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"The Seamstress: A Memoir of Survival", 2002.
Review of the holocaust survival story "The Seamstress: A Memoir of Survival" published posthumously by the author's daughter.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Sara Tuvel Bernstein's memoir, "The Seamstress: A Memoir of Survival", is one of the most memorable of first-person accounts of survival during the Holocaust. The book is well-told by the late Bernstein and deserves a prominent place in the archive of Holocaust survival stories. In 1944, she was transported with her sister and two friends to the Ravensbruck concentration camp. In a moving afterward, Seren's daughter describes her mother's strong personality. Published posthumously, Bernstein's work evolved literally thread by thread as she worked in her sewing room, methodically recording her tale of survival during the Holocaust.
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The Origins of Nazism, 2002.
A collection of some of the most famous thinkers regarding the origins of Nazism in Germany.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Most of the contributors to The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes are well known to the field, having published extensively on the social bases of the Hitler movement. Detlef Muehlberger, Gunther Mai, William Brustein, Helen Boak, and Oded Heilbronner are all represented here, in addition to the editor of the collection, Conan Fischer, and Juergen Falter, whose massive work, Hitlers Waehler, epitomizes the assault on inherited views of the Nazi constituency.
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The Importance of Studying the Holocaust, 2002.
Discussion of the importance of continued awareness of the Holocaust.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
More than two generations ago, the worst slaughter of human beings occurred during the reign of Nazi Germany. Millions of Jews were put to death; others starved or were tortured. Forgetting those horrific times would be a tragic mistake.
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The Importance of Studying the Holocaust, 2002.
Discussion of the importance of continued awareness of the Holocaust.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
More than two generations ago, the worst slaughter of human beings occurred during the reign of Nazi Germany. Millions of Jews were put to death; others starved or were tortured. Forgetting those horrific times would be a tragic mistake.
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The Holocaust in Italian Cinema, 2002.
Examines several post-WWII Italian forms to show how the Holocaust was presented in these works.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Italy's experience of fascism has been regularly referred to in her modern cinema, generally in ways that emphasize the social devastation and moral despair of the World War II experience. This paper's discussion of several post-War contributions to the Italian cinema concentrates on questions of the Holocaust, as it took form in Italy less drastically than elsewhere in occupied Europe.
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"Night" by Elie Wiesel, 2002.
Reviews this autobiographical novel on the Holocaust by survivor, Elie Wiesel.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Elie Wiesel's novel tries to keep the historical memory of the holocaust alive. We see the holocaust through the eyes of a little child. In witnessing this horror, the reader is reminded of the memory of the holocaust. Historical memory is important in this context, because once humanity wipes it out, it becomes possible that crimes like the holocaust can become possible again.
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"Night", 2003.
A Freudian analysis of the events in Elie Wiesel's "Night" as well as the Holocaust as a whole.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Freud's "Civilization and its Discontents" offers unique insights into the psychoanalytic workings of the human mind which may help to explain how many of the atrocities which face the characters in Elie Wiesel's "Night" could be rationalized by these characters' oppressors. The essay also focuses on analyzing Eliezer's relationship with his friends and ailing father throughout the novel as well as looking at events of the Holocaust as a whole.
From the Paper
"This statement, written by Freud years before the Nazi party began separating Jews and other undesirables from their community, describes one of the most important aspects of Human nature that allowed the Nazi movement to be so effective and appealing to those involved. Aggression is one of man?s most natural instincts that must be fulfilled if Humans are to stay in an emotionally balanced state. Civilization however, impedes upon this urge toward hostility. The Nazis understood this, and in turn realized the necessity of clearly identifying a separate faction for the Aryans to project their anger and enmity toward without being shunned by society. The trick in this becomes identifying this separate party of outcasts and displaying them such that the population will accept them as the others. The first step in this process is presenting the ideas to the public as to why these people ought to be their antagonists. Hitler?s oratory skills seemed to have a knack for accomplishing this. As in Sighet, another primary step was forcing these pariahs to wear arm bands, visually separating them from the insiders. Now, not only are the ideas implanted within the Aryans but they are also able to see each and every person who they are encouraged to direct their aggression toward. In doing this, the Nazis have tailored society to aid the id in that the superego is now believing that this aggression is acceptable and the ego is free act on it without opposition. The hostility immediately began to flow and the entire process began to progress."
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History of World War II, 2002.
An account of the events leading up to World War II.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief description of Adolph Hitler, describes Hitler's beliefs and objectives as the leader of the Third Reich, offers a timeline of events of WWII, and concludes with a brief discussion of the consequences of WWII.
From the Paper
"Hitler believed that the German man, with his blonde hair, blue eyes, and tall stature was superior to other races. He named this race the Aryan race, and claimed they were the master race above all other races. So, if the Aryan race was superior to all other races, then there must be inferior, or subhuman races. These races must include the Jews, Czechs, Poles, and Russians. His focus was on the Jew, because as he dictated for his book, ?The mightiest counterpart to the Aryan is represented by the Jew.? He believed that the Jews were conspiring to keep the master race from assuming their ?rightful place?, by tainting the racial and cultural superiority. As an interesting side note, Hitler himself was short, had dark hair and dark eyes."
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"Hitler: A Study in Tyranny", 2002.
A review of the book "Hitler: A Study in Tyranny" by Alan Bullock.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a review and summary of this book which is an analysis of the complex personality of Adolph Hitler. It looks at the way in which Hitler managed to use the perfect opportunities available to him to rise to power within a few years in Germany. It questions why and how he was able to gain so much support and glory from the people, and how, through Hitler's personality and charisma, he rose to heights he never expected.
From the Paper
"Was Hitler an evil genius? Was he truly the one and only person whose quest for power brought on World War II, and the slaughter of millions on the battlefields and in concentration camps and in bombed-out cities? The answer has to be No! Despite the fact that he lusted for power, that he even described in ?Mein Kampf? what he had hoped to accomplish, he was merely the right person at the right time, in the right place. It might well have been some other charismatic leader who was determine to avenge what he conceived to be the ?wrongs? done Germany at the end of World War I. What Hitler was able to accomplish in his early years -- meaning the Nineteen Twenties, was to take advantage of the German mood, and the unhappiness of the German army, now in disarray. He was also able to take full advantage of internal strife among the various German states, Bavaria, especially. This seems somehow strange, since Bavaria was a Catholic state. Yet, Hitler and some of his comrades craftily brought out the Communist threat (something that he continued until the very end). There had been a number of attempted Communist uprisings that had been suppressed. But, while politics were only one of his causes, he made the most of Germany?s economic plight- high unemployment, inflation, and a general unhappiness and malaise that spread through the entire country. In one of his early speeches he said: ?Until the present day, the half-hearted and lukewarm have remained the curse of Germany?For liberation, something more is needed than an economic policy? (p.95)."
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?Maus?, 2002.
This paper reviews ?Maus? by Art Spiegelman which is a story of the Holocaust told in comic book style format with mice as its characters.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the comic book style format used in ?Maus? by Art Spiegelman gives a fresh approach to a much-told story of the Holocaust. The paper reveals that the characters being portrayed as mice are seen in sharper relief as human concerns transferred to the world of the mice. The author believes that ?Maus? concludes that the failure of so much of the rest of the world to do anything allows the evil of the Nazis to flourish.
From the Paper
"In Vladek's world in the 1930s, being "human" meant living in fear and uncertainty. Each day, more people would disappear. If you walked through the wrong door at the wrong time, you could be one of those rounded up that day and taken away. At one point, Vladek sees the S.S. checking papers and slips away, and the S.S. took away half the people on the street that day. He escapes for a time through the intercession of friends who provide him with proof of a job manufacturing goods for Germany, which affords some protection (I 78). This also points to the central motif of the book and the central way in which human beings retain their humanity in the face of great opposition--they do so by helping one another. This happens again when Vladek sees Ilzecki, and Ilzecki takes him into his home to protect him (I 80). In such times, sacrifice comes in many forms--Ilzecki gives up his son to others to raise, and the son lives; Vladek's wife refuses to do the same with her son, and he does not survive (I 81)."
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Holocaust and Jewish Identity, 2002.
A discussion of the way in which the Holocaust has transformed the concept of Jewish identity.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Holocaust has been a central event in shaping identity for survivors and their children, as well as in some ways the identities of other 20th century and 21st century Jews, creating for some at least a sense of identity that is almost ethnocentric. It compares the identity of those Jews living in the "Diaspora" with those living in the State of Israel.
From the Paper
"Much about Jewish identity has been changed forever as a result of the Holocaust. One of these fundamental changes has been the fact that Judaism has become a non-European religion; its three major centers (which together include more than three-fourths of world Jewry) are Israel, the Slavic region of the former Soviet Union, and the United States. (Although Jews constitute only a small fraction of the population of the United States, Judaism occupies a role far surpassing its numerical importance and is regarded with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism as one of the major American faiths.) To be Jew in the post-Holocaust world is thus to have to incorporate into one?s sense of identity the sense of being part of a people scattered irrevocably far from one?s homeland (Hartmen, 2000, p. 38). Thus, even for those who are secular in their beliefs and who have (for example) no idea of ever living anywhere but in California, there is the abiding sense of being part of a Diaspora, of being part of a people defined by the broken apart and sent in to exile."
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"Beyond Hitler's Grasp", 2002.
A review of the non-fiction work "Beyond Hitler's Grasp" by Michael Bar-Zohar.
949 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the work by Bar-Zohar called "Beyond Hitler's Grasp". The paper begins by stating that Peshev's story, along with many others, was long forgotten but has been revived, and he has become a major heroic figure in Bulgaria. The writer explores the actions of the main character Peshev, in light of his Bulgarian nationality and background and the risks he faced in helping the Jews the way he did.
From the Paper
"Dimiter Peshev was the vice president of the Bulgarian Parliament, and when he heard the rumors of the impending deportations of the Jews, he formed an action group in the town of Kustendil. He took his case to higher-ups, appearing before the minister of the interior to insist that the deportation orders be altered immediately. Peshev was particularly motivated by humanitarian concerns, but he also had political motivations because in the aftermath of the German failure at Stalingrad, it was believed that Bulgaria should not become involved in such a monstrous act because that would endanger her chances of disengaging from the German alliance when necessary."
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Hitler and the Holocaust: Intentionalism vs. Functionalism, 2002.
A detailed historiographical analysis of the theories of intentionalism and functionalism as they relate to the Final Solution and the Holocaust.
2,985 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theories of intentionalism and functionalism in relation to the development and implementation of Hitler's Final Solution. The first theory holds that the Final Solution was the direct result of Hitler's anti-Semitic ideology and his orders to that effect. The second theory of functionalism asserts that the Final Solution developed haphazardly as a result of external pressures. The paper draws upon a wealth of historiographical evidence to support its findings. The writer weighs the merits of both theories and ultimately finds in favor of the theory of intentionalism.
From the Paper
"The Holocaust was the deliberate and bureaucratic annihilation of eleven million people, six million of whom were Jews, by Hitler and his Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945. The Holocaust was the greatest genocidal attempt ever made and arguably the greatest demonstration of man?s inhumanity to man that the world has ever seen. Even now, the Holocaust?s legacy of death and destruction strikes fear and sorrow into the hearts of people around the world. Perhaps one of the greatest and most pressing questions of modern civilization is just how and why the horrible atrocities of the Holocaust occurred. There are two modern theories as to the origin of Hitler?s Final Solution, the final plan for the extermination of all Jews and other ?inferior? peoples. These two theories are known simply as intentionalism and functionalism. The traditional theory of intentionalism holds that there is a clear linear relation between Hitler?s anti-Semitic ideology and the Final Solution."
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Supersessionism, 2002.
An exploration of supersessionism at it relates to the Jews during the Holocaust.
1,578 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concept of supersessionism, as it relates to the Jews and anti-Semitism in general. The writer defines supersessionism as the historical and/or religious absorption, of Jews in this case, into the Christian realm. The paper also explores the question of the identity and responsibility of Christians and Jews in light of the Holocaust and the issues of individual religious belief, history and culture.
From the Paper
"The dangers of supersessionism are exemplified in the attitude of the Catholic Church to the converted Jew Edith Stein who was murdered by the Nazis. The Church has declared that it did not intend to usurp the suffering of the Jews by honoring Edith, but the act still causes distrust among Jews. At the same time, where there is conflict, there is the hope of ongoing dialogue, and Garber makes clear that the Catholic Church has tried to explain the meaning of its actions from its perspective, and Jewish leaders have shown appreciation for that. Both religions believe in God's redemption of human beings, but in different ways."
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Modern Jewish History, 2002.
Examines Jewish history with an emphasis on the Holocaust and the Haskalah, the Jewish enlightenment.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In modern times, the transformation of both the religious and traditional aspects of Judaism from traditional beliefs and customs led directly to the formation of a Jewish homeland. This essay traces the causes and effects of both the Haskalah or Jewish Enlightenment and the Holocaust, the two most important events in contemporary Jewish history. Special attention is given to their contribution to the Zionist effort to establish the state of Israel.
From the Paper
"As the power of host states began to rise, Jewish autonomy decreased, and with it, the authority of the traditional Jewish leaders, the rabbis, also decreased. In their place, maskilim gained power, promoting the rational thinking inherent in the general European Enlightenment. The most famous maskil, Moses Mendelssohn, advocated reforms in
which the Jews would be able to socially and culturally integrate into their host societies (Finder Sept. 12, 2002). This was to be accomplished largely through reformed education in which secular subjects were added to the more traditional religious subjects (Sorkin 53). The learning of vernacular languages, adoption of local manners, and reformation of economic behavior were also goals of the Haskalah. The ultimate goal of the Haskalah was to achieve full citizenship for Jews by convincing the surrounding gentile, or non-Jewish, population of the equality of their Jewish neighbors (Sorkin 5). This process was unsystematic and often required changes to Jewish traditions."
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The United States and Hitler?s Jews, 2000.
An examination of the U.S. response to Hitler's treatment of European Jewry.
4,005 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the responses of the American public, press and government to the Holocaust in Europe during World War II. It discusses whether the U.S. government did enough to stop the genocide of over six million Jews. It shows how the U.S. government did very little to stop Hitler, how the press made little effort to give the proper coverage and how this kept the public ill-informed and passive.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine the responses of the American public, press and government to the Holocaust in Europe during World War II and to ask the question: Did the U.S. do enough to stop the genocide to over six million Jews?. The answer is simple: no. The U.S. government did very little to stop Hitler, the press made little effort to give the proper coverage and that in turn kept the public ill-informed and they acted very passively. There were different responses and actions taken by the U.S. While President Roosevelt had good intentions, he failed to help the Jews in Europe. The State Department of the U.S. took many actions to actually hinder the efforts of the people and government officials. The civilians of the United States were very passive towards relief of the victims of the Holocaust. However, there were some individuals, Jewish and non-Jewish alike, that made incredible efforts to do anything that they could. But over all, not enough was done to help the victims of the Holocaust."
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Leni Riefenstahl's Contribution to Hitler's Campaign, 2002.
This paper looks at the work and contribution to Hitler's campaign, of Leni Riefenstahl, German actress and filmmaker who directed "The Triumph of the Will" in 1934.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The writer examines the film "Triumph of the Spirit" and more closely the filmmaker "Leni Riefenstahl". The paper attempts to analyze whether Leni's participation in the production of this movie assisted and promoted Hitler's ideas and actions, and by doing so, placed her in the role or war criminal, not just film maker. The writer uses direct quotes from the time as well as historical stories to explore her involvement in Hitler's campaign and her subsequent guilt or innocence.
From the Paper
"Consider first the nature of the film itself. The documentary Triumph of the Will, directed by Leni Riefenstahl, presents the Nazi era through a particular prism showing it as heroic, elevating, and inspiring. The film is actually less overt about the propaganda elements than one might expect, with Riefenstahl hiding them in elegiac and poetic images whose effect is to elevate the Nazi party and its leader. The occasion was the Nuremberg rally in 1935 at which Hitler made a rousing speech that solidified his political power over the people. The film is not objective at all, and while the subject matter may be considered frightening and horrible, the techniques used by Riefenstahl in shaping the footage remain among the prime examples of documentary film-making. As propaganda, the film is extremely effective."
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"Maus", 2003.
A review of the comic book "Maus" by Art Spielegman with an emphasis on how it discusses the Holocaust, through this non-academic form.
1,327 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the comic book "Maus" by Art Spielegman and analyzes how its portrayal of the history of the Holocaust is shown as subjective to its characters and relationships, mediated by time and memory. It looks at how Spielegman?s task is challenging in its scope, in trying to grasp the human dimensions of an unfathomable experience of a Holocaust survivor. It evaluates how the medium of the comic strip aids in the creating a larger exposure to the story, as well as demonstrating the assembly of a history as a narrative through its use of inclusive interviews and interview methods.
From the Paper
"Remembering is a construction of the past, clips of memory placed into frame. Maus examines the limitations of the techniques of recording experience, by engaging the problems of oral history and memory. The comic strip is a story about telling a story, the testimony of a witness to a significant historical event, as well as a telling of that event. Because it is only one man?s story of the Holocaust, his interpretation is limited in the larger picture of the Holocaust. Yet it also becomes everyman?s story due to the personalizing of the event, the ability an individual?s story has to humanize and universalize. Artie discusses his father?s romances, depression, things that would not otherwise be included or deemed important in a life history during a time of war and genocide. "
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Elie Wiesel?s ?Night?, 2002.
This paper reviews Elie Wiesel?s ?Night? in which he recounts his experience in the concentration camps of World War II.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper states that Elie Wiesel?s ?Night? is a terrifying account of the horrors of Holocaust through the eyes of a child who sees his family killed and whose own spirit is sorely tested, even these many years later, as he looks back on these events. The paper explains that the boy questions everything that in the past has provided some sense of stability--the community, the family, and God as well. The author feels that this book is an exploration of personal identity and an attempt for one man to come to grips with the fact that he has survived while so many did not.
From the Paper
"The Holocaust tested those who survived and left them with questions that cannot be answered, or with answers, they could not understand. Moshe says the questions come from the soul and stay there until death, and the question of how and why this could happen is such a question. It is evident that this book is in part an attempt to come to grips with that question, though ultimately the boy who wonders about God in the beginning and who feels by the end that he has been all but abandoned by God never finds the answer as to why this has happened."
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