writer explains that Evans believes that the traditions passed down by the German Empire and the economic and political consequences of World War I provided the perfect environment for a military coup or a seizure of power by an authoritarian regime
From the Paper
"The historical context entailing the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany has been documented numerous times. Many native Germans argue that the rise of national socialism and the Third Reich was a fluke, and the severity of its influence was due to the effective Nazi propaganda machine. Modern German politicians and government representatives note that the Third Reich was an anomaly and that historical evidence does not support the idea that Nazism found its roots within German history. However, Adolf Hitler and many Nazi officials have been quoted that the Third Reich was a revival of German values. Hitler borrowed the term "Third Reich" from Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, which translates to the Third Empire. The first empire of note was the Holy Roman Empire established by Charlemagne followed by the German Empire established by Otto von Bismarck."
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Psychology of the Holocaust, 2008.
This paper takes a look at Christopher Browning's 'Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland', which discusses a mass killing during the Holocaust.
3,372 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer explores Christopher Browning's controversial 1992 text, 'Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland'. The writer both summarizes the text's salient points as well as discusses the opinion of the academic community as to its veracity and merit. Every bit as importantly, this paper examines the methodology employed and looks at why Browning's text, if not a great book, can at least be described as an important one. In the end, by looking at the psychology of the killers as he does, the writer maintains that Browning forces the reader to confront "the banality of evil" which made the Holocaust possible on such an unimaginable scale.
From the Paper
"The book is, simply put, a vivid portrayal of a horrifying event. It begins with the first mass-killing at Jozefow in the early morning hours of July 13, 1942. On that day, the members of Reserve Force Battalion 101 were roused from their bunks - they were effectively sequestered in a school building in the town of Bilgoraj - and ordered into waiting trucks. After a short time, they stopped at the small, aforementioned town of Jozefow and were ordered into a semi-circle around their 53-year old commander, Major Wilhelm Trapp. At this point, the first bit of horror in Browning's narrative unfolds. As he describes it, a tearful and badly-shaken Trapp tells his troops that the 1800 Jews in the small community were to be rounded up and separated into two groups - males of working age and everybody else."
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The Final Solution, 2008.
An analysis of the ideology and implementation of the Final Solution by Adolf Hitler and his political party.
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the ideology of national socialism which Adolf Hitler developed and wrote about in "Mein Kampf." It explains how this ideology led to the implementation of the Final Solution in Germany. The paper discusses the rise of Hitler and his ideology and party and how they managed to psychologically condition the German people to support the Final Solution policies.
From the Paper
"Early in the Second World War, Hitler and the Nazis began to implement the genocidal policy of the Final Solution, which consisted of a system of extermination camps which spread like a cancer across eastern Europe, primarily in Poland, into which innocent Jewish men, women, and children were taken in the millions for execution at the hands of the Heinrich Himmler's SS."
"In spite of the denials of millions of Germans that they had known anything about the Final Solution, it was carried out with the direct or tacit support of a great majority of them. Throughout the Second World War, tens of thousands of Germans were directly involved in developing, establishing, and maintaining the lethal infrastructure of Hitler's Final Solution, and no denials of responsibility can expunge their guilt."
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'White Noise', 2007.
This paper studies five different journals that analyze 'White Noise' by Don DeLillo.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at various journals by different authors that examine Don DeLillo's work 'White Noise'. The different writings studied are Thomas Peyser's "Globalization in America: The Case of Don DeLillo's White Noise"; Arthur M. Saltzman's writing in Modern Fiction Studies "The Figure in the Static: White Noise"; Mark Conroy's "From Tombstone to Tabloid: Authority Figured in White Noise"; critic Noel King's writing in Critical Quarterly "Reading White Noise: Floating Remarks" and critic Lou F. Caton's writing in English Language Notes "Romanticism and the Postmodern Novel: Three Scenes from Don DeLillo's White Noise".
Outline:
Thesis
Journal #1
Journal #2
Journal #3
Journal #4
Journal #5
From the Paper
"As hard as it might be to imagine a man who is a professor of "Hitler Studies" at a midwestern college serving as the believable and substantive narrator of a novel, with author Don DeLillo anything seems possible, and there is always a message to his madness for those readers who are truly "listening" as they read. Is DeLillo suggesting that America is on the road to fascism? Is the media leading American down the road to all people seeing and hearing the same repetitive propaganda, like barns that are famous because they are said to be famous? That is clearly one of the author's intents."
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Hitler's Mistakes, 2007.
This paper discusses how Hitler's mistakes led to his demise.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as a wartime leader Hitler did things right at the beginning, but made major mistakes later on that led to the destruction of his nation. The writer then looks at some of Hitler's military considerations and calculations. The writer looks at Hitler's greatest errors and miscalculations, making use of different relevant works of literature. The writer maintains that Hitler's greatest error, besides underestimating the ability of the Allies to beat him back, was probably the invasion of Russia.
From the Paper
"During the years between 1933 and 1938, Hitler just wanted to build up his arms while he was cutting deals to revise the Versailles agreement and keeping the Allies from pinning him down. His diplomatic strategy at that time was that he didn't want to rattle too many cages or cause too much concern among the New Conservatives in Germany, at first, so he kept to the anti-Bolshevism theme which old-time leaders in Germany agreed with; that is, Germany will take over the Soviet Union one day. Also, France was an enemy of Germany, and the old-liners agreed with Hitler that "reconciliation" with France would never be possible."
"The Germans had tried since 1918 to maintain good relationships with England, but Hitler "despised British democracy"; the United States didn't enter into Germany's immediate plans, but Hitler thought the U.S. was being dominated by "Jews and blacks." Hitler believed Italy was a natural ally, and he was right, Orlow wrote."
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Elie Wiesel Memoirs, 2007.
A critical review of Elie Wiesel's memoirs "All Rivers Run to the Sea".
2,178 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies and discusses five places where Elie Wiesel lived in order to demonstrate how his experiences shaped him as a modern Jew. The paper describes Sighet, the Auschwitz death camp, Paris, New York and finally Jerusalem. The paper illustrates how Wiesel's colorful and eventful experiences and adventures all over the world were clearly influential in shaping his personal and religious views. The paper lauds Wiesel for overcoming the hardships and suffering he experienced in the Nazi death camps to thrive and prosper as a modern Jew.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sighet. Even though his "Childhood" segment begins with Wiesel's recollection of a dream in which his father, Shlomo Wiesel, "the man I loved most in the world, the man whose merest glance could stir me," appeared to him as he appeared in his death camp rags, the author's childhood appears to have been unremarkable and pleasant enough, and he seems to have gone through the same trials and tribulations that most normal children experience. For example, "Like all children," Wiesel writes, "I had my share of rebellion against this or that teacher or classmate, and even against my parents. Sometimes I felt they didn't understand me, that they judged me wrongly or were unfair" (p. 18)."
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Paul Celan's Todesfuge, 2007.
This paper discusses Paul Celan's poem "Todesfuge".
2,457 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that 'Todesfuge' or Death Fugue is one of Paul Celan's earliest creations, and, at the same time, one of his best-known works. Roughly speaking, the writer points out that the poem describes the experience of the Holocaust, from one of the horrifying concentration camps. The writer maintains that the most interesting aspect of the poem is however the way in which Celan translates the experience into language. The writer points out that the text has been sometimes criticized because it transposes the hard reality of the Holocaust in a highly aesthetic manner, which seems, at first sight, to divert the attention from the atrocities of death and of the concentration camp. However, the writer concludes that the gist of Celan's Todesfuge is the aesthetic representation of the Holocaust experience and that through symbols and metaphorical oppositions, Celan translates the terrible experience of the Jews during the Nazi regime.
From the Paper
"There is obviously no easy or direct way to talk about such a dehumanizing experience as that of the slow torture that the Jews had to endure in the death camps. Language inevitably fails to convey the horrors by itself. But the language used in Celan's poem, as well as the structure of the text form the core of an artistic experience that translates the reality of the Holocaust in a very effective way. Thus, Celan's Todesfuge reveals the nightmarish Jewish experience during the Nazi regime through its musical form, which superimposes two opposed realities, that of death and that of love and beauty."
"Therefore, the most powerful effect of the text is given by the sharp contrast between two contradictory realities which are united in the structure of the poem through the musical rhythm that imitates a fugue. First of all, the lack of punctuation and the frequent and rhythmical repetitions of the same phrases or metaphors throughout the poem, make the text resemble a fugue."
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The Holocaust and American Action, 2007.
This paper discusses America's failure to act during the Holocaust.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the common perception and image of America and the Allies during the Second World War is one of liberating the world from tyranny and oppression. Further, the writer points out that the image has to a great degree been tarnished by recent historical studies and research findings. The writer then explains that there have been many questions asked about the apparent reticence of the Americans and the British to intervene and help the victims of the Holocaust. The writer concludes that the fact that there was little real action on the part of the American government to prevent the Holocaust is not disputed by most historians. However, what is not clear are the reasons for this inaction or apparent lack of concern.
From the Paper
"These assertions pertain to the fact that the Allies had knowledge of the holocaust and of the German concentration camps long before the end of the War. Questions have been raised as to why Allies and America did not do more to prevent these crimes or at least retard their progression. Answers to these questions have led to a certain amount of controversy and have not reflected well on the policies or government of the time."
"Scholarship leaves little doubt that knowledge of the crimes against Jews in Europe was well known to the Allies at an early date."
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Remembering the Holocaust, 2007.
A discussion of why it is vital that the remembrance of the Holocaust be passed to a new generation.
936 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of the Holocaust with a focus on its remembrance and lessons. In particular, the author stresses the importance of transmitting the history and lessons of the holocaust on to future generations to ensure that an event so evil never occurs again. The paper describes actual incidents perpetrated by the Nazis and examines Jewish resistance movements.
From the Paper
"The Jews did attempt to fight back, even though we do not hear about that very much. One resistance fighter was Anna Heilman, who helped smuggle minute amounts of gunpowder out of a plant at Auschwitz to help create a bomb to destroy one of the crematoriums at the concentration camp. She remembers, "We smuggled the gunpowder from the factory into the camp. It was smuggled in tiny little pieces of cloth, tied up with a string. Inside our dresses we had what we called a little boit'l (small sack), a pocket, and the boit'l was where everybody hid their little treasures, wrapped in pieces of cloth" (Rittner and Roth 132). The Nazis never noticed the smuggling, and the bomb was a success, a crematorium was destroyed shortly before the end of the war."
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Danish Heroism, 2007.
This paper discusses the bravery and loyalty of the Danish people towards the Jews during the Holocaust.
4,236 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why Denmark and not other countries took the risk of contradicting Germany. The paper relates the history of Jews in Denmark and portrays how the Danes refused, despite German pressure, to take measures against the Jews. The paper discusses how in most of European history, anti-Semitism was ingrained in many of the cultures, but in Denmark there was always a strong sense of civic equality that extended to the Jews and created an atmosphere of tolerance and respect. The paper acknowledges the unanswered questions regarding this terrible time in history for the Jewish people.
From the Paper
"In April 2004, Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen accepted the Lyndon B. Johnson Moral Courage Award from the Holocaust Museum Houston honoring his country's World War II rescue of thousands of Jews from occupying Nazi forces. The award was given to Denmark for ''the miraculous action by people of all levels to save the Jewish population during the Holocaust.'' In Jerusalem, a boat-like monument signifies the 25th anniversary of the rescue of Danish Jewry, a school is named in Denmark's honor and many Israeli cities and towns have a street or square commemorating the heroism of the Danes. In addition, the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial in Jerusalem displays a small boat used to ferry Jews to safety in Sweden."
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God and the Holocaust, 2007.
An analysis of some of the diverse reactions to God following the Holocaust.
1,604 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how God could have allowed the Holocaust to happen. It also looks at how the Jews have coped with this question after the Holocaust. The paper describes some of the diverse reactions to the Holocaust by both victims and other people, such as acceptance of God's will, denial of God's existence and the movement of Holocaust denial.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most troubling reaction to the Holocaust has been the minority theory that it never happened. This theory, called "Holocaust denial" by many, uses some of the misinformation first broadcast about the Holocaust as evidence the event never occurred. Another historian states, "While originally an obscure movement, since the rise of the internet in the mid-1990s, Holocaust denial has grown significantly, and new adherents continue to set up web sites dedicated to 'debunking the myth'" (Mathis). While this has been horrific to many, especially those who survived the camps or lost loved ones there, many Jews see it as a mixed blessing, because it has brought increased attention to the Holocaust and created new interest in discovering the truth. Thus, it is another example of God's will and His overall plan for the Jews. He creates naysayers who want to convince others the Holocaust never happened, and in doing so, he creates more understanding and interest in the fate of the Jews."
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Remembering History Accurately, 2007.
This paper discusses Wiesel's Nobel Prize lecture that highlights the importance of an accurate remembrance of the horrors of the twentieth century.
2,008 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the minimization of the horrors of the twentieth century. The paper explains that this has not only led to a disrespectful attitude regarding some of these horrors and their survivors, but has also increased the risk that similar events will occur in the twenty-first century. The paper examines three instances of historical revisionism; one that has lasted almost 70 years, (Holocaust denial) and resulted in an increase in anti-Semitism and two that are just beginning to effect social and political concerns, (the war in Iraq and the crises in Darfur.) The paper shows how accurate historical memories are absolutely essential to the future of the world.
From the Paper
"One of the problems that have consistently plagued historians who are seeking to teach history in a manner aimed at solving social problems is the concept of revisionist history. There are a myriad of definitions of revisionist history, many of them tailored to address specific issues that arise as a result of specific historical events. For example, for many years history textbooks in the American south continued to teach about slavery from a context of benevolent paternalism. One problem with historical revisionism is that by minimizing the horrors of the past, one renders oneself powerless to address the very real problems that exist in the present-day as a result of those horrors."
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The Holocaust, 2006.
A review and discussion regarding the atrocities of the Holocaust.
2,225 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the Holocaust, the systematic murder of six million Jews. According to the paper, the Nazis were obsessive record keepers and the holocaust is therefore the most well documented genocide in the history of mankind. It looks at the nature of anti-Semitism and Hitler's rise to power, his use of the Jews as scapegoats, his belief in eugenics and a super-race. It also discusses the concentration camps and how the world stood by and failed to help the Jews.
Outline:
What is Antisemitism?
Hitler's Rise to Power
Nazi Concentration Camps
Why Didn't Anyone Help Them?
Conclusion - Hitler's Legacy
From the Paper
"Those who could work, mostly men, were sent the other way and "processed" into the camp. They were stripped naked, all their belongings confiscated, and shaved from head to toe, given worn-out rags to wear and shoes that did not fit. There were no blankets, mattresses, pillows, or heat in the dormitory "beds" (like wooden boxes) where they slept six to a bed. They were systematically starved and used for slave labor. After a whole day of heavy labor, "dinner" was a bowl of cabbage "soup," mostly water, and sometimes a slice of bread. They mustered twice a day to be counted, often standing for hours on end without adequate clothing in the winter. Those who became unable to work went to the gas chamber. During epidemics the bodies piled up in heaps like garbage, and vicious dogs, trained to hate the prisoners, guarded the camps. (Frankl, 1997)."
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"Shoah", 2007.
A review of Claude Lanzmann's film about the Holocaust, "Shoah".
2,849 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that "Shoah" consists of many hours of interviews with three categories of characters: survivors, witnesses and perpetrators. The paper explains that, in order to depict the historical reality, the director takes the survivors back to the places where their story happened. The paper relates that there are four places which concerned the director: Chelmno, Treblinka, Auschwitz - Birkenau and Warsaw ghetto. The paper maintains that Lanzmann succeeds in passing down a message about man's capacity for cruelty to his fellow man to the coming generations and in publicizing the Jewish tragedy around the world.
From the Paper
"Shoah consists of many hours of interviews with three categories of characters: survivors, witnesses and perpetrators. In order to depict the historical reality, the director takes the survivors back to the places where their story happened. He makes them face the places where the terror took place. The particular medium of the documentary film work describes the historical reality of the holocaust through people who lived "shoah" , history is told by the people who survived, witnessed or people who were directly involved in conducting the holocaust."
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Nazi Germany, 2007.
This paper discusses the political, economic and cultural philosophy of Hitler and the Nazis.
2,831 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper talks about the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazi party. The paper discusses the Nazi form of government, culture and economy and explores Hitler's views concerning the master race, the elite Aryans. The paper explains how this led to the genocide of Jews and other minority groups. This is known as the Holocaust, considered the greatest crime against humanity in history. The paper explains that the Holocaust was made possible by the total control of the totalitarian regime of the Nazi Party, the passive consent of the majority of the German population, a collaboration of regimes with similar views and deeply rooted anti-Semitism among Christian countries in Europe.
Outline:
Introduction
Government
Economy
Culture
From the Paper
"Adolph Hitler was an Austrian soldier in the German army, who attended the meetings of the then small Nazi Party in Munich (Suffolk Community College Department 2006). Through his magnetic speeches, Hitler won the admiration of the other soldiers and attracted new members to the Party. He came to be viewed as essential to the movement and he used that sentiment to maneuver himself into its leadership. As the leader, he managed to demand and receive the complete subservience of the Party members. Hitler was described as a fanatical soldier who held racist, anti-Semitic and authoritarian views (Suffolk Community College Department)."
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